Traditional medicine (TM) plays an inevitable role in drug discovery and development. Most of the therapeutically useful molecules used in the present day are inspired from TM. Herbal drugs are the oldest forms of med...Traditional medicine (TM) plays an inevitable role in drug discovery and development. Most of the therapeutically useful molecules used in the present day are inspired from TM. Herbal drugs are the oldest forms of medicines used for the treatment of various ailments and the TM of every country has a long history of their usage. To develop more data on their quality, safety, and efficacy, so also to improve the consumer’s need of modern days several thrust areas of research are to be focused on the development of TM. Based on the above concept, a paradigm shift is required for the revitalization of TM. These facts along with the modern scientific approaches, molecular tools, and strategies make it necessary for TM to be revitalized. Confluencing several strategies with the technological and scientific developments including pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics, system biology, and related approaches, the scientific potential of TM can be explored further with international coordination and collaborations.展开更多
At the level of in vitro drug screening,the development of a phenotypic analysis system with highcontent screening at the core provides a strong platform to support high-throughput drug screening.There are few systema...At the level of in vitro drug screening,the development of a phenotypic analysis system with highcontent screening at the core provides a strong platform to support high-throughput drug screening.There are few systematic reports on brain organoids,as a new three-dimensional in vitro model,in terms of model stability,key phenotypic fingerprint,and drug screening schemes,and particula rly rega rding the development of screening strategies for massive numbers of traditional Chinese medicine monomers.This paper reviews the development of brain organoids and the advantages of brain organoids over induced neurons or cells in simulated diseases.The paper also highlights the prospects from model stability,induction criteria of brain organoids,and the screening schemes of brain organoids based on the characteristics of brain organoids and the application and development of a high-content screening system.展开更多
Organ shortage represents one of the major limitations to the development of kidney transplantation.To increase the donor pool and to answer the ever increasing kidney request,physicians are recurring to marginal kidn...Organ shortage represents one of the major limitations to the development of kidney transplantation.To increase the donor pool and to answer the ever increasing kidney request,physicians are recurring to marginal kidneys as kidneys from older donors,from hypertensive or diabetic donors and from nonheart beating donors.These kidneys are known to have frequently a worse outcome in the recipients.To date major problem is to evaluate such kidneys in order to use or to discard them before transplantation.The use of such kidneys create other relevant question as whether to use them as single or dual transplant and to allocate them fairly according transplant programs.The pre-transplant histological evaluation,the clinical evaluation of the donor or both the criteria joined has been used and according the time each criterion prevailed over the others.Aim of this review has been to examine the advantages and the drawbacks of any criterion and how they have changed with time.To date any criterion has several limitations and several authors have argued for the development of new guidelines in the field of the kidney evaluation for transplantation.Several authors argue that the use of omic technologies should improve the organ evaluation and studies are ongoing to evaluate these technologies either in the donor urine or in the biopsies taken before transplantation.展开更多
There is currently a split within the cancer research community between traditional molecular biological hypothesis-driven and the more recent "omic" forms or research. While the molecular biological approac...There is currently a split within the cancer research community between traditional molecular biological hypothesis-driven and the more recent "omic" forms or research. While the molecular biological approach employs the tried and true single alteration-single response formulations of experimentation,the omic employs broad-based assay or sample collection approaches that generate large volumes of data. How to integrate the benefits of these two approaches in an efficient and productive fashion remains an outstanding issue. Ideally,one would merge the understandability,exactness,simplicity,and testability of the molecular biological approach,with the larger amounts of data,simultaneous consideration of multiple alterations,consideration of genes both of known interest along with the novel,cross-sample comparisons among cell lines and patient samples,and consideration of directed questions while simultaneously gaining exposure to the novel provided by the omic approach. While at the current time integration of the two disciplines remains problematic,attempts to do so are ongoing,and will be necessary for the understanding of the large cell line screens including the Developmental Therapeutics Program's NCI-60,the Broad Institute's Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia,and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute's Cancer Genome Project,as well as the the Cancer Genome Atlas clinical samples project. Going forward there is significant benefit to be had from the integration of the molecular biological and the omic forms or research,with the desired goal being improved translational understanding and application.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers are a set of diverse diseases affecting many parts/organs.The five most frequent GI cancer types are esophageal,gastric cancer(GC),liver cancer,pancreatic cancer,and colorectal cancer(CRC);...