目的:探讨达格列净和坎地沙坦联用对糖尿病肾脏尿液浓缩调节的影响。方法:尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病大鼠,以达格列净1mg/（kg·d）及坎地沙坦2mg/（kg·d）的剂量灌胃给药7d,代谢笼实验收集24h尿,监测血糖、尿糖、...目的:探讨达格列净和坎地沙坦联用对糖尿病肾脏尿液浓缩调节的影响。方法:尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病大鼠,以达格列净1mg/（kg·d）及坎地沙坦2mg/（kg·d）的剂量灌胃给药7d,代谢笼实验收集24h尿,监测血糖、尿糖、血Na+,K+,Cl-浓度、24h尿量、尿渗透压;分离肾皮质、外髓、内髓尖端、内髓基底段,Western Blot检测外髓钠-钾-氯共转运蛋白（NKCC2）、内髓尿素转运蛋白A1（UT-A1）、内髓水通道蛋白2（AQP2）蛋白表达。结果:与未治疗糖尿病组相比,达格列净单用,达格列净和坎地沙坦联用分别降低血糖47%和42%,而三组尿糖浓度（mmol/L）相当（513.3±22.8 vs 569.2±18.7 vs 533.3±34.6）,与正常对照组相比,三组糖尿病大鼠出现多尿、尿渗透压降低,但与未治疗糖尿病组相比,两治疗组都减轻了多尿程度[24h尿量（ml）:135±19 vs 83±5 vs 70±13,P<0.05],也改善了尿渗透压（mOsm/kg H2O）（751±41 vs 1 067±31 vs 1 189±154,P<0.05）。Western Blot分析显示糖尿病大鼠肾组织内NKCC2、UT-A1及AQP2较正常对照组明显升高。与未治疗糖尿病组相比,达格列净治疗进一步升高了内髓尖端UT-A1蛋白表达。达格列净和坎地沙坦联用组则进一步上调了内髓尖端UT-A1和外髓NKCC2蛋白表达。结论:达格列净和坎地沙坦联用进一步上调了糖尿病肾髓质UTA1和NKCC2蛋白表达,较达格列净单用进一步减轻高尿糖渗透性利尿程度,这提示钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体抑制剂（ARB）联用有利于防止单用SGLT2抑制剂所致的容量丢失和电解质紊乱。展开更多
The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, Na+ concentration and Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill of Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na+ c...The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, Na+ concentration and Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill of Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na+ concentration increased signifi- cantly (P<0.05), and the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gills decreased significantly (P<0.05) when salinity increased from 0 to 16. The hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na+ concentration in each treatment group rose remarkably at 0.125 d or 0.25 d, while the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill reduced gradually with increased experiment time in 3 d. Then the three parameters remained at a constant level after 0.25 d, 0.125 d and 3 d, respectively, and higher hemolymph osmotic pressure, higher Na+ concentration and lower Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill occurred at higher salinity. The effect of salinity change on protein concentration of hemolymph was indistinct (P>0.05); However, the protein concentration decreased gradually with the increase of salinity from 0.25 d to 1 d, and then tended to be stable from day 1 to day 15.展开更多
Impedance measurements using graphite electrodes were used to detect the increase in culture medium conductivity due to bacteria growth in real time along with simultaneous voltammetric monitoring of pyocyanin concent...Impedance measurements using graphite electrodes were used to detect the increase in culture medium conductivity due to bacteria growth in real time along with simultaneous voltammetric monitoring of pyocyanin concentration.Electrochemical methods were compared to conventional continuous monitoring of bacterial cultures using turbidity measurement at an optical density of 600 nm(OD600).A practical osmotic system was further designed for concentrating bacterial cultures during growth to enable earlier detection using the electrochemical methods.Bacterial cultures,starting from an initial culture density of 1×10^(8) cells/mL,were grown inside a sealed cellulose ester dialysis membrane,while polyethylene glycol in LB medium was used as the draw solution outside the membrane to gradually concentrate the growing cultures.0.7-mm-diameter graphite for mechanical pencils was utilized as working and counter electrodes with a platinum wire reference electrode for electrochemical measurements with and without the osmotic system.In the absence of forward osmosis,impedance meas-urements detected culture growth~1 h faster than conventional OD600.Integrating osmosis showed a twofold decrease in the time to detect pyocyanin production as an indicator for bacterial growth.For impedance monitoring,removal of water by osmosis was conflated with the impedance decrease due to cell growth;however,the results show a promising ability to detect bacteria growth via an observed shift in osmotic impedance profile when bacteria are present in a sample.By monitoring the deviation in the impedance profile,a threefold improvement in detection time was achieved when compared to conventional OD600 measurements.