目的验证欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)膀胱癌预后风险评分表对我国非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)患者预后判断的准确性。方法按...目的验证欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)膀胱癌预后风险评分表对我国非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)患者预后判断的准确性。方法按照EORTC评分标准对225例NMIBC患者进行评分并按得分高低分组,寿命表法计算每组患者的1年和5年实际复发率及进展率,LogRank检验行组间比较并与EORTC评分表相应结果对比。多因素分析筛选影响NMIBC预后的独立因素。结果低、中、高复发风险者分别32、109、84例,低、中、高进展风险者分别25、128、72例。低、中、高复发及进展风险组术后1年复发率和进展率分别为15.1%、31.2%、55.5%和0.3%、2.0%、15.5%;术后5年复发率和进展率分别为28.2%、55.2%、75.0%和1.4%、12.9%、54.7%。除高进展风险组5年进展率略高外,其余均接近EORTC评分表。各组间相比,复发率及进展率的差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。多因素分析表明,EORTC评分为影响NMIBC患者术后复发及进展风险的独立因素(P〈0.01)。结论EORTC风险评估表使用简便,可以按照复发及进展风险概率将患者准确分层,值得推广应用。展开更多
目的评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancerrisktables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月...目的评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancerrisktables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta 128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G2 53例、G3 45例;肿瘤数目为单发、2~7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径〈3cm者131例、≥3cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例。185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗。采用电话随访方式,随访6~77个月,平均36个月。应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较。结果185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%)。根据患者实际情况计算,0、1~4、5~9、10~17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2~6、7~13、14~23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15)。经Х^2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证。展开更多
AIM: To compare quality of life (QoL) outcomes in Chinese patients after curative laparoscopic vs open surgery for rectal cancer. METHODS: Eligible Chinese patients with rectal cancer undergoing curative laparoscopic ...AIM: To compare quality of life (QoL) outcomes in Chinese patients after curative laparoscopic vs open surgery for rectal cancer. METHODS: Eligible Chinese patients with rectal cancer undergoing curative laparoscopic or open sphincterpreserving resection between July 2006 and July 2008 were enrolled in this prospective study. The QoL outcomes were assessed longitudinally using the validated Chinese versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQCR38 questionnaires before surgery and at 4, 8, and 12 mo after surgery. The QoL scores at the different time points were compared between the laparoscopic and open groups. A higher score on a functional scale indicated better functioning, whereas a higher score on a symptom scale indicated a higher degree of symptoms.RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (49 laparoscopic and 25 open) were enrolled. The two groups of patients were comparable in terms of sociodemographic data, types of surgery, tumor staging, and baseline mean QoL scores. There was no significant decrease from baseline in global QoL for the laparoscopic group at different time points, whereas the global QoL was worse compared to baseline beginning at 4 mo but returned to baseline by 12 mo for the open group (P = 0.019, Friedman test). Compared to the open group, the laparoscopic group had significantly better physical (89.9±1.4 vs 79.2±3.7, P = 0.016), role (85.0±3.4 vs 63.3±6.9, P = 0.005), and cognitive (73.5±3.4 vs 50.7±6.2, P = 0.002) functioning at 8 mo, fewer micturition problems at 4-8 mo (4 mo: 32.3±4.7 vs 54.7±7.1, P = 0.011; 8 mo: 22.8±4.0 vs 40.7±6.9, P = 0.020), and fewer male sexual problems from 8 mo onward (20.0±8.5 vs 76.7±14.5, P = 0.013). At 12 mo after surgery, no significant differences were observed in any functional or symptom scale between the two groups, with the exception of male sexual problems, which remained worse in the open group (29.2±11.3 vs 80.0±9.7, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic sphincter-preserving resection for rect展开更多
