Background:Prenatal nutrition is crucial for embryonic development and neonatal growth,and has the potential to be a main determinant of life-long health.In the present study,we used a layer chick model to investigate...Background:Prenatal nutrition is crucial for embryonic development and neonatal growth,and has the potential to be a main determinant of life-long health.In the present study,we used a layer chick model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding(IOF)of L-arginine(Arg)on growth,intestinal development,intestinal microbiota and metabolism.The treatments included the non-injected control,saline-injected control,and saline containing 2,6,or 10 mg Arg groups.Results:IOF Arg increased early intestinal index and villus height,and enhanced uptake of residual yolk lipid,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance of chicks.Prenatal Arg supplementation also increased the early microbialα-diversity,the relative abundance of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales,and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria of cecum in chicks.Furthermore,the shift of cecal microbiota composition and the colonization of potential probiotics were accelerated by IOF of Arg.Simultaneously,metabolomics showed that metabolisms of galactose,taurine-conjugated bile acids and lipids were modulated to direct more energy and nutrients towards rapid growth of intestine at the beginning of post-hatch when embryos received IOF of Arg.Conclusions:Prenatal Arg supplementation showed beneficial effects on the early intestinal development,cecal microbiota and host metabolism of layer chicks,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance.These findings provide new insight into the role of IOF of Arg in the establishment of the gut microbiota of newly-hatched layer chicks,and can expand our fundamental knowledge about prenatal nutrition,early bacterial colonization and intestinal development in neonate.展开更多
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc （Zn） injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres b...Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc （Zn） injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres broiler breeders. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine an optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0.1 mL sterilized water at 3, 6 and 9 embryonic days of incubation （E3, E6 and E9） or non-injection （the control）, respectively. The results from experiment 1 showed that E3 and E6 injections increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortalities, and decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared to the non-injected control, but no differences （P〉0.05） between E9 injection and the non-injected control were observed in either embryonic mortality or hatchability. The findings suggest that the E9 is the optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. In experiment 2, a total of 672 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 16 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0 （the negative control）, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 μg Zn/egg as reagent grade ZnSO4.7H20 in a 0.1-mL solution, or non-injection （the positive control）, respectively at E9-10. The results from the experiment 2 demonstrated that no differences （P〉0.05） among 50 and 100 μg Zn/egg groups and the negative control were observed in the embryonic mortality and hatchability, however, the injection of 200 μg Zn/egg increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortality, and injections of 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared with the controls. The embryonic tibia Zn contents at E20 were increased （P〈0.05） by injections of 150, 200 and 250μg Zn/egg. Zinc inj展开更多
Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals.As the active center of selenoproteins,the addition of selenium is beneficial to enhance the antioxidant ability.However,the high cost limits the applicati...Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals.As the active center of selenoproteins,the addition of selenium is beneficial to enhance the antioxidant ability.However,the high cost limits the application of organic Se in agriculture animal production.Selenized glucose(SeGlu)is a newly invented organoselenium material with good stability,low toxicity and low cost.This assay found that SeGlu was able to increase selenium deposition in liver of newborn broilers,and enhance the antioxidant capacity of liver by elevating the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.This paper as the first example clarifying the mechanism of SeGlu to enhance the antioxidant ability of chicks,shows that SeGlu can be used as an organic selenium enrichment additive for early nutrition of poultry.As a cross-discipline study involving chemistry,biology and agriculture animal science,the work may be beneficial for studies in related fields and prompt the development of the selenium science.展开更多
Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth.The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of D...Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth.The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health.Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype.The treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for analysis.The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(P<0.05)compared to the control.The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P<0.05).The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P<0.05).In conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions.Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.展开更多
Background Dietary supplementation of xylooligosac charides(XOS) has been found to influence gut health by manipulating cecal microbiota and producing microbe-origin metabolites.But no study investigated and compared ...Background Dietary supplementation of xylooligosac charides(XOS) has been found to influence gut health by manipulating cecal microbiota and producing microbe-origin metabolites.But no study investigated and compared the effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose(XOS2) and xy lotriose(XOS3) in chickens.This study investigated the effect of in ovo feeding of these XOS compounds on post-hatch gut health parameters in chickens.A total of 144 fertilized chicken eggs were divided into three groups:a) non-injected control(CON),b) XOS2,and c) XOS3.On the 17^(th) embryonic day,the eggs of the XOS2 and XOS3 groups were injected with 3 mg of XOS2 and XOS3 diluted in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline through the amniotic sac.After hatching,the chicks were raised for 21 d.Blood was collected on d 14 to measure plasma immunoglobulin.Cecal digests were collected for measuring short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) on d 14 and 21,and for microbial ecology and microbial metabolic pathway analyses on d 7 and 21.Results The results were considered significantly different at P<0.05.ELISA quantified plasma IgA and IgG on d 14chickens,revealing no differences among the treatments.Gas chromatography results showed no significant differences in the concentrations of cecal SCFAs on d 14 but significant differences on d 21.However;the SCFA concentrations were lower in the XOS3 than in the CON group on d 21.The cecal metagenomics data showed that the abundance of the family Clostridiaceae significantly decreased on d 7,and the abundance of the family Oscillospiraceae increased on d 21 in the XOS2 compared to the CON.There was a reduction in the relative abundance of genus Clostridium sense stricto 1 in the XOS2 compared to the CON on d 7 and the genus Ruminococcus,torques in both XOS2 and XOS3 groups compared to the CON on d 21.The XOS2 and XOS3 groups reduced the genes for chondroitin sulfate degradation Ⅰ and L-histidine degradation Ⅰpathways,which contribute to improved gut health,respectivelyc in the microbiome on d 7.In contrast,on d 21,the XOS2 a展开更多
Background： A leptin-like immunoreactive substance has been found in chicken eggs and has been implicated in serving as a maternal signal to program offspring growth and metabolism. In the present study, we investiga...Background： A leptin-like immunoreactive substance has been found in chicken eggs and has been implicated in serving as a maternal signal to program offspring growth and metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of in ovo leptin administration on hatch weight, serum and hepatic concentrations of metabolites and hormones, as well as on the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and the predicted microRNAs （miRNAs） targeting the affected genes. To this end we injected fertile eggs with either 0.5 μg of recombinant murine leptin or vehicle （PBS） before incubation.Results： Prenatally leptin-exposed chicks showed lower hatch weight, but higher liver weight relative to the body weight, compared to the control group. In ovo leptin treatment increased the hepatic content and serum concentration of leptin in newly hatched chickens. The hepatic contents of triglycerides （TG） and total cholesterol （Tch） were decreased, whereas the serum levels of TG, Tch and apolipoprotein B （ApoB） were increased. The hepatic mRNA expression of sterol regulator element binding protein 1 （SREBP-1c）, SREBP-2, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase （HMGCR） and cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase 1 （CYP7A1） was significantly up-regulated, as was the protein content of both SREBP-1 c and SREBP-2 in hepatic nuclear extracts of leptin-treated chickens. Moreover, out of 12 miRNAs targeting SREBP-1c and/or HMGCR, five were significantly up-regulated in liver of leptin-treated chicks, including gga-miR-200b and gga-miR-429, which target both SREBP-1c and HMGCR.Conclusions： These results suggest that leptin in ovo decreases hatch weight, and modifies hepatic leptin secretion and lipid metabolism in newly hatched broiler chickens, possibly via microRNA-mediated gene regulation.展开更多
