Secondary storage spaces with very complex geometries are well developed in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,which is taken as a study case in this paper.It is still not clear how the secondary stora...Secondary storage spaces with very complex geometries are well developed in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,which is taken as a study case in this paper.It is still not clear how the secondary storage space shape influences the P-＆ S-wave velocities （or elastic properties） in complex carbonate reservoirs.In this paper,three classical rock physics models （Wyllie timeaverage equation,Gassmann equation and the Kuster-Toks z model） are comparably analyzed for their construction principles and actual velocity prediction results,aiming at determining the most favourable rock physics model to consider the influence of secondary storage space shape.Then relationships between the P-＆ S-wave velocities in carbonate reservoirs and geometric shapes of secondary storage spaces are discussed from different aspects based on actual well data by employing the favourable rock physics model.To explain the influence of secondary storage space shape on V P-V S relationship,it is analyzed for the differences of S-wave velocities between derived from common empirical relationships （including Castagna＇s mud rock line and Greenberg-Castagna V P-V S relationship） and predicted by the rock physics model.We advocate that V P-V S relationship for complex carbonate reservoirs should be built for different storage space types.For the carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,the V P-V S relationships for fractured,fractured-cavernous,and fractured-hole-vuggy reservoirs are respectively built on the basis of velocity prediction and secondary storage space type determination.Through the discussion above,it is expected that the velocity prediction and the V P-V S relationships for complex carbonate reservoirs should fully consider the influence of secondary storage space shape,thus providing more reasonable constraints for prestack inversion,further building a foundation for realizing carbonate reservoir prediction and fluid prediction.展开更多
Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment. Compared to cationic pollutants, the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predo...Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment. Compared to cationic pollutants, the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predominantly negative charges in neutral and alkaline environments. In this study, a cross-linked chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium and magnetic properties（QM-chitosan） was prepared and employed to remove chromium（VI） and phosphorus（V）（Cr（VI） and P（V）） from aqueous environments. The QM-chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FT-IR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）, energy dispersive X-ray（SEM-EDX） and zeta potential.Batch experiments show that QM-chitosan can effectively remove Cr（VI） and P（V）, and the main mechanism was believed to be electrostatic interaction. A pseudosecond-order model was fitted to describe the kinetic processes of Cr（VI） and P（V） removal. The adsorption isotherms of both Cr（VI） and P（V） on the QM-chitosan were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The saturated adsorption capacity of P（V）（2.783 mmol/g） was found to be higher than that of Cr（VI）（2.323 mmol/g）, resulting from the size of the H2PO-4ions being smaller than that of the HCr O-4ions. However, the theoretical calculation and experimental results showed that QM-chitosan had a stronger affinity for Cr（VI） than P（V）. The adsorption–desorption of the QM-chitosan was evaluated, and high regeneration rates were demonstrated.展开更多
In this paper, the Martin-Hou equation of state is derived by using a power series representation of radial distribution function and an analytic representation of multi-section potential based on the Barker-Henderso...In this paper, the Martin-Hou equation of state is derived by using a power series representation of radial distribution function and an analytic representation of multi-section potential based on the Barker-Henderson hard-particle perturbation theory including high-order terms. In the derivation, a theoretical form of Martin-Hou equation was obtained. It had a similar form and the same capability to predict P-V-T properties as the Martin-Hou equation and no additional data were required for evaluating the constants. The characteristic constants of the theoretical expression have certain relationships with the molecular parameters.展开更多
