In the 1960s,Rouxel in France and Robert Schroeder in Germany explored the chemistry of reversible intercalation of Li^+between MS2(M=transition metal)layers held together by weak Van der Waals bonding[1].In 1967,Kumm...In the 1960s,Rouxel in France and Robert Schroeder in Germany explored the chemistry of reversible intercalation of Li^+between MS2(M=transition metal)layers held together by weak Van der Waals bonding[1].In 1967,Kummer and Webber of the Ford Motor Co.had discovered fast 2D Na+diffusion at 300℃in incompletely occupied Na^+and O layers between spinel blocks of an aluminum oxide and had invented a sodium-sulfur battery operating above 300℃.展开更多
The Shipborne acoustic communication system of the submersible Shenhai Yongshi works in vertical, horizontal and slant channels according to the relative positions. For ease of use, an array combined by a vertical-con...The Shipborne acoustic communication system of the submersible Shenhai Yongshi works in vertical, horizontal and slant channels according to the relative positions. For ease of use, an array combined by a vertical-cone directional transducer and a horizontal-toroid one is installed on the mothership. Improved techniques are proposed to combat adverse channel conditions, such as frequency selectivity, non-stationary ship noise, and Doppler effects of the platform’s nonlinear movement. For coherent modulation, a turbo-coded single-carrier scheme is used. In the receiver, the sparse decision-directed Normalized Least-Mean-Square soft equalizer automatically adjusts the tap pattern and weights according to the multipath structure, the two receivers’ asymmetry, the signal’s frequency selectivity and the noise’s spectrum fluctuation. The use of turbo code in turbo equalization significantly suppresses the error floor and decreases the equalizer’s iteration times, which is verified by both the extrinsic information transfer charts and bit-error-rate performance. For noncoherent modulation, a concatenated error correction scheme of nonbinary convolutional code and Hadamard code is adopted to utilize full frequency diversity. Robust and lowcomplexity synchronization techniques in the time and Doppler domains are proposed. Sea trials with the submersible to a maximum depth of over 4500 m show that the shipborne communication system performs robustly during the adverse conditions. From the ten-thousand communication records in the 28 dives in 2017, the failure rate of the coherent frames and that of the noncoherent packets are both below 10%, where both synchronization errors and decoding errors are taken into account.展开更多
Inherent flaws in the extended Kalman filter(EKF) algorithm were pointed out and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) was put forward as an alternative.Furthermore,a novel adaptive unscented Kalman filter(AUKF) based on innov...Inherent flaws in the extended Kalman filter(EKF) algorithm were pointed out and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) was put forward as an alternative.Furthermore,a novel adaptive unscented Kalman filter(AUKF) based on innovation was developed.The three data-fusing approaches were analyzed and evaluated in a mathematically rigorous way.Field experiments conducted in lake further demonstrate that AUKF reduces the position error approximately by 65% compared with EKF and by 35% UKF and improves the robust performance.展开更多
In order to improve the navigation accuracy of human occupied vehicle(HOV)precisely and efficiently,an innovative hybrid approach based on unscented Kalman filter(UKF)and support vector machine(SVM)is proposed to fuse...In order to improve the navigation accuracy of human occupied vehicle(HOV)precisely and efficiently,an innovative hybrid approach based on unscented Kalman filter(UKF)and support vector machine(SVM)is proposed to fuse integrated navigation data.HOV is generally equipped with long baseline(LBL)acoustic positioning system and dead reckoning(DR)as an integrated navigation system.UKF is adopted to estimate the state of the dynamic model because of its good performance in filtering nonlinear problems.An accurate and stable filtering result can be obtained when both LBL and DR are online.At the same time,SVM is utilized to train DR information with the result when LBL outrages,and the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed for SVM parameters optimization.Therefore,the integrated navigation system can maintain a good performance when the LBL is off-line.Simulation results with the real navigation data of Jiaolong HOV show that the methodology proposed here is able to meet the needs of HOV application.展开更多
Returned overseas Chinese entrepreneur shares private economy insights.In1999,ShiQianpingfoundedJHF Technology Group Co.Ltd.,a hi-tech industrial printerenterprise.During the 1990s,with limited technological support,C...Returned overseas Chinese entrepreneur shares private economy insights.In1999,ShiQianpingfoundedJHF Technology Group Co.Ltd.,a hi-tech industrial printerenterprise.During the 1990s,with limited technological support,Chinese brands predominantly occupied the mid-to-low-end printer market,while the highend segment was dominated by imports.展开更多