Healthy chickens are necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for poultry meat.Birds are subjected to numerous stressful conditions under commercial rearing systems,including variations in the envi-ronmental tempe...Healthy chickens are necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for poultry meat.Birds are subjected to numerous stressful conditions under commercial rearing systems,including variations in the envi-ronmental temperature.However,it is difficult to counter the effects of global warming on the livestock industry.High environmental temperature is a stressful condition that has detrimental effects on growth and production performance,resulting in decreased feed intake,retarded growth,compromised gut health,enhanced oxidative stress,and altered immune responses.Traditional approaches include nutritional modification and housing management to mitigate the harmful effects of hot environments.Currently,broiler chickens are more susceptible to heat stress(HS)than layer chickens because of their high muscle mass and metabolic rate.In this review,we explored the possibility of in ovo manipulation to combat HS in broiler chickens.Given their short lifespan from hatching to market age,embryonic life is thought to be one of the critical periods for achieving these objectives.Chicken embryos can be modulated through either temperature treatment or nourishment to improve thermal tolerance during the rearing phase.We first provided a brief overview of the harmful effects of HS on poultry.An in-depth evaluation was then presented for in ovo feeding and thermal manipulation as emerging strategies to combat the negative effects of HS.Finally,we evaluated a combination of the two methods using the available data.Taken together,these investigations suggest that embryonic manipulation has the po-tential to confer heat resistance in chickens.展开更多
Background: Among various feed additives currently used in poultry nutrition, an important role is played by bioactive substances, including prebiotics. The beneficial effect of these bioactive substances on the gastr...Background: Among various feed additives currently used in poultry nutrition, an important role is played by bioactive substances, including prebiotics. The beneficial effect of these bioactive substances on the gastrointestinal tract and immune system give rise to improvements in broiler health and performance nutrition, thus increasing the productivity of these birds. An innovative method for introducing bioactive substances into chickens is the in ovo injection into eggs intended for hatching. The aim of the study was to evaluate the development of histomorphological parameters of the duodenum and productivity in chickens injected in ovo with the prebiotic DiNovo~?(extract of Laminaria species of seaweed, BioA tlantis Ltd., Ireland) on d 12 of incubation, under large-scale, high density poultry production conditions.Results: There was no significant impact of the injection of DiNovo~? prebiotic on the production parameters of broiler chickens(body weight, FCR, EBI and mortality) obtained on d 42 of rearing. No significant impact of the DiNovo~? injection on the duodenum weight and length was observed, as wel as on the CSA, diameter and muscular layer thickness of the duodenum. The in ovo injection of DiNovo~? significantly increased the width of the duodenal vil i(P < 0.05) and crypt depth(P < 0.01) of chickens on d 21 of rearing. Other histomorphological parameters of duodenal vil i at d 42 of chickens rearing such as: the height, width, and cross section area of vil i were significantly greater in chickens from the control group compared to those from the DiNovo~? group(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that injection of DiNovo~? prebiotic into the air chamber of egg significantly influences the histomorphological parameters on d 21 of rearing without negatively affecting productivity in chickens at the end of rearing.展开更多
Background： Application the innovative method which is in ovo technology provides a means of modulating the immune system at early embryonic stages. The aim of study was to determine influence of the in ovo stimulati...Background： Application the innovative method which is in ovo technology provides a means of modulating the immune system at early embryonic stages. The aim of study was to determine influence of the in ovo stimulation, on d12 of incubation, with synbiotics（synbiotic 1-L. salivarius IBB3154 ＋ Bi^2tos, Clasado Ltd. and the synbiotic 2-L. plantarum IBB3036 ＋ lupin RFOs） on the microstructure of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in the 1^（st） and 42^（nd）day of rearing.Results： On the 1^（st） day of chickens life, in the duodenum of both experimental groups（SYN1 and SYN2）, a significantly higher and wider intestinal vil i as wel as a significantly larger absorbent surface of these villi were found in comparison with the Control group（P ≤ 0.01）. On the 42^（nd）day of rearing the beneficial effect of synbiotic 1 was reflected by the numerical y higher vil i（no statistical differences） with a larger surface（P ≤ 0.01） in the duodenum in the SYN1 group compare to