目的基于倾向性评分匹配法探讨复方守宫散辅助治疗晚期结直肠恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法采用倾向性评分匹配法,将匹配成功的70例患者分为对照组(化学治疗)和观察组(复方守宫散联合化学治疗),每组35例;比较两组患者瘤体客观疗效[客观缓解率(ob...目的基于倾向性评分匹配法探讨复方守宫散辅助治疗晚期结直肠恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法采用倾向性评分匹配法,将匹配成功的70例患者分为对照组(化学治疗)和观察组(复方守宫散联合化学治疗),每组35例;比较两组患者瘤体客观疗效[客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR),疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)]、生活质量评分、免疫功能指标、安全性指标,并对生存期进行分析。结果观察组ORR、DCR优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后功能维度(躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能),症状领域(疲劳、疼痛、恶心呕吐)评分改善程度显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者血清CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、自然杀伤细胞水平,CD4+/CD8+均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患者总不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的中位无进展生存期显著高于对照组(P<0.05),中位总生存期高于对照组(P>0.05)。结论相较于单纯化学治疗,复方守宫散与化学治疗联合应用能显著提高疗效,增强机体免疫力,改善晚期结直肠癌患者生活质量,降低化学治疗的毒性及不良反应,在一定程度上延长患者生存时间。展开更多
目的:验证和研究欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)风险量表对我国接受术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)患者预后判断的...目的:验证和研究欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)风险量表对我国接受术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)患者预后判断的效果。方法:回顾性分析2003年5月~2010年12月期间297例接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切(transurethral resection of bladder cancer,TURBT)的NMIBC患者的临床病理资料,所有患者均在术后24小时内接受了首次膀胱灌注化疗。按照EORTC量表的评分原则计算出每位患者的复发和进展评分,并根据得分将所有患者进行风险分层。随访各危险组患者术后复发和进展情况,并将分析结果同量表参考值比较。结果:随访时间23~115个月,平均53个月。随访过程中共122例患者(41%)复发,多因素分析显示复发性肿瘤、G2~3级肿瘤和未在TURBT后6小时内进行首次膀胱灌注化疗是复发的独立危险因素;19例患者(6%)术后进展,独立危险因素包括复发性肿瘤、T1期肿瘤、G3期肿瘤和同时存在原位癌。根据EORTC量表进行复发风险分层后,各组间实际复发率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与EORTC量表参考值相比,低危组(0分)1年及5年复发率均低于参考范围;中危患者(1~9分)的1年复发率低于参考范围,而5年复发率与参考范围相近;高危组(10~17分)1年及5年复发率可信区间均包含EORTC量表的参考范围。进展风险分层除低危组(0分)与中低危组(2~6分)间的实际进展率差异无统计学意义(P=0.10)外,其它各组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);各风险组实际进展率均接近EORTC的参考范围。结论:EORTC量表对于接受术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗的中国NMIBC患者具有预后价值,但低危患者的实际复发率和中危患者的短期实际复发率低于该量表的参考值。展开更多
目的:探讨生存期3年以上急性白血病患者生活质量及其影响因素。方法:采用一般状况调查问卷、癌症患者生活质量测定量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC QLQ-C30)中文版、体能状况评估表(ECOG)对73...目的:探讨生存期3年以上急性白血病患者生活质量及其影响因素。方法:采用一般状况调查问卷、癌症患者生活质量测定量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC QLQ-C30)中文版、体能状况评估表(ECOG)对73例生存期3年以上急性白血病患者进行问卷调查。结果:生存期3年以上急性白血病患者生活质量总分为(82.2±20.7)分,其中躯体功能得分最高,社会功能得分最低。在症状维度中,恶心呕吐症状最轻微,经济困难情况最严重。影响急性白血病患者生活质量总健康状况的因素为:体能状况、是否恢复工作。结论:生存期3年以上急性白血病患者生活质量得到改善,癌症相关症状得到控制。可根据患者体能状况及恢复工作情况给与康复指导,提高其生活质量。展开更多
目的观察电针缓解癌痛患者阿片耐受的临床疗效。方法将60例癌痛患者随机分为电针组和对照组,每组30例。两组均使用阿片类药物进行镇痛治疗,电针组取双侧内关和足三里穴进行电针治疗,对照组取双侧内关和足三里穴旁开15 mm处非穴位点进行...目的观察电针缓解癌痛患者阿片耐受的临床疗效。方法将60例癌痛患者随机分为电针组和对照组,每组30例。两组均使用阿片类药物进行镇痛治疗,电针组取双侧内关和足三里穴进行电针治疗,对照组取双侧内关和足三里穴旁开15 mm处非穴位点进行电针治疗。观察两组阿片耐受指数、爆发痛的次数和疼痛缓解持续时间,比较两组治疗前后数字等级评定量表(numeric rating scale,NRS)和欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量核心量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire-C30,EORTC QLQ-C30)评分变化,并比较两组不良反应发生率。结果电针组阿片耐受指数低于对照组(P<0.05),爆发痛次数低于对照组(P<0.05),疼痛缓解持续时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。电针组治疗后情绪、躯体、认知和社会功能及总体健康评分高于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05);电针组治疗后疲倦、恶心呕吐、疼痛、气促、失眠、食欲丧失和便秘评分低于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05)。电针组恶心呕吐和便秘的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论电针可减少癌痛患者镇痛治疗期间阿片耐受的发生,减轻疼痛,提高生活质量。展开更多
Objective: To develop an improved version of the Quality-of-Life Assessment instrument for Lung Cancer Patients Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (QLASTCM-Lu) and to evaluate its psychometric property. Methods: Th...Objective: To develop an improved version of the Quality-of-Life Assessment instrument for Lung Cancer Patients Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (QLASTCM-Lu) and to evaluate its psychometric property. Methods: The structured group method and the theory in developing rating scale were employed to revise the preliminary scale. The psychometric property (reliability, validity, and responsiveness) of the established QLASTCM-Lu (modified) were evaluated by quality of life data measured in 100 lung cancer patients. Statistical analyses were made accordingly by way of correlation analysis, factor analysis and paired t-test. Results: The internal consistency reliability of the overall scale and all domains was from 0.80 to 0.94. Correlation and factor analyses demonstrated that the scale was good in construct validity. The criterion validity was formed with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire- Lung Cancer (EORTC QLQ-LC43) as the criterion. Statistically significant changes were found apart from such domain as "mental condition" and "social function", with the standardized response means being close to those of QLQ-LC43. Conclusion: QLASTCM-Lu (modified) could be used to measure the quality of life of lung cancer patients with good reliability, validity and a certain degree of responsiveness.展开更多