The presence of interstitial electrons in electrides endows them with interesting attributes,such as low work function,high carrier concentration,and unique magnetic properties.Thorough knowledge and understanding of ...The presence of interstitial electrons in electrides endows them with interesting attributes,such as low work function,high carrier concentration,and unique magnetic properties.Thorough knowledge and understanding of electrides are thus of both scientific and technological significance.Here,we employ first-principles calculations to investigate Mott-insulating Ae_(5)X_(3)(Ae=Ca,Sr,and Ba;X=As and Sb)electrides with Mn_(5)Si_(3)-type structure,in which half-filled interstitial electrons serve as ions and are spin-polarized.The Mott-insulating property is induced by strong electron correlation between the nearest interstitial electrons,resulting in spin splitting and a separation between occupied and unoccupied states.The half-filled antiferromagnetic configuration and localization of the interstitial electrons are critical for the Mott-insulating properties of these materials.Compared with that in intermetallic electrides,the orbital hybridization between the half-filled interstitial electrons and the surrounding atoms is weak,leading to highly localized magnetic centers and pronounced correlation effects.Therefore,the Mott-insulating electrides Ae_(5)X_(3)have very large indirect bandgaps(0.30 eV).In addition,high pressure is found to strengthen the strong correlation effects and enlarge the bandgap.The present results provide a deeper understanding of the formation mechanism of Mott-insulating electrides and provide guidance for the search for new strongly correlated electrides.展开更多
Recently,organic solar cells have attracted the attention of many researchers owing to flexibility,low cost,light weight and large-area applications,and significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency(PCE)....Recently,organic solar cells have attracted the attention of many researchers owing to flexibility,low cost,light weight and large-area applications,and significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency(PCE).In this work,we designed chains from organic compounds as donors and replaced the core unit in each series with a variety of acceptors in order to enhance their optical and electronic characterization and performance for power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells.We utilized density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT)to investigate the geometry optimization by using the Gaussian 09 program.Both electronic and optical properties were determined,which involve the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)levels,the band gap energy,maximum absorption wavelength(λmax),open circuit voltage(Voc),and light harvesting efficiency(LHE).Our evaluation denotes that the small compounds suggested are predicted to exhibit the best performance compared to the first series(SC1),like a lower band gap energy,a lower HOMO energy level,a greater absorption range,and a larger PCE.展开更多
Tensions are rising and the risk of regional war looms over the Middle East.Diplomacy has yet to restrain escalation and prospects for peace unfortunately are dim at this time.The regional situation is complex.Israeli...Tensions are rising and the risk of regional war looms over the Middle East.Diplomacy has yet to restrain escalation and prospects for peace unfortunately are dim at this time.The regional situation is complex.Israeli assassinations raise tensions In addition to the devastating Israeli incursion into occupied Gaza that began after the tragic events of October 7 last year,there is also increasing Israeli pressure on the occupied West Bank,continued Israeli assassinations of top-level Hamas and Hezbollah officials,the continuing Israeli air attacks on Lebanon and Syria,and also the Israeli intransigence at the negotiations over a ceasefire in Gaza.展开更多
The design of Human Occupied Vehicle （HOV） is a typical multidisciplinary problem, but heavily dependent on the experience of naval architects at present engineering design. In order to relieve the experience depend...The design of Human Occupied Vehicle （HOV） is a typical multidisciplinary problem, but heavily dependent on the experience of naval architects at present engineering design. In order to relieve the experience dependence and improve the design, a new Multidisciplinary Design Optimization （MDO） method ＂Bi-Level Integrated System Collaborative Optimization （BLISCO）＂ is applied to the conceptual design of an HOV, which consists of hull module, resistance module, energy module, structure module, weight module, and the stability module. This design problem is defined by 21 design variables and 23 constraints, and its objective is to maximize the ratio of payload to weight. The results show that the general performance of the HOV can be greatly improved by BLISCO.展开更多
