The suitability of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) and of HPLC for analyzing polyphenols is evaluated. FCR assay is commonly used although its flows, such as overestimating polyphenol content due to interference by ...The suitability of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) and of HPLC for analyzing polyphenols is evaluated. FCR assay is commonly used although its flows, such as overestimating polyphenol content due to interference by oxidizable species, were previously reported. The wide range of oxidizable species present in biological systems seriously compromises this assay’s reliability. Adding small amounts of protein to olive-mill wastewater (OMWW) significantly increased the apparent polyphenol content indicated by the FCR assay. The commonly used “reference” polyphenol as a standard for “total polyphenols” quantification is problematic since each polyphenol responds differently to the FCR. Conversely, HPLC may underestimate polyphenol content. No single HPLC protocol is likely to detect the whole myriad of polyphenols which may be present in a polyphenol-containing system. In analyzing 5 OMWW samples both by FCR assay and HPLC, the polyphenol content indicated by the FCR assay was up to six-fold higher than that determined by HPLC.展开更多
The low biodegradability of polyphenolic compounds typically found in olive processing indicated that biological treatment is not always successful in the treatment of olive oil mill wastewater in term of COD removal....The low biodegradability of polyphenolic compounds typically found in olive processing indicated that biological treatment is not always successful in the treatment of olive oil mill wastewater in term of COD removal. In this study the results of investigations on the applicability of Fenton's reagent in the treatment of this effluent were discussed. The efficiency of this method was determined. 86 % of removal COD was obtained using 5 mol H 2O 2 and 0.4 mol Fe 2+ per liter of crude OMW. The main parameters that govern the complex reactive system, i.e., time, pH, [H 2O 2] and [Fe(II)] were studied.展开更多
Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts： （1） their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; （...Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts： （1） their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; （2） and the second part is linked to the difficulties of pollution characterisation and monitoring caused by the complexity of these matrixes. This investigation deals with these two aspects, an electrochemical treatment method of an olive mill wastewater （OMW） under platinized expanded titanium electrodes using a modified Gl＂ignard reactor for toxicity removal as well as the exploration of the use of some specific analytical tools to monitor effluent phenolic compounds elimination. The results showed that electrochemical oxidation is able to remove/mitigate the OMW pollution. Indeed, 87% of OMW color was removed and all aromatic compounds were disappeared from the solution by anodic oxidation. Moreover, 55% of the chemical oxygen demand （COD） and the total organic carbon （TOC） were reduced. On the other hand, UV- Visible spectrophotometry, Gaz chromatography/mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance （NMR） showed that the used treatment seems efficaciously to eliminate phenolic compounds from OMW. It was concluded that electrochemical oxidation in a modified Grignard reactor is a promising process for the destruction of all phenolic compounds present in OMW. Among the monitoring analytical tools applied, cyclic voltammetry and 13C NMR are among the techniques that are introduced for the first time to control the advancement of the OMW treatment and gave a close insight on polyphenols disappearance.展开更多
Different mixtures of olive pomace (OP), olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and olive pruning residues (OPR) were aerobically co-composted under natural conditions. Compost temperature showed a sharp increase in the first 4...Different mixtures of olive pomace (OP), olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and olive pruning residues (OPR) were aerobically co-composted under natural conditions. Compost temperature showed a sharp increase in the first 40-60 days, followed by a stabilization at 60°C and a decline after 150 days, whereas compost water content ranged from 50-55% to 25-30%. Total and selec-tive microbial counts were followed throughout the experiment by means of innovative (IMT) and conventional (CMT) microbiological techniques. Pseudomonas spp., anaerobic bacteria, actino-mycetes, and fungi reached levels of 8, 7, 5 and 6 log CFU g–1 compost, respectively, with a slight depression after 30-80 days. Total and fecal coliforms strongly decreased during the com-posting process. The use of IMT allowed to de-tect a higher and more stable growth of micro-organisms if compared to CMT. IMT was dem-onstrated to be an appropriate and reliable method for monitoring the microbial pools dur-ing the co-composting process.展开更多
To improve the start-up speed and efficiency of bioreactors, biofilm technology is sometimes used. This technology uses various types of materials to facilitate the adhesion of microorganisms. In this study, the surfa...To improve the start-up speed and efficiency of bioreactors, biofilm technology is sometimes used. This technology uses various types of materials to facilitate the adhesion of microorganisms. In this study, the surface characteris<span style="font-family:Verdana;">tics of inert substrates and substrates after olive oil-mill wastewater (OMWW)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> conditioning film were evaluated to understand the impact of OMWW on adhesion as well as the most suitable material to optimize bacterial adhesion. Three common substrates made of different polymers were tested for bacterial adhesion before and after treatment with OMWW: PP (polypropylene), PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">surfaces’ physicochemical characteristics were studied by measuring the contact angle for the studied bacteria strain and the supports, before and after treatment with OMWW. Results of initial adhesion tests for untreated and treated supports showed differences in how bacterial cells adhered to substrates. Before treatment with OMWW, PVC and then PP showed a significant adhesion capacity, double that of PET [PVC: 1.58</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">× 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> CFU/cm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, PP: 1.48</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">× 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> CFU/cm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and PET: 0.72</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">× 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:展开更多
文摘The suitability of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) and of HPLC for analyzing polyphenols is evaluated. FCR assay is commonly used although its flows, such as overestimating polyphenol content due to interference by oxidizable species, were previously reported. The wide range of oxidizable species present in biological systems seriously compromises this assay’s reliability. Adding small amounts of protein to olive-mill wastewater (OMWW) significantly increased the apparent polyphenol content indicated by the FCR assay. The commonly used “reference” polyphenol as a standard for “total polyphenols” quantification is problematic since each polyphenol responds differently to the FCR. Conversely, HPLC may underestimate polyphenol content. No single HPLC protocol is likely to detect the whole myriad of polyphenols which may be present in a polyphenol-containing system. In analyzing 5 OMWW samples both by FCR assay and HPLC, the polyphenol content indicated by the FCR assay was up to six-fold higher than that determined by HPLC.