the Control group. In the jejunum on the 1^（st） day of life, in the SYN1 group, significantly higher vil i than in the Control group, with a simultaneous decrease in the depth of crypts（P ≤ 0.01）, and also the largest width of vil i and their absorbent area（P ≤ 0.01） in comparison to the other groups were found. On the 42^（nd）day of life, in the jejunum, an increase in the height of the vil i whilst reducing the crypt depth in the SYN2 group was found（P ≤ 0.01）. In turn, in the SYN1 group, there were significantly more neutral goblet cel s observed compared with the control group（P ≤ 0.05）. In the ileum of 1-day-old chickens, the widest vil i（P ≤ 0.05） and the deepest crypts（P ≤ 0.01） were found in the SYN2 group. In the same group, there was also the least amount of neutral goblet cel s in comparison to the other groups（P ≤ 0.05）.Conclusions： We observed that synbiotic 1 and 2 beneficial y affected the examined characteristics on the 1^（st） and 42^（nd） day of life展开更多
Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized...Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups:i)normal saline control(NSC),ii)xylotriose(XOS3),iii)xylotetraose(XOS4),iv)mannotriose(MOS3),v)mannotetraose(MOS4),and vi)no injection control(NIC),each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per replicate.On d 17 of incubation,3 mg of oligosaccharides(except for controls)dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85%normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers eggs.After hatch,the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum,and samples were collected periodically.Results:The hatchability,growth performance,and relative weights of breast,drumstick,liver,and proventriculus were not different among the treatments(P>0.05).The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups(P<0.05).The villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in the XOS4 group than both controls on the hatch day(P<0.01)but were not different among any treatments on d 7 and 28(P>0.05).On the hatch day,the expression level of the CD3 gene(a T cell marker)was increased by XOS3,while the IL-10 gene(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)was reduced by MOS4(P<0.05)compared with both controls.Compared with both controls,XOS3 exhibited a trend of reduction for IL-10(P=0.074).No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7(P>0.05),except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC(P<0.05).The broilers in the MOS4 group had higher operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and had more differentially abundant taxa,including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae(P<0.05)than both controls on d 28.The predictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway was enriched in the cecal microbiota of the XOS3 展开更多
Numerous researchers and institutions have been developing in ovo sexing technologies to improve animal welfare by identifying male embryos in an early embryonic stage and disposing of them before pain perception.This...Numerous researchers and institutions have been developing in ovo sexing technologies to improve animal welfare by identifying male embryos in an early embryonic stage and disposing of them before pain perception.This review gives a complete overview of the technological approaches reported in papers and patents by performing a thorough search using Web of Science and Patstat/Espacenet databases for papers and patents,respectively.Based on a total of 49 papers and 115 patent families reported until May 2023 worldwide,11 technology categories were defined:6 non-optical and 5 optical techniques.Every category was described for its characteristics while assessing its potential for application.Next,the dynamics of the publications of in ovo sexing techniques in both paper and patent fields were described through growth curves,and the interest or actual status was visualized using the number of paper citations and the actual legal status of the patents.When comparing the reported technologies in papers to those in patents,scientific gaps were observed,as some of the patented technologies were not reported in the scientific literature,e.g.,ion mobility and mass spectrometry approaches.Generally,more diverse approaches in all categories were found in patents,although they do require more scientific evidence through papers or industrial adoption to prove their robustness.Moreover,although there is a recent trend for non-invasive techniques,invasive methods like analyzing DNA through PCR or hormones through immunosensing are still being reported(and might continue to be)in papers and patents.It was also observed that none of the technologies complies with all the industry requirements,although 5 companies already entered the market.On the one hand,more research and harmony between consumers,industry,and governments is necessary.On the other hand,close monitoring of the market performance of the currently available techniques will offer valuable insights into the potential and expectations of in ovo sexing techniques in th展开更多
Objective:To investigate effects of in ovo ghrelin administration on serum malondialdehyde(MDA)level in newly-hatched chickens.Methods:Fertilized eggs were divided into 7 groups:group Tl as control(without injection),...Objective:To investigate effects of in ovo ghrelin administration on serum malondialdehyde(MDA)level in newly-hatched chickens.Methods:Fertilized eggs were divided into 7 groups:group Tl as control(without injection),group T2(in ovo injected with 50 ng/egg ghrelin on day 5),group T3(in ovo injected with 100 ng/egg ghrelin on day 5),group T4(in ovo injected with 50 ng/egg ghrelin on day 10),group T5(in ovo injected with 100 ng/egg ghrelin on day 10),group T6(in ovo injected with solvent:1%acetic acid,without ghrelin on day 5)and group T7(in ovo injected with solvent without ghrelin on day 10).After hatching,serum MDA concentrations were determined.Results:Chrelin administrated groups(T2,T3,T4 and T5)had lower serum MDA level in comparison with control group(T1)or solvent injected groups(T6 and T7).T2 and T3(ghrelin injection on day 5)had significantly lower MDA concentrations(4.10 and 4.60 nmol/mL,respectively)in comparison with other groups.In T4 and T5,MDA levels were lower than T1,T6 and T7(non-ghrelin administrated groups)(9.53 and 9.50 in comparison with 10.73,10.03 and 10.13 nmol/mL)and were higher than T2and T3.Conclusions:It can be concluded that in ovo administration of ghrelin can have antioxidative protection and reduce serum MDA level.Ghrelin administration on day 5 of incubation is more efficient.展开更多
Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding(IOF).We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promotin...Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding(IOF).We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promoting proliferation and differentiation of multipotent small intestinal epithelial cells.Broiler embryos(n=128)were subject to IOF of glutamine(IOF-Gln),leucine(IOF-Leu),NaCl(IOF-NaCl)or no injection(control)at embryonic d 17(E 17).Multipotent,progenitor and differentiated cells were located and quantified in the small intestinal epithelium between E 17 and d 7 after hatch(D 7)in all treatment groups by immunofluorescence of SRY-box transcription factor 9(Sox9)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),in-situ hybridization of leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5)and peptide transporter 1(PepT1)and histochemical goblet cell staining.The effects of IOF treatments at E 19(48 h post-IOF),in comparison to control embryos,were as follows:total cell counts increased by 40%,33%and 19%,and multipotent cell counts increased by 52%,50%and 38%,in IOF-Gln,IOF-Leu and IOF-NaCl embryos,respectively.Only IOF-Gln embryos exhibited a significance,36%increase in progenitor cell counts.All IOF treatments shifted Lgr5+ stem cell localizations to villus bottoms.The differentiated,PepT1+region of the villi was 1.9 and 1.3-fold longer in IOF-Gln and IOF-Leu embryos,respectively,while goblet cell densities decreased by 20%in IOF-Gln embryos.Postehatch,crypt and villi epithelial cell counts were significantly higher IOF-Gln chicks,compared to control chicks(P<0.05).We conclude IOF of glutamine stimulates small intestinal maturation and functionality during the peri-hatch period by promoting multipotent cell proliferation and differentiation,resulting in enhanced compartmentalization of multipotent and differentiated cell niches and expansions of the absorptive surface area.展开更多
Background: In order to discover new strategies to replace antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era in meat-type chicken production, two new synbiotics were tested:(Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154 plus galactooligosacc...Background: In order to discover new strategies to replace antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era in meat-type chicken production, two new synbiotics were tested:(Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154 plus galactooligosaccharide(Syn1) and Lactobacillus plantarum IBB3036 plus raffinose family oligosaccharides(Syn2).Methods: The synbiotics were administered via syringe, using a special automatic system, into the egg air chamber of Cobb 500 broiler chicks on the 12 thday of egg incubation(2 mg of prebiotics + 105 cfu bacteria per egg).Hatched roosters(total 2,400) were reared on an experimental farm, kept in pens(75 animals per pen), with free access to feed and water. After 42 d animals were slaughtered. Blood serum, pancreas, duodenum and duodenum content were collected.Results: Syn2 increased trypsin activity by 2.5-fold in the pancreas and 1.5-fold in the duodenal content. In the duodenum content, Syn2 resulted in ca 30% elevation in lipase activity and 70% reduction in amylase activity.Syn1 and Syn2 strongly decreased expression of m RNA for GLP-1 and GIP in the duodenum and for GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas. Simultaneously, concentrations of the incretins significantly diminished in the blood serum(P < 0.05). The decreased expression of incretins