As a coprocessor, field-programmable gate array （FPGA） is the hardware computing processor accelerating the computing capacity of coraputers. To efficiently manage the hardware free resources for the placing of task...As a coprocessor, field-programmable gate array （FPGA） is the hardware computing processor accelerating the computing capacity of coraputers. To efficiently manage the hardware free resources for the placing of tasks on FPGA and take full advantage of the partially reconfigurable units, good utilization of chip resources is an important and necessary work. In this paper, a new method is proposed to find the complete set of maximal free resource rectangles based on the cross point of edge lines of running tasks on FPGA area, and the prove process is provided to make sure the correctness of this method.展开更多
The existence of any elementary particle in universe requires the existence of some region of universe occupied by it. By taking the volume of this occupied region, the author will reformulate the relativistic quantum...The existence of any elementary particle in universe requires the existence of some region of universe occupied by it. By taking the volume of this occupied region, the author will reformulate the relativistic quantum field theory using new 3-dimensional region-like idealization of elementary particles and hereinafter will call the total volume of all regions occupied by the elementary constituent particles of the quantum system the occupied volume. Also the author will call the set of all regions of universe filled by elementary constituent particles of the quantum system the occupied path. Always any quantum system is existed at a head of its occupied path. This path is growing by mutual filling and leaving regions of universe by its elementary constituent particles. The conservation of this elementary constituent particle requires the conservation of its occupied volume during this process. This requirement could be summarized by the following conditions: 1) the total volume of all regions of universe filled by the elementary constituent particles of the quantum system minus the total volume of all regions of universe left by these elementary constituent particles must be equal to the occupied volume of the quantum system;2) the total increase in the occupied volume of the quantum system due to the absorption of another elementary particles from outside its occupied regions minus the total decreasing in its occupied volume due to the emission of another elementary particles outside its occupied regions must be equal to the occupied volume of it. The wave-particle duality of the elementary constituent particles implied accumulation of them as the finite set of interfered waves. This accumulation of elementary constituent particles causes the absolute probabilistic nature of event of finding the elementary consistent particle in specified interfered wave, and hence the mathematical representation of this interfered wave should take into account the value of probability amplitude of finding an elementary particle展开更多
The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feede...The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feeder type on birds’feeding process.The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three different feeder types in relation to the birds’behaviour in its surroundings.The analysed feeders were:tube-type with partition grid(F1);tube-type without partition grid(F2);and automatic type with partition grid(F3).The considered variables were:occupied area(OA);activity index(AI)(flock movement);total birds presented in the area(TB);and birds effectively eating(EE).OA and AI were calculated by computational image analysis while TB and EE were manually measured.The results indicated that the feeder type could have influenced the birds’behaviour regarding to OA(R2=0.56),TB(R2=0.48),and EE(R2=0.40),but AI(R2=0.01)was not found to be directly influenced by the feeder type.A higher percentage of birds effectively eating were found in F2(86.4%),which was the one with the largest free area to access the feed.Similar average number of total birds was found in F1,but with a lower percentage of individuals effectively eating(63.3%),which means that birds were nearby this feeder performing other behaviours.Since the assessed feeders were in the same house under the same conditions,it can be suggested that not only the free area to access the feed but potentially the design of feeders could have influenced the birds’feeding preference.The real beneficial effect of the adoption of partition grid on feed trays is still uncertain,and it is also unclear whether the financial value of reduced wastage would compensate the possible reduction in feed intake.展开更多
The Book of Zambasta(abbreviated‘Z’)is a long poem in Old Khotanese which has been described as’a veritable Manual of Buddhism’.[1]The best-preserved copy,sometimes referred to as‘Z1’,seems to have formed part o...The Book of Zambasta(abbreviated‘Z’)is a long poem in Old Khotanese which has been described as’a veritable Manual of Buddhism’.[1]The best-preserved copy,sometimes referred to as‘Z1’,seems to have formed part of a manuscript miscellany,in which the 24 chapters of Z occupied folios 143 verso to 440 recto.Of these 298 folios,more than two thirds are still extant in whole or part.In Z1each verse is written on a single line,with six lines to the page.The text is presented in four columns separated by spaces which in principle correspond to the caesurae between the four padas(‘abcd’)of the verse.The verse number is frequently indicated at the end of the line,often in abbreviated form(e.g.‘2’in place of‘52’,or‘52’in place of‘152’).展开更多