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers are a set of diverse diseases affecting many parts/organs.The five most frequent GI cancer types are esophageal,gastric cancer(GC),liver cancer,pancreatic cancer,and colorectal cancer(CRC);together,they give rise to 5 million new cases and cause the death of 3.5 million people annually.We provide information about molecular changes crucial to tumorigenesis and the behavior and prognosis.During the formation of cancer cells,the genomic changes are microsatellite instability with multiple chromosomal arrangements in GC and CRC.The genomically stable subtype is observed in GC and pancreatic cancer.Besides these genomic subtypes,CRC has epigenetic modification(hypermethylation)associated with a poor prognosis.The pathway information highlights the functions shared by GI cancers such as apoptosis;focal adhesion;and the p21-activated kinase,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt,transforming growth factor beta,and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.These pathways show survival,cell proliferation,and cell motility.In addition,the immune response and inflammation are also essential elements in the shared functions.We also retrieved information on protein-protein interaction from the STRING database,and found that proteins Akt1,catenin beta 1(CTNNB1),E1A binding protein P300,tumor protein p53(TP53),and TP53 binding protein 1(TP53BP1)are central nodes in the network.The protein expression of these genes is associated with overall survival in some GI cancers.The low TP53BP1 expression in CRC,high EP300 expression in esophageal cancer,and increased expression of Akt1/TP53 or low CTNNB1 expression in GC are associated with a poor prognosis.The Kaplan Meier plotter database also confirmed the association between expression of the five central genes and GC survival rates.In conclusion,GI cancers are very diverse at the molecular level.However,the shared mutations and protein pathways might be used to understand better and reveal diagnostic/prognostic or drug targets.展开更多
为有效提高风电功率预测的精度,提出一种基于特征选择及误差修正的风电功率预测方法。综合分析风速、温/湿度、风向等特征对风电出力的影响,提出了正交化最大信息系数(orthogonalization maximal information coefficient,OMIC)结合预...为有效提高风电功率预测的精度,提出一种基于特征选择及误差修正的风电功率预测方法。综合分析风速、温/湿度、风向等特征对风电出力的影响,提出了正交化最大信息系数(orthogonalization maximal information coefficient,OMIC)结合预测模型的特征选择方法,可优选出适配于预测模型的特征维数。针对预测模型训练中会产生的固有误差,提出用动态模态分解(dynamic mode decomposition,DMD)来跟踪误差数据的时空模态,DMD最大的优点在于其数据驱动性质,不依赖于任何参数设定以及先验假设,可以实现更快捷、简便的误差预测。通过特征选择、误差修正来优化预测模型,以取得更精确的预测结果。基于北方某风电场单台风机实际数据,将所提方法与深度学习模型结合进行预测,并对比了相关预测指标,仿真结果表明本文所提方法能够有效提升预测精度。展开更多
How to feed 10 billion human populations is one of the challenges that need to be addressed in the following decades,especially under an unpredicted climate change.Crop breeding,initiating from the phenotype-based sel...How to feed 10 billion human populations is one of the challenges that need to be addressed in the following decades,especially under an unpredicted climate change.Crop breeding,initiating from the phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developing into current biotechnology-based breeding,has played a critical role in securing the global food supply.However,regarding the changing environment and ever-increasing human population,can we breed outstanding crop varieties fast enough to achieve high productivity,good quality,and widespread adaptability?This review outlines the recent achievements in understanding cereal crop breeding,including the current knowledge about crop agronomic traits,newly developed techniques,crop big biological data research,and the possibility of integrating them for intelligence-driven breeding by design,which ushers in a new era of crop breeding practice and shapes the novel architecture of future crops.This review focuses on the major cereal crops,including rice,maize,and wheat,to explain how intelligence-driven breeding by design is becoming a reality.展开更多
基金the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi for providing financial support through MODROB (F.No-8024/RID/ BOR/MOD-74/2008-09)RPS project grants (F.No-8023/BOR/RID/RPS-204/2008-09)
文摘Traditional medicine (TM) plays an inevitable role in drug discovery and development. Most of the therapeutically useful molecules used in the present day are inspired from TM. Herbal drugs are the oldest forms of medicines used for the treatment of various ailments and the TM of every country has a long history of their usage. To develop more data on their quality, safety, and efficacy, so also to improve the consumer’s need of modern days several thrust areas of research are to be focused on the development of TM. Based on the above concept, a paradigm shift is required for the revitalization of TM. These facts along with the modern scientific approaches, molecular tools, and strategies make it necessary for TM to be revitalized. Confluencing several strategies with the technological and scientific developments including pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics, system biology, and related approaches, the scientific potential of TM can be explored further with international coordination and collaborations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32000498the Startup Funding of Zhejiang University City College,No.210000-581849 (both to CG)National College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program,No.2021 13021024 (to JQZ)。
文摘At the level of in vitro drug screening,the development of a phenotypic analysis system with highcontent screening at the core provides a strong platform to support high-throughput drug screening.There are few systematic reports on brain organoids,as a new three-dimensional in vitro model,in terms of model stability,key phenotypic fingerprint,and drug screening schemes,and particula rly rega rding the development of screening strategies for massive numbers of traditional Chinese medicine monomers.This paper reviews the development of brain organoids and the advantages of brain organoids over induced neurons or cells in simulated diseases.The paper also highlights the prospects from model stability,induction criteria of brain organoids,and the screening schemes of brain organoids based on the characteristics of brain organoids and the application and development of a high-content screening system.