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨达格列净和坎地沙坦联用对糖尿病肾脏尿液浓缩调节的影响。方法:尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病大鼠,以达格列净1mg/（kg·d）及坎地沙坦2mg/（kg·d）的剂量灌胃给药7d,代谢笼实验收集24h尿,监测血糖、尿糖、血Na+,K+,Cl-浓度、24h尿量、尿渗透压;分离肾皮质、外髓、内髓尖端、内髓基底段,Western Blot检测外髓钠-钾-氯共转运蛋白（NKCC2）、内髓尿素转运蛋白A1（UT-A1）、内髓水通道蛋白2（AQP2）蛋白表达。结果:与未治疗糖尿病组相比,达格列净单用,达格列净和坎地沙坦联用分别降低血糖47%和42%,而三组尿糖浓度（mmol/L）相当（513.3±22.8 vs 569.2±18.7 vs 533.3±34.6）,与正常对照组相比,三组糖尿病大鼠出现多尿、尿渗透压降低,但与未治疗糖尿病组相比,两治疗组都减轻了多尿程度[24h尿量（ml）:135±19 vs 83±5 vs 70±13,P<0.05],也改善了尿渗透压（mOsm/kg H2O）（751±41 vs 1 067±31 vs 1 189±154,P<0.05）。Western Blot分析显示糖尿病大鼠肾组织内NKCC2、UT-A1及AQP2较正常对照组明显升高。与未治疗糖尿病组相比,达格列净治疗进一步升高了内髓尖端UT-A1蛋白表达。达格列净和坎地沙坦联用组则进一步上调了内髓尖端UT-A1和外髓NKCC2蛋白表达。结论:达格列净和坎地沙坦联用进一步上调了糖尿病肾髓质UTA1和NKCC2蛋白表达,较达格列净单用进一步减轻高尿糖渗透性利尿程度,这提示钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体抑制剂（ARB）联用有利于防止单用SGLT2抑制剂所致的容量丢失和电解质紊乱。
文摘The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, Na+ concentration and Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill of Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na+ concentration increased signifi- cantly (P<0.05), and the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gills decreased significantly (P<0.05) when salinity increased from 0 to 16. The hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na+ concentration in each treatment group rose remarkably at 0.125 d or 0.25 d, while the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill reduced gradually with increased experiment time in 3 d. Then the three parameters remained at a constant level after 0.25 d, 0.125 d and 3 d, respectively, and higher hemolymph osmotic pressure, higher Na+ concentration and lower Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill occurred at higher salinity. The effect of salinity change on protein concentration of hemolymph was indistinct (P>0.05); However, the protein concentration decreased gradually with the increase of salinity from 0.25 d to 1 d, and then tended to be stable from day 1 to day 15.
基金This work was supported in part by award#1740961 from the National Science Foundation.
文摘Impedance measurements using graphite electrodes were used to detect the increase in culture medium conductivity due to bacteria growth in real time along with simultaneous voltammetric monitoring of pyocyanin concentration.Electrochemical methods were compared to conventional continuous monitoring of bacterial cultures using turbidity measurement at an optical density of 600 nm(OD600).A practical osmotic system was further designed for concentrating bacterial cultures during growth to enable earlier detection using the electrochemical methods.Bacterial cultures,starting from an initial culture density of 1×10^(8) cells/mL,were grown inside a sealed cellulose ester dialysis membrane,while polyethylene glycol in LB medium was used as the draw solution outside the membrane to gradually concentrate the growing cultures.0.7-mm-diameter graphite for mechanical pencils was utilized as working and counter electrodes with a platinum wire reference electrode for electrochemical measurements with and without the osmotic system.In the absence of forward osmosis,impedance meas-urements detected culture growth~1 h faster than conventional OD600.Integrating osmosis showed a twofold decrease in the time to detect pyocyanin production as an indicator for bacterial growth.For impedance monitoring,removal of water by osmosis was conflated with the impedance decrease due to cell growth;however,the results show a promising ability to detect bacteria growth via an observed shift in osmotic impedance profile when bacteria are present in a sample.By monitoring the deviation in the impedance profile,a threefold improvement in detection time was achieved when compared to conventional OD600 measurements.