The equations of state(EOSs)of MgO produced by two independent scale-free methods,(1)the simultaneous elastic wave velocity and in situ synchrotron X-ray measurements(Kono et al.,2010;Li et al.,2006)and(2)the first-pr...The equations of state(EOSs)of MgO produced by two independent scale-free methods,(1)the simultaneous elastic wave velocity and in situ synchrotron X-ray measurements(Kono et al.,2010;Li et al.,2006)and(2)the first-principles calculations(Wu et al.,2008),agree well with each other to at least 150 GPa and 2000 K.Furthermore,the EOS from first-principles calculations also agrees well with shock wave data,another pressure-scale-free data.These agreements strongly support that these EOSs provide reliable absolute pressure scales.Here we evaluate Au and Pt EOSs based on the EOS of Wu et al.(2008)using the simultaneously measured volume data of MgO,Au,and Pt from the literature.The primary pressure scales developed by Tange et al.(2009)and Yokoo et al.(2009)using only pressure-scale-free experimental data of MgO,Au,and Pt produce internal consistent pressure and agree with EOS of Wu et al.(2008).The Au EOS by Tsuchiya(2003)works well at room temperature but underestimates pressure at high temperature.The Au EOS by Fei et al.(2007)can well describe thermal pressure.The EOSs of Pt by Holmes et al.(1989)and Ono et al.(2011)work well at both room temperature and high temperature.The results also suggest that the discrepancy between bulk modulus of iron from experiments(Mao et al.,1990)and those from Earth's core(Dziewonski and Anderson,1981)is not originated from the overestimation of pressure by the EOS of Holmes et al.(1989).At high pressure and temperature,pressure uncertainty resulted from volume error becomes similarly important as the accuracy of the pressure scale.展开更多
We discuss the P-V criticality and the Joule-Thomson expansion of charged AdS black holes in the Rastall gravity. We find that although the equation-of-state of a charged AdS black hole in the Rastall gravity is relat...We discuss the P-V criticality and the Joule-Thomson expansion of charged AdS black holes in the Rastall gravity. We find that although the equation-of-state of a charged AdS black hole in the Rastall gravity is related to the Rastall parameter λ, its reduced equation-of-state at the critical point is independent of the Rastall parameter λ, as is the case in the Einstein gravity where λ=0. This is the reason why the critical exponents are not related to the Rastall parameter λ. We also find that the inversion temperature Ti is related to the Rastall parameter λ,but that the minimum inversion temperature Timin and the ratio ε between the minimum inversion temperature and the critical temperature are both independent of the Rastall parameter λ. At the critical point, the thermodynamic evolution of a charged AdS black hole in the Rastall gravity behaves as in the van der Waals fluid and charged AdS black hole in the Einstein gravity. We show the inversion curves and isenthalpic curves in the T-P plane and analyze the effect of the Rastall constant λ on the inversion curves of a charged AdS black hole during the Joule-Thomson expansion.展开更多
A new equation of state is derived from the Barker-Henderson hard-sphere perturbation theory. It has the form similar to the Martin-Hou equation of state. The numerical values of the characteristic constants in the eq...A new equation of state is derived from the Barker-Henderson hard-sphere perturbation theory. It has the form similar to the Martin-Hou equation of state. The numerical values of the characteristic constants in the equation can be calculatrd by the method of Martin and Hou. The equation can he used to predictP-V-T properties accurately for fluids when the critical parameters (Tc,Pc, and Vc) and one point on the vapor pressure cure are given. By using the functional relationships between the characteristic constants and the microscopic parameters, the molecular microscopic parameters of the substance can be obtained.展开更多
In this paper, the authors give a different and more precise analysis of the stability of the classical Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule for the Cauchy P.V. integrals on the half line. Moreover, in order to obtain this ...In this paper, the authors give a different and more precise analysis of the stability of the classical Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule for the Cauchy P.V. integrals on the half line. Moreover, in order to obtain this result they give some new estimates for the distance of the zeros of the Laguerre polynomials that can be useful also in other contests.展开更多
The availability of non-renewable energy sources such as crude oil, natural gas, coal etc., is fast diminishing. So the renewable energy sources such as solar, hydropower, geothermal, wind, tidal energy, are gaining m...The availability of non-renewable energy sources such as crude oil, natural gas, coal etc., is fast diminishing. So the renewable energy sources such as solar, hydropower, geothermal, wind, tidal energy, are gaining more and more importance. Many new developments to convert these renewable energy sources into usable forms are taking place. Most renewable energy sources are used to produce electricity. In this paper, a performance and efficiency simulation study of a smart-grid connected photovoltaic system using Chroma DC programmable power supply, AC programmable source and an Aurora Inverter is proposed. The simulation is performed in MATLAB environment where the Current-Voltage (I-V) and Power-Voltage (P-V) curves from the solar array simulator are generated and plotted. The proposed topology has been verified with satisfactory results. In addition, temperature and irradiance effects on I-V and P-V characteristic curves are verified. Also, the efficiency curves of the photovoltaic grid interface inverter are generated in the study. The MATLAB code developed in this paper is a valuable tool for design engineers comparing different inverters, calculating the optimum efficiency of a given inverter type.展开更多
基金co-supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB201103)the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2011ZX05004003)
文摘Secondary storage spaces with very complex geometries are well developed in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,which is taken as a study case in this paper.It is still not clear how the secondary storage space shape influences the P-＆ S-wave velocities （or elastic properties） in complex carbonate reservoirs.In this paper,three classical rock physics models （Wyllie timeaverage equation,Gassmann equation and the Kuster-Toks z model） are comparably analyzed for their construction principles and actual velocity prediction results,aiming at determining the most favourable rock physics model to consider the influence of secondary storage space shape.Then relationships between the P-＆ S-wave velocities in carbonate reservoirs and geometric shapes of secondary storage spaces are discussed from different aspects based on actual well data by employing the favourable rock physics model.To explain the influence of secondary storage space shape on V P-V S relationship,it is analyzed for the differences of S-wave velocities between derived from common empirical relationships （including Castagna＇s mud rock line and Greenberg-Castagna V P-V S relationship） and predicted by the rock physics model.We advocate that V P-V S relationship for complex carbonate reservoirs should be built for different storage space types.For the carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,the V P-V S relationships for fractured,fractured-cavernous,and fractured-hole-vuggy reservoirs are respectively built on the basis of velocity prediction and secondary storage space type determination.Through the discussion above,it is expected that the velocity prediction and the V P-V S relationships for complex carbonate reservoirs should fully consider the influence of secondary storage space shape,thus providing more reasonable constraints for prestack inversion,further building a foundation for realizing carbonate reservoir prediction and fluid prediction.
基金supported by Innovation Projects from Shanghai Municipal Education Committee,China(No.12YZ153)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(No.PCRRF12019)
文摘Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment. Compared to cationic pollutants, the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predominantly negative charges in neutral and alkaline environments. In this study, a cross-linked chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium and magnetic properties（QM-chitosan） was prepared and employed to remove chromium（VI） and phosphorus（V）（Cr（VI） and P（V）） from aqueous environments. The QM-chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FT-IR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）, energy dispersive X-ray（SEM-EDX） and zeta potential.Batch experiments show that QM-chitosan can effectively remove Cr（VI） and P（V）, and the main mechanism was believed to be electrostatic interaction. A pseudosecond-order model was fitted to describe the kinetic processes of Cr（VI） and P（V） removal. The adsorption isotherms of both Cr（VI） and P（V） on the QM-chitosan were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The saturated adsorption capacity of P（V）（2.783 mmol/g） was found to be higher than that of Cr（VI）（2.323 mmol/g）, resulting from the size of the H2PO-4ions being smaller than that of the HCr O-4ions. However, the theoretical calculation and experimental results showed that QM-chitosan had a stronger affinity for Cr（VI） than P（V）. The adsorption–desorption of the QM-chitosan was evaluated, and high regeneration rates were demonstrated.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China!(No. 298013)
文摘In this paper, the Martin-Hou equation of state is derived by using a power series representation of radial distribution function and an analytic representation of multi-section potential based on the Barker-Henderson hard-particle perturbation theory including high-order terms. In the derivation, a theoretical form of Martin-Hou equation was obtained. It had a similar form and the same capability to predict P-V-T properties as the Martin-Hou equation and no additional data were required for evaluating the constants. The characteristic constants of the theoretical expression have certain relationships with the molecular parameters.