文摘The low biodegradability of polyphenolic compounds typically found in olive processing indicated that biological treatment is not always successful in the treatment of olive oil mill wastewater in term of COD removal. In this study the results of investigations on the applicability of Fenton's reagent in the treatment of this effluent were discussed. The efficiency of this method was determined. 86 % of removal COD was obtained using 5 mol H 2O 2 and 0.4 mol Fe 2+ per liter of crude OMW. The main parameters that govern the complex reactive system, i.e., time, pH, [H 2O 2] and [Fe(II)] were studied.
文摘Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts： （1） their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; （2） and the second part is linked to the difficulties of pollution characterisation and monitoring caused by the complexity of these matrixes. This investigation deals with these two aspects, an electrochemical treatment method of an olive mill wastewater （OMW） under platinized expanded titanium electrodes using a modified Gl＂ignard reactor for toxicity removal as well as the exploration of the use of some specific analytical tools to monitor effluent phenolic compounds elimination. The results showed that electrochemical oxidation is able to remove/mitigate the OMW pollution. Indeed, 87% of OMW color was removed and all aromatic compounds were disappeared from the solution by anodic oxidation. Moreover, 55% of the chemical oxygen demand （COD） and the total organic carbon （TOC） were reduced. On the other hand, UV- Visible spectrophotometry, Gaz chromatography/mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance （NMR） showed that the used treatment seems efficaciously to eliminate phenolic compounds from OMW. It was concluded that electrochemical oxidation in a modified Grignard reactor is a promising process for the destruction of all phenolic compounds present in OMW. Among the monitoring analytical tools applied, cyclic voltammetry and 13C NMR are among the techniques that are introduced for the first time to control the advancement of the OMW treatment and gave a close insight on polyphenols disappearance.
文摘Different mixtures of olive pomace (OP), olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and olive pruning residues (OPR) were aerobically co-composted under natural conditions. Compost temperature showed a sharp increase in the first 40-60 days, followed by a stabilization at 60°C and a decline after 150 days, whereas compost water content ranged from 50-55% to 25-30%. Total and selec-tive microbial counts were followed throughout the experiment by means of innovative (IMT) and conventional (CMT) microbiological techniques. Pseudomonas spp., anaerobic bacteria, actino-mycetes, and fungi reached levels of 8, 7, 5 and 6 log CFU g–1 compost, respectively, with a slight depression after 30-80 days. Total and fecal coliforms strongly decreased during the com-posting process. The use of IMT allowed to de-tect a higher and more stable growth of micro-organisms if compared to CMT. IMT was dem-onstrated to be an appropriate and reliable method for monitoring the microbial pools dur-ing the co-composting process.
文摘To improve the start-up speed and efficiency of bioreactors, biofilm technology is sometimes used. This technology uses various types of materials to facilitate the adhesion of microorganisms. In this study, the surface characteris<span style="font-family:Verdana;">tics of inert substrates and substrates after olive oil-mill wastewater (OMWW)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> conditioning film were evaluated to understand the impact of OMWW on adhesion as well as the most suitable material to optimize bacterial adhesion. Three common substrates made of different polymers were tested for bacterial adhesion before and after treatment with OMWW: PP (polypropylene), PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">surfaces’ physicochemical characteristics were studied by measuring the contact angle for the studied bacteria strain and the supports, before and after treatment with OMWW. Results of initial adhesion tests for untreated and treated supports showed differences in how bacterial cells adhered to substrates. Before treatment with OMWW, PVC and then PP showed a significant adhesion capacity, double that of PET [PVC: 1.58</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">× 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> CFU/cm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, PP: 1.48</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">× 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> CFU/cm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and PET: 0.72</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">× 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:
