Approximately 80% of breast cancers(BC) are estrogen receptor(ER)-positive and thus endocrine therapy(ET) should be considered complementary to surgery in the majority of patients. The advantages of oophorectomy, adre...Approximately 80% of breast cancers(BC) are estrogen receptor(ER)-positive and thus endocrine therapy(ET) should be considered complementary to surgery in the majority of patients. The advantages of oophorectomy, adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy in women with advanced BC have been demonstrated many years ago, and currently ET consist of(1) ovarian function suppression(OFS), usually obtained using gonadotropinreleasing hormone agonists(Gn RHa);(2) selective estrogen receptor modulators or down-regulators(SERMs or SERDs); and(3) aromatase inhibitors(AIs), or a combination of two or more drugs. For patients aged less than 50 years and ER+ BC, there is no conclusive evidence that the combination of OFS and SERMs(i.e., tamoxifen) or chemotherapy is superior to OFS alone. Tamoxifen users exhibit a reduced risk of BC, both invasive and in situ, especially during the first 5 years of therapy, and extending the treatment to 10 years further reduced the risk of recurrences. SERDs(i.e., fulvestrant) are especially useful in the neoadjuvant treatment of advanced BC, alone or in combination with either cytotoxic agents or AIs. There are two types of AIs: type Ⅰ are permanent steroidal inhibitors of aromatase, while type Ⅱ are reversible nonsteroidal inhibitors. Several studies demonstrated the superiority of the third-generation AIs(i.e., anastrozole and letrozole) compared with tamoxifen, and adjuvant therapy with AIs reduces the recurrence risk especially in patients with advanced BC. Unfortunately, some cancers are or became ET-resistant, and thus other drugs have been suggested in combination with SERMs or AIs, including cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors(palbociclib) and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) inhibitors, such as everolimus. Further studies are required to confirm their real usefulness.展开更多
中国乳腺癌患者发病年龄较轻,60%的女性患者在诊断时为绝经前。与绝经后相比,未绝经女性卵巢功能旺盛,可持续大量分泌雌激素、促进乳腺癌细胞增殖。卵巢功能抑制(ovarian function suppression,OFS)已用于乳腺癌临床治疗数十年,大量循...中国乳腺癌患者发病年龄较轻,60%的女性患者在诊断时为绝经前。与绝经后相比,未绝经女性卵巢功能旺盛,可持续大量分泌雌激素、促进乳腺癌细胞增殖。卵巢功能抑制(ovarian function suppression,OFS)已用于乳腺癌临床治疗数十年,大量循证证据表明,单用OFS和加用OFS均可降低未绝经女性乳腺癌的复发风险并改善生存。部分OFS研究的长期随访数据(SOFT/TEXT研究12和13年随访、STO-5研究20年随访、亚裔人群的ASTRRA研究8年随访)近期陆续公布,进一步证实对于早期乳腺癌患者加用OFS可显著降低10年以上的复发风险,提高治愈可能。monarchE和NATALEE研究显示,部分CDK4/6抑制剂叠加在绝经前早期乳腺癌患者含有药物去势[促性腺激素释放激素类似物(gonadotropin releasing hormone analog,GnRHa)]的辅助内分泌治疗方案时仍可进一步增加生存获益。中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会召集了国内乳腺癌治疗领域的临床专家,在2021年版的基础上共同商讨编制了《中国早期乳腺癌卵巢功能抑制临床应用专家共识(2024年版)》。本共识建议,GnRHa仍作为绝经前激素受体阳性早期乳腺癌OFS方式的首选。GnRHa联合内分泌治疗基础上添加特定CDK4/6抑制剂的激素受体阳性绝经前乳腺癌获益人群包括:淋巴结阳性,淋巴结阴性且满足任一条件[G3,G2伴Ki-67增殖指数≥20%,G2伴多基因检测(21基因评分、Prosigna PAM50、MammaPrint、EndoPredict)高危]。本共识也认可将2023年St.Gallen共识中有化疗指征的风险因素作为OFS适用判定标准之一。GnRHa用药推荐根据激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者化疗前的卵巢功能状态进行决策。如果考虑卵巢保护,推荐GnRHa同步化疗,不影响患者生存获益;如果不考虑卵巢保护,GnRHa同步化疗和GnRHa在化疗结束后序贯使用均被认可,后者更为推荐。围绝经期患者的内分泌治疗建议参照绝经前方案。GnRHa辅助内分泌治疗�展开更多
内分泌治疗在激素受体阳性乳腺癌中扮演着至关重要的角色,并与患者的绝经状态密切相关。本文旨在深入探讨关于乳腺癌患者绝经状态判断的两个关键问题。第一,针对绝经前患者添加卵巢功能抑制(ovarian function suppression,OFS)治疗后,...内分泌治疗在激素受体阳性乳腺癌中扮演着至关重要的角色,并与患者的绝经状态密切相关。本文旨在深入探讨关于乳腺癌患者绝经状态判断的两个关键问题。第一,针对绝经前患者添加卵巢功能抑制(ovarian function suppression,OFS)治疗后,雌二醇(estradiol,E2)数值仍超标,可能存在“真性”超标和“假性”超标两种情况,氟维司群、阿贝西利、依西美坦及他莫昔芬等内分泌治疗药物可能干扰E2测定结果,需要警惕检测性“假性”超标的可能性。第二,在判断OFS治疗下患者是否已进入生理性绝经状态时,需考虑化疗对绝经状态的影响、围绝经期内分泌变化的复杂性等因素。建议根据患者年龄及内分泌治疗方案,考虑转换治疗并定期监测血清E2和卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)水平,针对疑难情况可综合抗缪勒管激素(anti-Mullerian hormone,AMH)、抑制素B(inhibin B,INHB)和雄激素等指标进行评估。展开更多