文摘目的验证欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)膀胱癌预后风险评分表对我国非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)患者预后判断的准确性。方法按照EORTC评分标准对225例NMIBC患者进行评分并按得分高低分组,寿命表法计算每组患者的1年和5年实际复发率及进展率,LogRank检验行组间比较并与EORTC评分表相应结果对比。多因素分析筛选影响NMIBC预后的独立因素。结果低、中、高复发风险者分别32、109、84例,低、中、高进展风险者分别25、128、72例。低、中、高复发及进展风险组术后1年复发率和进展率分别为15.1%、31.2%、55.5%和0.3%、2.0%、15.5%;术后5年复发率和进展率分别为28.2%、55.2%、75.0%和1.4%、12.9%、54.7%。除高进展风险组5年进展率略高外,其余均接近EORTC评分表。各组间相比,复发率及进展率的差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。多因素分析表明,EORTC评分为影响NMIBC患者术后复发及进展风险的独立因素(P〈0.01)。结论EORTC风险评估表使用简便,可以按照复发及进展风险概率将患者准确分层,值得推广应用。
文摘目的评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancerrisktables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta 128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G2 53例、G3 45例;肿瘤数目为单发、2~7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径〈3cm者131例、≥3cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例。185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗。采用电话随访方式,随访6~77个月,平均36个月。应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较。结果185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%)。根据患者实际情况计算,0、1~4、5~9、10~17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2~6、7~13、14~23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15)。经Х^2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证。
文摘AIM: To compare quality of life (QoL) outcomes in Chinese patients after curative laparoscopic vs open surgery for rectal cancer. METHODS: Eligible Chinese patients with rectal cancer undergoing curative laparoscopic or open sphincterpreserving resection between July 2006 and July 2008 were enrolled in this prospective study. The QoL outcomes were assessed longitudinally using the validated Chinese versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQCR38 questionnaires before surgery and at 4, 8, and 12 mo after surgery. The QoL scores at the different time points were compared between the laparoscopic and open groups. A higher score on a functional scale indicated better functioning, whereas a higher score on a symptom scale indicated a higher degree of symptoms.RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (49 laparoscopic and 25 open) were enrolled. The two groups of patients were comparable in terms of sociodemographic data, types of surgery, tumor staging, and baseline mean QoL scores. There was no significant decrease from baseline in global QoL for the laparoscopic group at different time points, whereas the global QoL was worse compared to baseline beginning at 4 mo but returned to baseline by 12 mo for the open group (P = 0.019, Friedman test). Compared to the open group, the laparoscopic group had significantly better physical (89.9±1.4 vs 79.2±3.7, P = 0.016), role (85.0±3.4 vs 63.3±6.9, P = 0.005), and cognitive (73.5±3.4 vs 50.7±6.2, P = 0.002) functioning at 8 mo, fewer micturition problems at 4-8 mo (4 mo: 32.3±4.7 vs 54.7±7.1, P = 0.011; 8 mo: 22.8±4.0 vs 40.7±6.9, P = 0.020), and fewer male sexual problems from 8 mo onward (20.0±8.5 vs 76.7±14.5, P = 0.013). At 12 mo after surgery, no significant differences were observed in any functional or symptom scale between the two groups, with the exception of male sexual problems, which remained worse in the open group (29.2±11.3 vs 80.0±9.7, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic sphincter-preserving resection for rect