To the Editor,I read with interest the review by Zhang and Liu,[1]about the typical septic cardiomyopathy(SC)and sepsis-related Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)(S-TTS).The report rekindled some thoughts,which have occupied me ...To the Editor,I read with interest the review by Zhang and Liu,[1]about the typical septic cardiomyopathy(SC)and sepsis-related Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)(S-TTS).The report rekindled some thoughts,which have occupied me for the past few years,regarding the possibility that SC constitutes a phenotype of TTS,or whether it is an altogether different pathophysiological entity.展开更多
The year 2022 is a rough patch for domestic beauty makeups.When major overseas brands have occupied the first echelon of the area list on each major platform,new domestic brands have no confidence to take COVID-19 pan...The year 2022 is a rough patch for domestic beauty makeups.When major overseas brands have occupied the first echelon of the area list on each major platform,new domestic brands have no confidence to take COVID-19 pandemic as a fig leaf for the stagnant sales volume.Some professional managers find pessimistically that Generation Z groups,which new brands take as main clients,should have turned to grand brands without hesitation.A severe fact has been placed before the Chinese beauty makeup market-the marketing method that domestic cosmetics rely on for starting up is no longer a secret key for competition,and it seems very difficult for the weak product power to resist the overwhelming grand brands.展开更多
Organic free radicals are characterized by their"open-shell"electronic structures,meaning that they contain one or more unpaired electrons in singly occupied molecular orbitals(SOMOs),which is in contrast to...Organic free radicals are characterized by their"open-shell"electronic structures,meaning that they contain one or more unpaired electrons in singly occupied molecular orbitals(SOMOs),which is in contrast to the closed-shell structure of traditional organic molecules containing paired electrons in all their occupied orbitals.The unpaired electrons endow organic free radicals with distinct fluorescent,magnetic,and electronic properties,which have garnered significant attention.Although most free radicals are highly unstable,their stability can be greatly enhanced through reasonable structural modifications.In fact,various series of stable free radicals have been developed that can be isolated and stored under ambient atmosphere for extended periods of time.The resolution of the stability issue has opened up the possibilities for functionalizing organic free radicals.展开更多
Maximally localized Wannier functions(MLWFs)are widely used in electronic-structure calculations.We have recently developed automated approaches to generate MLWFs that represent natural tight-binding sets of atomic-li...Maximally localized Wannier functions(MLWFs)are widely used in electronic-structure calculations.We have recently developed automated approaches to generate MLWFs that represent natural tight-binding sets of atomic-like orbitals;these describe accurately both the occupied states and the complementary unoccupied ones.For many applications,it is required to use MLWFs that describe instead certain target groups of bands:the valence or the conduction bands,or correlated manifolds.Here,we start from these tight-binding sets of MLWFs,and mix them using a combination of parallel transport and maximal localization to construct manifold-remixed Wannier functions(MRWFs):these are orthogonal sets of MLWFs that fully and only span desired target submanifolds.The algorithm is simple and robust,and is showcased here in reference applications(silicon,MoS_(2),and SrVO_(3))and in a mid-throughput study of 77 insulators.展开更多
Organic photovoltaic(OPV)materials are promising candidates for cheap,printable solar cells.However,there are a very large number of potential donors and acceptors,making selection of the best materials difficult.Here...Organic photovoltaic(OPV)materials are promising candidates for cheap,printable solar cells.However,there are a very large number of potential donors and acceptors,making selection of the best materials difficult.Here,we show that machine-learning approaches can leverage computationally expensive DFT calculations to estimate important OPV materials properties quickly and accurately.We generate quantitative relationships between simple and interpretable chemical signature and one-hot descriptors and OPV power conversion efficiency(PCE),open circuit potential(Voc),short circuit density(Jsc),highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy,lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy,and the HOMO–LUMO gap.The most robust and predictive models could predict PCE(computed by DFT)with a standard error of±0.5 for percentage PCE for both the training and test set.This model is useful for pre-screening potential donor and acceptor materials for OPV applications,accelerating design of these devices for green energy applications.展开更多
