目的探讨大剂量维生素C在支气管哮喘大鼠肺部感染中的疗效及对肺功能的影响。方法制作人工感染支气管哮喘肺部感染大鼠的模型,随机分为两组,各82只(排除2只),对照组使用小剂量维生素C治疗,研究组运用大剂量维生素C治疗。对比两组大鼠的...目的探讨大剂量维生素C在支气管哮喘大鼠肺部感染中的疗效及对肺功能的影响。方法制作人工感染支气管哮喘肺部感染大鼠的模型,随机分为两组,各82只(排除2只),对照组使用小剂量维生素C治疗,研究组运用大剂量维生素C治疗。对比两组大鼠的治疗效果,血清因子血小板活化因子(Platelet-activating factor,PAF)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α,MIP-1α)、可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1,sTREM-1)、降钙素原(PCT)、心钠肽(Atrial natriuretic polypeptide,ANP)、抗氧化水平超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-Px)及肺功能一秒用力呼气容积(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、一秒钟用力呼气量与用力肺活量比值(Forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio,FEV1%)、一秒钟用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)以及6分钟步行试验(6-MinuteWalk Test,6MWT)的影响。结果研究组大鼠的治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.001);研究组大鼠的SOD为(351.25±50.75)NU/ml低于对照组(P<0.05),而MDA为(4.59±1.62)nmol/L高于对照组(P<0.05),但GSH-Px差异无统计学意义;研究组大鼠血清PAF、MIP-1α、sTREM-1、PCT分别为(133.87±785.15)mU/ml、(20.83±2.27)pg/ml、(85.42±7.92)pg/ml、(0.66±0.12)ng/ml均低于对照组(P<0.05),而ANP为(9.51±0.87)mg/L高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前两组大鼠肺功能差异无统计学意义,治疗后研究组大鼠FEV1、FEV1百分比(FEV1%)、FEV1/FVC及6MWT分别为(2.85±0.63)L、(42.16±5.92)%、(69.74±7.84)%及(308.97±42.13)m高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论支气管哮喘大鼠肺部感染治疗过程中,大剂量维生素C的治疗效果较好,具有一定的临床价值。展开更多
The extremely high structural tolerance of ceria to oxygen vacancies(Ov)has made it a desirable catalytic material for the hydrocarbon oxidation to chemicals and pharmaceuticals and the reduction of gaseous pollutants...The extremely high structural tolerance of ceria to oxygen vacancies(Ov)has made it a desirable catalytic material for the hydrocarbon oxidation to chemicals and pharmaceuticals and the reduction of gaseous pollutants.It is proposed that the formation and diffusion of Ov originate from its outstanding reduction property.However,the formation and diffusion process of Ov over the surface of ceria at the atomic level is still unknown.Herein,the structural and valence evolution of CeO_(2)(111)surfaces in reductive,oxidative and vacuum environments from room temperature up to 700℃was studied with in situ aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy(ETEM)experiments.Ov is found to form under a high vacuum at elevated temperatures;however,the surface can recover to the initial state through the adsorption of oxygen atoms in an oxygen-contained environment.Furthermore,in hydrogen environment,the step-CeO_(2)(111)surface is not stable at elevated temperatures;thus,the steps tend to be eliminated with increasing temperature.Combined with first-principles density function calculations(DFT),it is proposed that O-terminated surfaces would develop in a hypoxic environment due to the dynamic diffusion of Ov from the outer surface to the subsurface.Furthermore,in a reductive environment,H2 facilitates the formation and diffusion of Ov while Ce-terminated surfaces develope.These results reveal dynamic atomic-scale interplay between the nanoceria surface and gas,thereby providing fundamental insights into the Ov-dependent reaction of nano-CeO_(2) during catalytic processes.展开更多
Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this paper consists of two parts.In the previous Part 1,existing EO optical sensory imagederived Level 2/Analysi...Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this paper consists of two parts.In the previous Part 1,existing EO optical sensory imagederived Level 2/Analysis Ready Data(ARD)products and processes are critically compared,to overcome their lack of harmonization/standardization/interoperability and suitability in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.In the present Part 2,original contributions comprise,at the Marr five levels of system understanding:(1)an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD co-product pair requirements specification.First,in the pursuit of third-level semantic/ontological interoperability,a novel ARD symbolic(categorical and semantic)co-product,known as Scene Classification Map(SCM),adopts an augmented Cloud versus Not-Cloud taxonomy,whose Not-Cloud class legend complies with the standard fully-nested Land Cover Classification System’s Dichotomous Phase taxonomy proposed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.Second,a novel ARD subsymbolic numerical co-product,specifically,a panchromatic or multispectral EO image whose dimensionless digital numbers are radiometrically calibrated into a physical unit of radiometric measure,ranging from top-of-atmosphere reflectance to surface reflectance and surface albedo values,in a five-stage radiometric correction sequence.(2)An original ARD process requirements specification.(3)An innovative ARD processing system design(architecture),where stepwise SCM generation and stepwise SCM-conditional EO optical image radiometric correction are alternated in sequence.(4)An original modular hierarchical hybrid(combined deductive and inductive)computer vision subsystem design,provided with feedback loops,where software solutions at the Marr two shallowest levels of system understanding,specifically,algorithm and implementation,are selected from the scientific literature,to benefit from their technology readiness level as proof of feasibility,required in 展开更多
Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory imagederived semantics-enriched An...Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory imagederived semantics-enriched Analysis Ready Data(ARD)productpair and process gold standard as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.To be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO big data providers,it is regarded as necessarybut-not-sufficient“horizontal”(enabling)precondition for:(I)Transforming existing EO big raster-based data cubes at the midstream segment,typically affected by the so-called data-rich information-poor syndrome,into a new generation of semanticsenabled EO big raster-based numerical data and vector-based categorical(symbolic,semi-symbolic or subsymbolic)information cube management systems,eligible for semantic content-based image retrieval and semantics-enabled information/knowledge discovery.(II)Boosting the downstream segment in the development of an ever-increasing ensemble of“vertical”(deep and narrow,user-specific and domain-dependent)value–adding information products and services,suitable for a potentially huge worldwide market of institutional and private end-users of space technology.For the sake of readability,this paper consists of two parts.In the present Part 1,first,background notions in the remote sensing metascience domain are critically revised for harmonization across the multidisciplinary domain of cognitive science.In short,keyword“information”is disambiguated into the two complementary notions of quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing and qualitative/equivocal/inherently ill-posed information-as-data-interpretation.Moreover,buzzword“artificial intelligence”is disambiguated into the two better-constrained notions of Artificial Narrow Intelligence as part-without-inheritance-of AGI.Second,based on a betterdefined and better-understood vocabulary of multidisciplinary terms,existing EO 展开更多
文摘目的探讨大剂量维生素C在支气管哮喘大鼠肺部感染中的疗效及对肺功能的影响。方法制作人工感染支气管哮喘肺部感染大鼠的模型,随机分为两组,各82只(排除2只),对照组使用小剂量维生素C治疗,研究组运用大剂量维生素C治疗。对比两组大鼠的治疗效果,血清因子血小板活化因子(Platelet-activating factor,PAF)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α,MIP-1α)、可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1,sTREM-1)、降钙素原(PCT)、心钠肽(Atrial natriuretic polypeptide,ANP)、抗氧化水平超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-Px)及肺功能一秒用力呼气容积(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、一秒钟用力呼气量与用力肺活量比值(Forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio,FEV1%)、一秒钟用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)以及6分钟步行试验(6-MinuteWalk Test,6MWT)的影响。结果研究组大鼠的治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.001);研究组大鼠的SOD为(351.25±50.75)NU/ml低于对照组(P<0.05),而MDA为(4.59±1.62)nmol/L高于对照组(P<0.05),但GSH-Px差异无统计学意义;研究组大鼠血清PAF、MIP-1α、sTREM-1、PCT分别为(133.87±785.15)mU/ml、(20.83±2.27)pg/ml、(85.42±7.92)pg/ml、(0.66±0.12)ng/ml均低于对照组(P<0.05),而ANP为(9.51±0.87)mg/L高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前两组大鼠肺功能差异无统计学意义,治疗后研究组大鼠FEV1、FEV1百分比(FEV1%)、FEV1/FVC及6MWT分别为(2.85±0.63)L、(42.16±5.92)%、(69.74±7.84)%及(308.97±42.13)m高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论支气管哮喘大鼠肺部感染治疗过程中,大剂量维生素C的治疗效果较好,具有一定的临床价值。
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(2021YFA1200201)the Natural Science Foundation of China(51872008)+1 种基金the"111"Project under the DB18015 grantBeijing Outstanding Young Scientists Projects(BJJWZYJH01201910005018)。
文摘The extremely high structural tolerance of ceria to oxygen vacancies(Ov)has made it a desirable catalytic material for the hydrocarbon oxidation to chemicals and pharmaceuticals and the reduction of gaseous pollutants.It is proposed that the formation and diffusion of Ov originate from its outstanding reduction property.However,the formation and diffusion process of Ov over the surface of ceria at the atomic level is still unknown.Herein,the structural and valence evolution of CeO_(2)(111)surfaces in reductive,oxidative and vacuum environments from room temperature up to 700℃was studied with in situ aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy(ETEM)experiments.Ov is found to form under a high vacuum at elevated temperatures;however,the surface can recover to the initial state through the adsorption of oxygen atoms in an oxygen-contained environment.Furthermore,in hydrogen environment,the step-CeO_(2)(111)surface is not stable at elevated temperatures;thus,the steps tend to be eliminated with increasing temperature.Combined with first-principles density function calculations(DFT),it is proposed that O-terminated surfaces would develop in a hypoxic environment due to the dynamic diffusion of Ov from the outer surface to the subsurface.Furthermore,in a reductive environment,H2 facilitates the formation and diffusion of Ov while Ce-terminated surfaces develope.These results reveal dynamic atomic-scale interplay between the nanoceria surface and gas,thereby providing fundamental insights into the Ov-dependent reaction of nano-CeO_(2) during catalytic processes.
