The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this...The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this research,a novel surfactant,tri-triethanolamine monosunflower ester,was synthesized in the laboratory by extracting fatty acids present in sunflower（Helianthus annuus）oil.Synthesized surfactant was used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions of a heavy crude oil from the western oil field of India.After emulsification,a dramatic decrease in pour point as well as viscosity was observed.All the prepared emulsions were found to be flowing even at 1°C.The emulsion developed with 60%oil content and 2wt%surfactant showed a decrease in viscosity of 96%.The stability of the emulsion was investigated at different temperatures,and it was found to be highly stable.The effectiveness of surfactant in emulsifying the heavy oil in water was investigated by measuring the equilibrium interfacial tension（IFT）between the crude oil（diluted）and the aqueous phase along with zeta potential of emulsions.2wt%surfactant decreased IFT by almost nine times that of no surfactant.These results suggested that the synthesized surfactant may be used to prepare a stable oil-in-water emulsion for its transportation through offshore pipelines efficiently.展开更多
研究不同水解度的猪骨蛋白水解物(porcine bone protein hydrolysates,PBPH)对水包油乳状液的乳化特性的影响。采用碱性蛋白酶对猪骨蛋白进行水解0、1、2、3、4、5 h得到水解度分别为0%、5.6%、7.8%、11.1%、14.3%、17.2%的样品,分别测...研究不同水解度的猪骨蛋白水解物(porcine bone protein hydrolysates,PBPH)对水包油乳状液的乳化特性的影响。采用碱性蛋白酶对猪骨蛋白进行水解0、1、2、3、4、5 h得到水解度分别为0%、5.6%、7.8%、11.1%、14.3%、17.2%的样品,分别测定PBPH的乳化活性、乳化稳定性、Zeta电位、乳状液微观结构的变化以及活性肽的分子质量分布。PBPH乳化性研究表明,随着水解度的增加,乳状液的乳化活性和乳化稳定性呈现先增加后降低的趋势(P<0.05),水解度为11.1%时的PBPH所形成的乳状液稳定性最高,这可能与其具有最高的表面疏水性、最高的Zeta电位、最小的体积平均粒径和最均匀的液滴分布有关。分子排阻色谱测定结果表明,随着水解度的增加,酶解产物的分子质量分布表现出大分子肽含量逐渐减少,小分子肽含量逐渐增多,水解过程中伴有多肽链的断裂和蛋白质的聚集,结构变化影响不同水解度的PBPH功能性质的变化,这进一步解释了乳化性变化的原因。由此可以得出,PBPH在水解时间为3 h(水解度为11.1%)的适度水解的条件下,其乳化性最好,可以用于制备高物理稳定性的乳状液。展开更多
基金the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad for providing necessary laboratory facilities and financial support
文摘The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this research,a novel surfactant,tri-triethanolamine monosunflower ester,was synthesized in the laboratory by extracting fatty acids present in sunflower（Helianthus annuus）oil.Synthesized surfactant was used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions of a heavy crude oil from the western oil field of India.After emulsification,a dramatic decrease in pour point as well as viscosity was observed.All the prepared emulsions were found to be flowing even at 1°C.The emulsion developed with 60%oil content and 2wt%surfactant showed a decrease in viscosity of 96%.The stability of the emulsion was investigated at different temperatures,and it was found to be highly stable.The effectiveness of surfactant in emulsifying the heavy oil in water was investigated by measuring the equilibrium interfacial tension（IFT）between the crude oil（diluted）and the aqueous phase along with zeta potential of emulsions.2wt%surfactant decreased IFT by almost nine times that of no surfactant.These results suggested that the synthesized surfactant may be used to prepare a stable oil-in-water emulsion for its transportation through offshore pipelines efficiently.
文摘研究不同水解度的猪骨蛋白水解物(porcine bone protein hydrolysates,PBPH)对水包油乳状液的乳化特性的影响。采用碱性蛋白酶对猪骨蛋白进行水解0、1、2、3、4、5 h得到水解度分别为0%、5.6%、7.8%、11.1%、14.3%、17.2%的样品,分别测定PBPH的乳化活性、乳化稳定性、Zeta电位、乳状液微观结构的变化以及活性肽的分子质量分布。PBPH乳化性研究表明,随着水解度的增加,乳状液的乳化活性和乳化稳定性呈现先增加后降低的趋势(P<0.05),水解度为11.1%时的PBPH所形成的乳状液稳定性最高,这可能与其具有最高的表面疏水性、最高的Zeta电位、最小的体积平均粒径和最均匀的液滴分布有关。分子排阻色谱测定结果表明,随着水解度的增加,酶解产物的分子质量分布表现出大分子肽含量逐渐减少,小分子肽含量逐渐增多,水解过程中伴有多肽链的断裂和蛋白质的聚集,结构变化影响不同水解度的PBPH功能性质的变化,这进一步解释了乳化性变化的原因。由此可以得出,PBPH在水解时间为3 h(水解度为11.1%)的适度水解的条件下,其乳化性最好,可以用于制备高物理稳定性的乳状液。