There has been considerable controversy as to whether the order-disorder change in alloys should be considered as a phase transition of the first or the second degree. By 'ordered' is meant that the lattice si...There has been considerable controversy as to whether the order-disorder change in alloys should be considered as a phase transition of the first or the second degree. By 'ordered' is meant that the lattice sites can be grouped into sublattices each of which is occupied predominantly by one kind of atom. In the 'disordered' state, no such grouping is possible, each sublattice being occupied by the various constituents at random.展开更多
文摘In the 1960s,Rouxel in France and Robert Schroeder in Germany explored the chemistry of reversible intercalation of Li^+between MS2(M=transition metal)layers held together by weak Van der Waals bonding[1].In 1967,Kummer and Webber of the Ford Motor Co.had discovered fast 2D Na+diffusion at 300℃in incompletely occupied Na^+and O layers between spinel blocks of an aluminum oxide and had invented a sodium-sulfur battery operating above 300℃.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61471351)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFC0300300 and 2016YFC0300605)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2009AA093301)
文摘The Shipborne acoustic communication system of the submersible Shenhai Yongshi works in vertical, horizontal and slant channels according to the relative positions. For ease of use, an array combined by a vertical-cone directional transducer and a horizontal-toroid one is installed on the mothership. Improved techniques are proposed to combat adverse channel conditions, such as frequency selectivity, non-stationary ship noise, and Doppler effects of the platform’s nonlinear movement. For coherent modulation, a turbo-coded single-carrier scheme is used. In the receiver, the sparse decision-directed Normalized Least-Mean-Square soft equalizer automatically adjusts the tap pattern and weights according to the multipath structure, the two receivers’ asymmetry, the signal’s frequency selectivity and the noise’s spectrum fluctuation. The use of turbo code in turbo equalization significantly suppresses the error floor and decreases the equalizer’s iteration times, which is verified by both the extrinsic information transfer charts and bit-error-rate performance. For noncoherent modulation, a concatenated error correction scheme of nonbinary convolutional code and Hadamard code is adopted to utilize full frequency diversity. Robust and lowcomplexity synchronization techniques in the time and Doppler domains are proposed. Sea trials with the submersible to a maximum depth of over 4500 m show that the shipborne communication system performs robustly during the adverse conditions. From the ten-thousand communication records in the 28 dives in 2017, the failure rate of the coherent frames and that of the noncoherent packets are both below 10%, where both synchronization errors and decoding errors are taken into account.
基金Projects(2009AA093302,2002AA401003)supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(YYYJ-0917)supported by the Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金Projects(61273334,61233013)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011010025-401)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China
文摘Inherent flaws in the extended Kalman filter(EKF) algorithm were pointed out and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) was put forward as an alternative.Furthermore,a novel adaptive unscented Kalman filter(AUKF) based on innovation was developed.The three data-fusing approaches were analyzed and evaluated in a mathematically rigorous way.Field experiments conducted in lake further demonstrate that AUKF reduces the position error approximately by 65% compared with EKF and by 35% UKF and improves the robust performance.
基金National High Technology Development Program of China(2009AA093302,2014AA09A110)the Chinese Academy of Strategic Leading Science and Technology Special(XDA11040104)
文摘In order to improve the navigation accuracy of human occupied vehicle(HOV)precisely and efficiently,an innovative hybrid approach based on unscented Kalman filter(UKF)and support vector machine(SVM)is proposed to fuse integrated navigation data.HOV is generally equipped with long baseline(LBL)acoustic positioning system and dead reckoning(DR)as an integrated navigation system.UKF is adopted to estimate the state of the dynamic model because of its good performance in filtering nonlinear problems.An accurate and stable filtering result can be obtained when both LBL and DR are online.At the same time,SVM is utilized to train DR information with the result when LBL outrages,and the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed for SVM parameters optimization.Therefore,the integrated navigation system can maintain a good performance when the LBL is off-line.Simulation results with the real navigation data of Jiaolong HOV show that the methodology proposed here is able to meet the needs of HOV application.