背景与目的:内分泌治疗已经是激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者手术后辅助治疗的常规手段之一。本研究旨在分析影响可手术乳腺癌患者接受卵巢功能抑制(ovarian function suppression,OFS)治疗后短期效应(雌激素抑制效果)和长期生存(无病生存期)...背景与目的:内分泌治疗已经是激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者手术后辅助治疗的常规手段之一。本研究旨在分析影响可手术乳腺癌患者接受卵巢功能抑制(ovarian function suppression,OFS)治疗后短期效应(雌激素抑制效果)和长期生存(无病生存期)的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2017年6月—2019年6月于复旦大学附属肿瘤医院行手术且完成术后标准化疗和内分泌治疗(OFS联合他莫昔芬或芳香化酶抑制剂)的435例雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)阳性乳腺癌患者的临床病理学资料和无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析对雌激素抑制效应有影响的因素,并运用log-rank检验和Cox比例风险回归模型分析对患者DFS有影响的因素。结果:OFS治疗后,年龄≤35岁患者雌激素抑制失败率为8.7%,显著高于35~40岁患者1%的雌激素抑制失败率(P<0.05);不同OFS药物如戈舍瑞林和亮丙瑞林的雌激素抑制作用基本一致(P>0.05)。内分泌治疗方案(HR=0.49,P<0.05)、腋窝淋巴结状态(HR=4.21,P<0.05)和肿瘤直径(HR=2.00,P<0.05)均是患者DFS的独立预后因素;虽然雌激素抑制失败患者倾向预后较差(P=0.10),但不同OFS药物对降低复发转移的疗效也一致。结论:年龄是乳腺癌患者采用OFS治疗后短期雌激素抑制失败的独立危险因素;内分泌药物、腋窝淋巴结状态以及肿瘤直径会影响ER阳性可手术乳腺癌患者的长期预后;无论是戈舍瑞林还是亮丙瑞林对患者降低雌激素水平和长期无病生存期差异无统计学意义。展开更多
文摘Approximately 80% of breast cancers(BC) are estrogen receptor(ER)-positive and thus endocrine therapy(ET) should be considered complementary to surgery in the majority of patients. The advantages of oophorectomy, adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy in women with advanced BC have been demonstrated many years ago, and currently ET consist of(1) ovarian function suppression(OFS), usually obtained using gonadotropinreleasing hormone agonists(Gn RHa);(2) selective estrogen receptor modulators or down-regulators(SERMs or SERDs); and(3) aromatase inhibitors(AIs), or a combination of two or more drugs. For patients aged less than 50 years and ER+ BC, there is no conclusive evidence that the combination of OFS and SERMs(i.e., tamoxifen) or chemotherapy is superior to OFS alone. Tamoxifen users exhibit a reduced risk of BC, both invasive and in situ, especially during the first 5 years of therapy, and extending the treatment to 10 years further reduced the risk of recurrences. SERDs(i.e., fulvestrant) are especially useful in the neoadjuvant treatment of advanced BC, alone or in combination with either cytotoxic agents or AIs. There are two types of AIs: type Ⅰ are permanent steroidal inhibitors of aromatase, while type Ⅱ are reversible nonsteroidal inhibitors. Several studies demonstrated the superiority of the third-generation AIs(i.e., anastrozole and letrozole) compared with tamoxifen, and adjuvant therapy with AIs reduces the recurrence risk especially in patients with advanced BC. Unfortunately, some cancers are or became ET-resistant, and thus other drugs have been suggested in combination with SERMs or AIs, including cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors(palbociclib) and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) inhibitors, such as everolimus. Further studies are required to confirm their real usefulness.
文摘背景与目的:内分泌治疗已经是激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者手术后辅助治疗的常规手段之一。本研究旨在分析影响可手术乳腺癌患者接受卵巢功能抑制(ovarian function suppression,OFS)治疗后短期效应(雌激素抑制效果)和长期生存(无病生存期)的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2017年6月—2019年6月于复旦大学附属肿瘤医院行手术且完成术后标准化疗和内分泌治疗(OFS联合他莫昔芬或芳香化酶抑制剂)的435例雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)阳性乳腺癌患者的临床病理学资料和无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析对雌激素抑制效应有影响的因素,并运用log-rank检验和Cox比例风险回归模型分析对患者DFS有影响的因素。结果:OFS治疗后,年龄≤35岁患者雌激素抑制失败率为8.7%,显著高于35~40岁患者1%的雌激素抑制失败率(P<0.05);不同OFS药物如戈舍瑞林和亮丙瑞林的雌激素抑制作用基本一致(P>0.05)。内分泌治疗方案(HR=0.49,P<0.05)、腋窝淋巴结状态(HR=4.21,P<0.05)和肿瘤直径(HR=2.00,P<0.05)均是患者DFS的独立预后因素;虽然雌激素抑制失败患者倾向预后较差(P=0.10),但不同OFS药物对降低复发转移的疗效也一致。结论:年龄是乳腺癌患者采用OFS治疗后短期雌激素抑制失败的独立危险因素;内分泌药物、腋窝淋巴结状态以及肿瘤直径会影响ER阳性可手术乳腺癌患者的长期预后;无论是戈舍瑞林还是亮丙瑞林对患者降低雌激素水平和长期无病生存期差异无统计学意义。