文摘目的基于倾向性评分匹配法探讨复方守宫散辅助治疗晚期结直肠恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法采用倾向性评分匹配法,将匹配成功的70例患者分为对照组(化学治疗)和观察组(复方守宫散联合化学治疗),每组35例;比较两组患者瘤体客观疗效[客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR),疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)]、生活质量评分、免疫功能指标、安全性指标,并对生存期进行分析。结果观察组ORR、DCR优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后功能维度(躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能),症状领域(疲劳、疼痛、恶心呕吐)评分改善程度显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者血清CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、自然杀伤细胞水平,CD4+/CD8+均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患者总不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的中位无进展生存期显著高于对照组(P<0.05),中位总生存期高于对照组(P>0.05)。结论相较于单纯化学治疗,复方守宫散与化学治疗联合应用能显著提高疗效,增强机体免疫力,改善晚期结直肠癌患者生活质量,降低化学治疗的毒性及不良反应,在一定程度上延长患者生存时间。
文摘目的:验证和研究欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)风险量表对我国接受术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)患者预后判断的效果。方法:回顾性分析2003年5月~2010年12月期间297例接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切(transurethral resection of bladder cancer,TURBT)的NMIBC患者的临床病理资料,所有患者均在术后24小时内接受了首次膀胱灌注化疗。按照EORTC量表的评分原则计算出每位患者的复发和进展评分,并根据得分将所有患者进行风险分层。随访各危险组患者术后复发和进展情况,并将分析结果同量表参考值比较。结果:随访时间23~115个月,平均53个月。随访过程中共122例患者(41%)复发,多因素分析显示复发性肿瘤、G2~3级肿瘤和未在TURBT后6小时内进行首次膀胱灌注化疗是复发的独立危险因素;19例患者(6%)术后进展,独立危险因素包括复发性肿瘤、T1期肿瘤、G3期肿瘤和同时存在原位癌。根据EORTC量表进行复发风险分层后,各组间实际复发率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与EORTC量表参考值相比,低危组(0分)1年及5年复发率均低于参考范围;中危患者(1~9分)的1年复发率低于参考范围,而5年复发率与参考范围相近;高危组(10~17分)1年及5年复发率可信区间均包含EORTC量表的参考范围。进展风险分层除低危组(0分)与中低危组(2~6分)间的实际进展率差异无统计学意义(P=0.10)外,其它各组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);各风险组实际进展率均接近EORTC的参考范围。结论:EORTC量表对于接受术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗的中国NMIBC患者具有预后价值,但低危患者的实际复发率和中危患者的短期实际复发率低于该量表的参考值。
文摘目的:探讨生存期3年以上急性白血病患者生活质量及其影响因素。方法:采用一般状况调查问卷、癌症患者生活质量测定量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC QLQ-C30)中文版、体能状况评估表(ECOG)对73例生存期3年以上急性白血病患者进行问卷调查。结果:生存期3年以上急性白血病患者生活质量总分为(82.2±20.7)分,其中躯体功能得分最高,社会功能得分最低。在症状维度中,恶心呕吐症状最轻微,经济困难情况最严重。影响急性白血病患者生活质量总健康状况的因素为:体能状况、是否恢复工作。结论:生存期3年以上急性白血病患者生活质量得到改善,癌症相关症状得到控制。可根据患者体能状况及恢复工作情况给与康复指导,提高其生活质量。
文摘目的观察电针缓解癌痛患者阿片耐受的临床疗效。方法将60例癌痛患者随机分为电针组和对照组,每组30例。两组均使用阿片类药物进行镇痛治疗,电针组取双侧内关和足三里穴进行电针治疗,对照组取双侧内关和足三里穴旁开15 mm处非穴位点进行电针治疗。观察两组阿片耐受指数、爆发痛的次数和疼痛缓解持续时间,比较两组治疗前后数字等级评定量表(numeric rating scale,NRS)和欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量核心量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire-C30,EORTC QLQ-C30)评分变化,并比较两组不良反应发生率。结果电针组阿片耐受指数低于对照组(P<0.05),爆发痛次数低于对照组(P<0.05),疼痛缓解持续时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。电针组治疗后情绪、躯体、认知和社会功能及总体健康评分高于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05);电针组治疗后疲倦、恶心呕吐、疼痛、气促、失眠、食欲丧失和便秘评分低于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05)。电针组恶心呕吐和便秘的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论电针可减少癌痛患者镇痛治疗期间阿片耐受的发生,减轻疼痛,提高生活质量。
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(No.14401930700,17401930900)
文摘Objective: To develop an improved version of the Quality-of-Life Assessment instrument for Lung Cancer Patients Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (QLASTCM-Lu) and to evaluate its psychometric property. Methods: The structured group method and the theory in developing rating scale were employed to revise the preliminary scale. The psychometric property (reliability, validity, and responsiveness) of the established QLASTCM-Lu (modified) were evaluated by quality of life data measured in 100 lung cancer patients. Statistical analyses were made accordingly by way of correlation analysis, factor analysis and paired t-test. Results: The internal consistency reliability of the overall scale and all domains was from 0.80 to 0.94. Correlation and factor analyses demonstrated that the scale was good in construct validity. The criterion validity was formed with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire- Lung Cancer (EORTC QLQ-LC43) as the criterion. Statistically significant changes were found apart from such domain as "mental condition" and "social function", with the standardized response means being close to those of QLQ-LC43. Conclusion: QLASTCM-Lu (modified) could be used to measure the quality of life of lung cancer patients with good reliability, validity and a certain degree of responsiveness.