文摘Returned overseas Chinese entrepreneur shares private economy insights.In1999,ShiQianpingfoundedJHF Technology Group Co.Ltd.,a hi-tech industrial printerenterprise.During the 1990s,with limited technological support,Chinese brands predominantly occupied the mid-to-low-end printer market,while the highend segment was dominated by imports.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12204419 and 12074013)。
文摘The presence of interstitial electrons in electrides endows them with interesting attributes,such as low work function,high carrier concentration,and unique magnetic properties.Thorough knowledge and understanding of electrides are thus of both scientific and technological significance.Here,we employ first-principles calculations to investigate Mott-insulating Ae_(5)X_(3)(Ae=Ca,Sr,and Ba;X=As and Sb)electrides with Mn_(5)Si_(3)-type structure,in which half-filled interstitial electrons serve as ions and are spin-polarized.The Mott-insulating property is induced by strong electron correlation between the nearest interstitial electrons,resulting in spin splitting and a separation between occupied and unoccupied states.The half-filled antiferromagnetic configuration and localization of the interstitial electrons are critical for the Mott-insulating properties of these materials.Compared with that in intermetallic electrides,the orbital hybridization between the half-filled interstitial electrons and the surrounding atoms is weak,leading to highly localized magnetic centers and pronounced correlation effects.Therefore,the Mott-insulating electrides Ae_(5)X_(3)have very large indirect bandgaps(0.30 eV).In addition,high pressure is found to strengthen the strong correlation effects and enlarge the bandgap.The present results provide a deeper understanding of the formation mechanism of Mott-insulating electrides and provide guidance for the search for new strongly correlated electrides.
文摘Recently,organic solar cells have attracted the attention of many researchers owing to flexibility,low cost,light weight and large-area applications,and significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency(PCE).In this work,we designed chains from organic compounds as donors and replaced the core unit in each series with a variety of acceptors in order to enhance their optical and electronic characterization and performance for power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells.We utilized density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT)to investigate the geometry optimization by using the Gaussian 09 program.Both electronic and optical properties were determined,which involve the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)levels,the band gap energy,maximum absorption wavelength(λmax),open circuit voltage(Voc),and light harvesting efficiency(LHE).Our evaluation denotes that the small compounds suggested are predicted to exhibit the best performance compared to the first series(SC1),like a lower band gap energy,a lower HOMO energy level,a greater absorption range,and a larger PCE.
文摘Tensions are rising and the risk of regional war looms over the Middle East.Diplomacy has yet to restrain escalation and prospects for peace unfortunately are dim at this time.The regional situation is complex.Israeli assassinations raise tensions In addition to the devastating Israeli incursion into occupied Gaza that began after the tragic events of October 7 last year,there is also increasing Israeli pressure on the occupied West Bank,continued Israeli assassinations of top-level Hamas and Hezbollah officials,the continuing Israeli air attacks on Lebanon and Syria,and also the Israeli intransigence at the negotiations over a ceasefire in Gaza.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51109132)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20110073120015)
文摘The design of Human Occupied Vehicle （HOV） is a typical multidisciplinary problem, but heavily dependent on the experience of naval architects at present engineering design. In order to relieve the experience dependence and improve the design, a new Multidisciplinary Design Optimization （MDO） method ＂Bi-Level Integrated System Collaborative Optimization （BLISCO）＂ is applied to the conceptual design of an HOV, which consists of hull module, resistance module, energy module, structure module, weight module, and the stability module. This design problem is defined by 21 design variables and 23 constraints, and its objective is to maximize the ratio of payload to weight. The results show that the general performance of the HOV can be greatly improved by BLISCO.
