以洛川、礼泉县作为黄土高原新、老苹果产区的代表,调查了两县400余个果园化肥养分投入情况,测定了两县各15个成龄果园0~40 cm土壤养分状况,旨在比较新、老果区的养分管理现状和土壤养分状况,为苹果园的合理施肥提供科学指导。结果表明...以洛川、礼泉县作为黄土高原新、老苹果产区的代表,调查了两县400余个果园化肥养分投入情况,测定了两县各15个成龄果园0~40 cm土壤养分状况,旨在比较新、老果区的养分管理现状和土壤养分状况,为苹果园的合理施肥提供科学指导。结果表明:黄土高原苹果产区果园氮、磷、钾肥过量投入现象较为普遍,礼泉果园氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)化肥平均施用量依次为1115 kg hm^(-2)、656 kg hm^(-2)、968 kg hm^(-2),其中,氮、磷、钾肥投入过量比例依次高达95.3%、91.3%和100%;洛川果园氮、磷、钾化肥平均施用量依次为1208 kg hm^(-2)、828 kg hm^(-2)和1114 kg hm^(-2),其中,氮、磷、钾肥投入过量比例依次高达99.3%、98.7%和100%。两县果园土壤有效磷、钾养分过量问题较为普遍,其中,老果区礼泉县更为突出。因此,应适当控制氮、磷、钾投入,优化果园养分管理,减少不合理施肥可能带来的问题。展开更多
Soil microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining soil fertility and are considered as ecological indicators to evaluate soil health.In the present study,we examined the influence of almost 4 years of f...Soil microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining soil fertility and are considered as ecological indicators to evaluate soil health.In the present study,we examined the influence of almost 4 years of fertilization[no fertilizer(CK),nitrogen alone(N),nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizer(NPK),organicmanure(M),nitrogen plus organic manure(NM),and NPK plus organic manure(NPKM)]on soil fertility and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in an apple orchard.Compared to CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and available nutrients,but reduced soil pH in N and NPK treatments.The highest microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,most probable number of actinomycetes,bacteria,and fungi occurred in the NPKM treatment.The average well color development(AWCD)values followed the order of NPKM>M>NPK and NM>CK and N.The Shannon index in organic manure treatments were significantly higher than in control and in treatments without organic manure.The principal component analysis showed that manure treatment was significantly separated from other treatments.These results indicated that organic manure applied alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers would increase soil fertility and functional diversity of soil microbial communities.Moreover,applying balanced N,P,K fertilizer in combination with organic manure was found to be superior to the use of a single fertilizer in improving soil microbial community quality.展开更多
文摘以洛川、礼泉县作为黄土高原新、老苹果产区的代表,调查了两县400余个果园化肥养分投入情况,测定了两县各15个成龄果园0~40 cm土壤养分状况,旨在比较新、老果区的养分管理现状和土壤养分状况,为苹果园的合理施肥提供科学指导。结果表明:黄土高原苹果产区果园氮、磷、钾肥过量投入现象较为普遍,礼泉果园氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)化肥平均施用量依次为1115 kg hm^(-2)、656 kg hm^(-2)、968 kg hm^(-2),其中,氮、磷、钾肥投入过量比例依次高达95.3%、91.3%和100%;洛川果园氮、磷、钾化肥平均施用量依次为1208 kg hm^(-2)、828 kg hm^(-2)和1114 kg hm^(-2),其中,氮、磷、钾肥投入过量比例依次高达99.3%、98.7%和100%。两县果园土壤有效磷、钾养分过量问题较为普遍,其中,老果区礼泉县更为突出。因此,应适当控制氮、磷、钾投入,优化果园养分管理,减少不合理施肥可能带来的问题。
基金This work was supported by the Special Fund for the National Key R&D Programof China(Grant No.2016YFD0201100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31501713)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-27)and Taishan Scholar Assistance Program from Shandong Provincial Government.
文摘Soil microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining soil fertility and are considered as ecological indicators to evaluate soil health.In the present study,we examined the influence of almost 4 years of fertilization[no fertilizer(CK),nitrogen alone(N),nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizer(NPK),organicmanure(M),nitrogen plus organic manure(NM),and NPK plus organic manure(NPKM)]on soil fertility and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in an apple orchard.Compared to CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and available nutrients,but reduced soil pH in N and NPK treatments.The highest microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,most probable number of actinomycetes,bacteria,and fungi occurred in the NPKM treatment.The average well color development(AWCD)values followed the order of NPKM>M>NPK and NM>CK and N.The Shannon index in organic manure treatments were significantly higher than in control and in treatments without organic manure.The principal component analysis showed that manure treatment was significantly separated from other treatments.These results indicated that organic manure applied alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers would increase soil fertility and functional diversity of soil microbial communities.Moreover,applying balanced N,P,K fertilizer in combination with organic manure was found to be superior to the use of a single fertilizer in improving soil microbial community quality.