基金ASAP 16 project call,project title:SemantiX-A cross-sensor semantic EO data cube to open and leverage essential climate variables with scientists and the public,Grant ID:878939ASAP 17 project call,project title:SIMS-Soil sealing identification and monitoring system,Grant ID:885365.
文摘Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this paper consists of two parts.In the previous Part 1,existing EO optical sensory imagederived Level 2/Analysis Ready Data(ARD)products and processes are critically compared,to overcome their lack of harmonization/standardization/interoperability and suitability in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.In the present Part 2,original contributions comprise,at the Marr five levels of system understanding:(1)an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD co-product pair requirements specification.First,in the pursuit of third-level semantic/ontological interoperability,a novel ARD symbolic(categorical and semantic)co-product,known as Scene Classification Map(SCM),adopts an augmented Cloud versus Not-Cloud taxonomy,whose Not-Cloud class legend complies with the standard fully-nested Land Cover Classification System’s Dichotomous Phase taxonomy proposed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.Second,a novel ARD subsymbolic numerical co-product,specifically,a panchromatic or multispectral EO image whose dimensionless digital numbers are radiometrically calibrated into a physical unit of radiometric measure,ranging from top-of-atmosphere reflectance to surface reflectance and surface albedo values,in a five-stage radiometric correction sequence.(2)An original ARD process requirements specification.(3)An innovative ARD processing system design(architecture),where stepwise SCM generation and stepwise SCM-conditional EO optical image radiometric correction are alternated in sequence.(4)An original modular hierarchical hybrid(combined deductive and inductive)computer vision subsystem design,provided with feedback loops,where software solutions at the Marr two shallowest levels of system understanding,specifically,algorithm and implementation,are selected from the scientific literature,to benefit from their technology readiness level as proof of feasibility,required in
文摘Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory imagederived semantics-enriched Analysis Ready Data(ARD)productpair and process gold standard as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.To be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO big data providers,it is regarded as necessarybut-not-sufficient“horizontal”(enabling)precondition for:(I)Transforming existing EO big raster-based data cubes at the midstream segment,typically affected by the so-called data-rich information-poor syndrome,into a new generation of semanticsenabled EO big raster-based numerical data and vector-based categorical(symbolic,semi-symbolic or subsymbolic)information cube management systems,eligible for semantic content-based image retrieval and semantics-enabled information/knowledge discovery.(II)Boosting the downstream segment in the development of an ever-increasing ensemble of“vertical”(deep and narrow,user-specific and domain-dependent)value–adding information products and services,suitable for a potentially huge worldwide market of institutional and private end-users of space technology.For the sake of readability,this paper consists of two parts.In the present Part 1,first,background notions in the remote sensing metascience domain are critically revised for harmonization across the multidisciplinary domain of cognitive science.In short,keyword“information”is disambiguated into the two complementary notions of quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing and qualitative/equivocal/inherently ill-posed information-as-data-interpretation.Moreover,buzzword“artificial intelligence”is disambiguated into the two better-constrained notions of Artificial Narrow Intelligence as part-without-inheritance-of AGI.Second,based on a betterdefined and better-understood vocabulary of multidisciplinary terms,existing EO