基金Project supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.J50103)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.2010GZS0031)the Science Technology Project of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.2010BGB00604)
文摘As a coprocessor, field-programmable gate array （FPGA） is the hardware computing processor accelerating the computing capacity of coraputers. To efficiently manage the hardware free resources for the placing of tasks on FPGA and take full advantage of the partially reconfigurable units, good utilization of chip resources is an important and necessary work. In this paper, a new method is proposed to find the complete set of maximal free resource rectangles based on the cross point of edge lines of running tasks on FPGA area, and the prove process is provided to make sure the correctness of this method.
文摘The existence of any elementary particle in universe requires the existence of some region of universe occupied by it. By taking the volume of this occupied region, the author will reformulate the relativistic quantum field theory using new 3-dimensional region-like idealization of elementary particles and hereinafter will call the total volume of all regions occupied by the elementary constituent particles of the quantum system the occupied volume. Also the author will call the set of all regions of universe filled by elementary constituent particles of the quantum system the occupied path. Always any quantum system is existed at a head of its occupied path. This path is growing by mutual filling and leaving regions of universe by its elementary constituent particles. The conservation of this elementary constituent particle requires the conservation of its occupied volume during this process. This requirement could be summarized by the following conditions: 1) the total volume of all regions of universe filled by the elementary constituent particles of the quantum system minus the total volume of all regions of universe left by these elementary constituent particles must be equal to the occupied volume of the quantum system;2) the total increase in the occupied volume of the quantum system due to the absorption of another elementary particles from outside its occupied regions minus the total decreasing in its occupied volume due to the emission of another elementary particles outside its occupied regions must be equal to the occupied volume of it. The wave-particle duality of the elementary constituent particles implied accumulation of them as the finite set of interfered waves. This accumulation of elementary constituent particles causes the absolute probabilistic nature of event of finding the elementary consistent particle in specified interfered wave, and hence the mathematical representation of this interfered wave should take into account the value of probability amplitude of finding an elementary particle
文摘The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feeder type on birds’feeding process.The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three different feeder types in relation to the birds’behaviour in its surroundings.The analysed feeders were:tube-type with partition grid(F1);tube-type without partition grid(F2);and automatic type with partition grid(F3).The considered variables were:occupied area(OA);activity index(AI)(flock movement);total birds presented in the area(TB);and birds effectively eating(EE).OA and AI were calculated by computational image analysis while TB and EE were manually measured.The results indicated that the feeder type could have influenced the birds’behaviour regarding to OA(R2=0.56),TB(R2=0.48),and EE(R2=0.40),but AI(R2=0.01)was not found to be directly influenced by the feeder type.A higher percentage of birds effectively eating were found in F2(86.4%),which was the one with the largest free area to access the feed.Similar average number of total birds was found in F1,but with a lower percentage of individuals effectively eating(63.3%),which means that birds were nearby this feeder performing other behaviours.Since the assessed feeders were in the same house under the same conditions,it can be suggested that not only the free area to access the feed but potentially the design of feeders could have influenced the birds’feeding preference.The real beneficial effect of the adoption of partition grid on feed trays is still uncertain,and it is also unclear whether the financial value of reduced wastage would compensate the possible reduction in feed intake.
文摘The Book of Zambasta(abbreviated‘Z’)is a long poem in Old Khotanese which has been described as’a veritable Manual of Buddhism’.[1]The best-preserved copy,sometimes referred to as‘Z1’,seems to have formed part of a manuscript miscellany,in which the 24 chapters of Z occupied folios 143 verso to 440 recto.Of these 298 folios,more than two thirds are still extant in whole or part.In Z1each verse is written on a single line,with six lines to the page.The text is presented in four columns separated by spaces which in principle correspond to the caesurae between the four padas(‘abcd’)of the verse.The verse number is frequently indicated at the end of the line,often in abbreviated form(e.g.‘2’in place of‘52’,or‘52’in place of‘152’).