基金supported by the State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China(Grant No.2014CB845905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41590621,41274087 & 41473011)the Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘The equations of state(EOSs)of MgO produced by two independent scale-free methods,(1)the simultaneous elastic wave velocity and in situ synchrotron X-ray measurements(Kono et al.,2010;Li et al.,2006)and(2)the first-principles calculations(Wu et al.,2008),agree well with each other to at least 150 GPa and 2000 K.Furthermore,the EOS from first-principles calculations also agrees well with shock wave data,another pressure-scale-free data.These agreements strongly support that these EOSs provide reliable absolute pressure scales.Here we evaluate Au and Pt EOSs based on the EOS of Wu et al.(2008)using the simultaneously measured volume data of MgO,Au,and Pt from the literature.The primary pressure scales developed by Tange et al.(2009)and Yokoo et al.(2009)using only pressure-scale-free experimental data of MgO,Au,and Pt produce internal consistent pressure and agree with EOS of Wu et al.(2008).The Au EOS by Tsuchiya(2003)works well at room temperature but underestimates pressure at high temperature.The Au EOS by Fei et al.(2007)can well describe thermal pressure.The EOSs of Pt by Holmes et al.(1989)and Ono et al.(2011)work well at both room temperature and high temperature.The results also suggest that the discrepancy between bulk modulus of iron from experiments(Mao et al.,1990)and those from Earth's core(Dziewonski and Anderson,1981)is not originated from the overestimation of pressure by the EOS of Holmes et al.(1989).At high pressure and temperature,pressure uncertainty resulted from volume error becomes similarly important as the accuracy of the pressure scale.
基金Supported by the Program for NCET-12-1060by the Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Foundation(2011JQ0019)+3 种基金FANEDD(201319)by Ten Thousand Talent Program of Sichuan Provinceby Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(16ZB0178)the starting funds of China West Normal University(17YC513,17C050)。
文摘We discuss the P-V criticality and the Joule-Thomson expansion of charged AdS black holes in the Rastall gravity. We find that although the equation-of-state of a charged AdS black hole in the Rastall gravity is related to the Rastall parameter λ, its reduced equation-of-state at the critical point is independent of the Rastall parameter λ, as is the case in the Einstein gravity where λ=0. This is the reason why the critical exponents are not related to the Rastall parameter λ. We also find that the inversion temperature Ti is related to the Rastall parameter λ,but that the minimum inversion temperature Timin and the ratio ε between the minimum inversion temperature and the critical temperature are both independent of the Rastall parameter λ. At the critical point, the thermodynamic evolution of a charged AdS black hole in the Rastall gravity behaves as in the van der Waals fluid and charged AdS black hole in the Einstein gravity. We show the inversion curves and isenthalpic curves in the T-P plane and analyze the effect of the Rastall constant λ on the inversion curves of a charged AdS black hole during the Joule-Thomson expansion.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 292051)
文摘A new equation of state is derived from the Barker-Henderson hard-sphere perturbation theory. It has the form similar to the Martin-Hou equation of state. The numerical values of the characteristic constants in the equation can be calculatrd by the method of Martin and Hou. The equation can he used to predictP-V-T properties accurately for fluids when the critical parameters (Tc,Pc, and Vc) and one point on the vapor pressure cure are given. By using the functional relationships between the characteristic constants and the microscopic parameters, the molecular microscopic parameters of the substance can be obtained.
文摘In this paper, the authors give a different and more precise analysis of the stability of the classical Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule for the Cauchy P.V. integrals on the half line. Moreover, in order to obtain this result they give some new estimates for the distance of the zeros of the Laguerre polynomials that can be useful also in other contests.
文摘The availability of non-renewable energy sources such as crude oil, natural gas, coal etc., is fast diminishing. So the renewable energy sources such as solar, hydropower, geothermal, wind, tidal energy, are gaining more and more importance. Many new developments to convert these renewable energy sources into usable forms are taking place. Most renewable energy sources are used to produce electricity. In this paper, a performance and efficiency simulation study of a smart-grid connected photovoltaic system using Chroma DC programmable power supply, AC programmable source and an Aurora Inverter is proposed. The simulation is performed in MATLAB environment where the Current-Voltage (I-V) and Power-Voltage (P-V) curves from the solar array simulator are generated and plotted. The proposed topology has been verified with satisfactory results. In addition, temperature and irradiance effects on I-V and P-V characteristic curves are verified. Also, the efficiency curves of the photovoltaic grid interface inverter are generated in the study. The MATLAB code developed in this paper is a valuable tool for design engineers comparing different inverters, calculating the optimum efficiency of a given inverter type.