文摘Organ shortage represents one of the major limitations to the development of kidney transplantation.To increase the donor pool and to answer the ever increasing kidney request,physicians are recurring to marginal kidneys as kidneys from older donors,from hypertensive or diabetic donors and from nonheart beating donors.These kidneys are known to have frequently a worse outcome in the recipients.To date major problem is to evaluate such kidneys in order to use or to discard them before transplantation.The use of such kidneys create other relevant question as whether to use them as single or dual transplant and to allocate them fairly according transplant programs.The pre-transplant histological evaluation,the clinical evaluation of the donor or both the criteria joined has been used and according the time each criterion prevailed over the others.Aim of this review has been to examine the advantages and the drawbacks of any criterion and how they have changed with time.To date any criterion has several limitations and several authors have argued for the development of new guidelines in the field of the kidney evaluation for transplantation.Several authors argue that the use of omic technologies should improve the organ evaluation and studies are ongoing to evaluate these technologies either in the donor urine or in the biopsies taken before transplantation.
文摘There is currently a split within the cancer research community between traditional molecular biological hypothesis-driven and the more recent "omic" forms or research. While the molecular biological approach employs the tried and true single alteration-single response formulations of experimentation,the omic employs broad-based assay or sample collection approaches that generate large volumes of data. How to integrate the benefits of these two approaches in an efficient and productive fashion remains an outstanding issue. Ideally,one would merge the understandability,exactness,simplicity,and testability of the molecular biological approach,with the larger amounts of data,simultaneous consideration of multiple alterations,consideration of genes both of known interest along with the novel,cross-sample comparisons among cell lines and patient samples,and consideration of directed questions while simultaneously gaining exposure to the novel provided by the omic approach. While at the current time integration of the two disciplines remains problematic,attempts to do so are ongoing,and will be necessary for the understanding of the large cell line screens including the Developmental Therapeutics Program's NCI-60,the Broad Institute's Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia,and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute's Cancer Genome Project,as well as the the Cancer Genome Atlas clinical samples project. Going forward there is significant benefit to be had from the integration of the molecular biological and the omic forms or research,with the desired goal being improved translational understanding and application.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers are a set of diverse diseases affecting many parts/organs.The five most frequent GI cancer types are esophageal,gastric cancer(GC),liver cancer,pancreatic cancer,and colorectal cancer(CRC);together,they give rise to 5 million new cases and cause the death of 3.5 million people annually.We provide information about molecular changes crucial to tumorigenesis and the behavior and prognosis.During the formation of cancer cells,the genomic changes are microsatellite instability with multiple chromosomal arrangements in GC and CRC.The genomically stable subtype is observed in GC and pancreatic cancer.Besides these genomic subtypes,CRC has epigenetic modification(hypermethylation)associated with a poor prognosis.The pathway information highlights the functions shared by GI cancers such as apoptosis;focal adhesion;and the p21-activated kinase,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt,transforming growth factor beta,and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.These pathways show survival,cell proliferation,and cell motility.In addition,the immune response and inflammation are also essential elements in the shared functions.We also retrieved information on protein-protein interaction from the STRING database,and found that proteins Akt1,catenin beta 1(CTNNB1),E1A binding protein P300,tumor protein p53(TP53),and TP53 binding protein 1(TP53BP1)are central nodes in the network.The protein expression of these genes is associated with overall survival in some GI cancers.The low TP53BP1 expression in CRC,high EP300 expression in esophageal cancer,and increased expression of Akt1/TP53 or low CTNNB1 expression in GC are associated with a poor prognosis.The Kaplan Meier plotter database also confirmed the association between expression of the five central genes and GC survival rates.In conclusion,GI cancers are very diverse at the molecular level.However,the shared mutations and protein pathways might be used to understand better and reveal diagnostic/prognostic or drug targets.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(32341029)Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects(2023ZD0406804)Outstanding Youth Team Cultivation Project of Center Universities(2662023PY007)。
文摘How to feed 10 billion human populations is one of the challenges that need to be addressed in the following decades,especially under an unpredicted climate change.Crop breeding,initiating from the phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developing into current biotechnology-based breeding,has played a critical role in securing the global food supply.However,regarding the changing environment and ever-increasing human population,can we breed outstanding crop varieties fast enough to achieve high productivity,good quality,and widespread adaptability?This review outlines the recent achievements in understanding cereal crop breeding,including the current knowledge about crop agronomic traits,newly developed techniques,crop big biological data research,and the possibility of integrating them for intelligence-driven breeding by design,which ushers in a new era of crop breeding practice and shapes the novel architecture of future crops.This review focuses on the major cereal crops,including rice,maize,and wheat,to explain how intelligence-driven breeding by design is becoming a reality.