文摘To the Editor,I read with interest the review by Zhang and Liu,[1]about the typical septic cardiomyopathy(SC)and sepsis-related Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)(S-TTS).The report rekindled some thoughts,which have occupied me for the past few years,regarding the possibility that SC constitutes a phenotype of TTS,or whether it is an altogether different pathophysiological entity.
文摘The year 2022 is a rough patch for domestic beauty makeups.When major overseas brands have occupied the first echelon of the area list on each major platform,new domestic brands have no confidence to take COVID-19 pandemic as a fig leaf for the stagnant sales volume.Some professional managers find pessimistically that Generation Z groups,which new brands take as main clients,should have turned to grand brands without hesitation.A severe fact has been placed before the Chinese beauty makeup market-the marketing method that domestic cosmetics rely on for starting up is no longer a secret key for competition,and it seems very difficult for the weak product power to resist the overwhelming grand brands.
文摘Organic free radicals are characterized by their"open-shell"electronic structures,meaning that they contain one or more unpaired electrons in singly occupied molecular orbitals(SOMOs),which is in contrast to the closed-shell structure of traditional organic molecules containing paired electrons in all their occupied orbitals.The unpaired electrons endow organic free radicals with distinct fluorescent,magnetic,and electronic properties,which have garnered significant attention.Although most free radicals are highly unstable,their stability can be greatly enhanced through reasonable structural modifications.In fact,various series of stable free radicals have been developed that can be isolated and stored under ambient atmosphere for extended periods of time.The resolution of the stability issue has opened up the possibilities for functionalizing organic free radicals.
基金We acknowledge financial support from the NCCR MARVEL(a National Centre of Competence in Research,funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation,grant No.205602)the Swiss National Science Foundation(SNSF)Project Funding(grant 200021E_206190“FISH4DIET”)The work is also supported by a pilot access grant from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre(CSCS)on the Swiss share of the LUMI system under project ID“PILOT MC EPFL-NM 01”,a CHRONOS grant from the CSCS on the Swiss share of the LUMI system under project ID“REGULAR MC EPFL-NM 02”,and a grant from the CSCS under project ID s0178.
文摘Maximally localized Wannier functions(MLWFs)are widely used in electronic-structure calculations.We have recently developed automated approaches to generate MLWFs that represent natural tight-binding sets of atomic-like orbitals;these describe accurately both the occupied states and the complementary unoccupied ones.For many applications,it is required to use MLWFs that describe instead certain target groups of bands:the valence or the conduction bands,or correlated manifolds.Here,we start from these tight-binding sets of MLWFs,and mix them using a combination of parallel transport and maximal localization to construct manifold-remixed Wannier functions(MRWFs):these are orthogonal sets of MLWFs that fully and only span desired target submanifolds.The algorithm is simple and robust,and is showcased here in reference applications(silicon,MoS_(2),and SrVO_(3))and in a mid-throughput study of 77 insulators.
基金This work was supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council(ARC)under the Centre of Excellence scheme(project number CE170100026)This work was also supported by computational resources provided by the Australian Government through the National Computational Infrastructure National Facility and the Pawsey Supercomputer Centre.
文摘Organic photovoltaic(OPV)materials are promising candidates for cheap,printable solar cells.However,there are a very large number of potential donors and acceptors,making selection of the best materials difficult.Here,we show that machine-learning approaches can leverage computationally expensive DFT calculations to estimate important OPV materials properties quickly and accurately.We generate quantitative relationships between simple and interpretable chemical signature and one-hot descriptors and OPV power conversion efficiency(PCE),open circuit potential(Voc),short circuit density(Jsc),highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy,lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy,and the HOMO–LUMO gap.The most robust and predictive models could predict PCE(computed by DFT)with a standard error of±0.5 for percentage PCE for both the training and test set.This model is useful for pre-screening potential donor and acceptor materials for OPV applications,accelerating design of these devices for green energy applications.
文摘There has been considerable controversy as to whether the order-disorder change in alloys should be considered as a phase transition of the first or the second degree. By 'ordered' is meant that the lattice sites can be grouped into sublattices each of which is occupied predominantly by one kind of atom. In the 'disordered' state, no such grouping is possible, each sublattice being occupied by the various constituents at random.