coincides with changed activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and in the duodenal content. The results indicate that incretins are involved in the action of Syn1 and Syn2 or that they may even be their target. No changes were observed in key hormones regulating metabolism(insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, thyroid hormones, and leptin) or in metabolic indices(glucose,NEFA, triglycerides, cholesterol). Additionally, synbiotics did not cause significant changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in broiler chickens. Simultaneously, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase diminished after Syn2 and Syn1, respectively.Conclusion: The selected synbiotics may be used as in ovo additives for broiler chickens, and Syn2 展开更多
In this study, we determined the suitability of lentogenic LaSota and naturally occurring avirulent I2 vaccine strains of Newcastle disease (ND) virus for efficacious in-ovo vaccination of broiler chickens. A total of...In this study, we determined the suitability of lentogenic LaSota and naturally occurring avirulent I2 vaccine strains of Newcastle disease (ND) virus for efficacious in-ovo vaccination of broiler chickens. A total of 114 embyonated eggs divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) consisting of 25 eggs in each of groups A and B, 20 eggs in each of groups C and D and 24 eggs in group E were used in the study. Eighteen-day-old embryonated eggs in group A were vaccinated in-ovo with ND-I2 vaccine while the same age of embryos in group B were vaccinated with ND-LaSota. Thirteen-day-old embryonated eggs in groups C and D were vaccinated with ND-I2 and ND-LaSota respectively. Group E served as unvaccinated control. There was significant difference (p 2) used for the in-ovo vaccination were pathogenic for chick embryos, however, ND-I2 vaccine was better tolerated when administered to 18-day-old chick embryo.展开更多
Objective: To examine the anti-angiogenic potential of Artocarpus heterophyllus(A. heterophyllus) seed extract in chicken chorioallantoic membrane(CAM).Methods: This study used chicken CAM ex ovo culture to examine th...Objective: To examine the anti-angiogenic potential of Artocarpus heterophyllus(A. heterophyllus) seed extract in chicken chorioallantoic membrane(CAM).Methods: This study used chicken CAM ex ovo culture to examine the potential antiangiogenic activity of A. heterophyllus seed methanolic extract. Basic fibroblast growth factor was used to induce the ectopic formation of blood vessels on CAM treated with extract. Blood vessel number was assessed by macroscopic and microscopic observation,and compared and analyzed for all treatments and controls.Results: Macroscopic observation revealed that a dose of 35 mg/m L of methanolic extract of A. heterophyllus seeds could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis by 61% in chicken CAM ex ovo culture. This concurred with microscopic observations on the histological structure of blood vessels, which indicated that extract treatment repressed the formation of new blood vessels.Conclusions: This is the first study to report the anti-angiogenic effect of methanolic extract derived from A. heterophyllus seeds and its potential as a candidate for future anticancer therapy.展开更多
The intestinal health of chick embryos is vital for their life-long growth,and exogenous nutrition intervention may provide sufficient nutrition for embryonic development.In the present study,we investigated the effec...The intestinal health of chick embryos is vital for their life-long growth,and exogenous nutrition intervention may provide sufficient nutrition for embryonic development.In the present study,we investigated the effect of in ovo injection of L-methionine(L-Met)on the intestinal structure and barrier function of chick embryos.There were 4 groups of treatments:the control(CON)group injected with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)and the other 3 groups injected with 5,10,and 20 mg L-Met/egg,respectively.The injection was performed on embryonic day 9(E9),and intestinal samples were collected on the day of hatching for analysis.The results showed that,compared with the CON group,the groups administered an in ovo injection of L-Met increased relative weights of the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum(P<0.05).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining showed that the groups injected with 5,10,and 20 mg L-Met significantly increased villus height and crypt depth(P<0.05).Moreover,in ovo injection of 10 mg L-Met also increased the transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)of the jejunum(P<0.05).Injection with 10 and 20 mg L-Met increased the expression of the tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and claudin-1)and the fluorescence signal intensity of Ki67 and villin proteins(P<0.05).Further,the protein expression of phospho-Janus kinase 2(p-JAK2)and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p-STAT3)was significantly increased by 10 or 20 mg L-Met injection(P<0.05).In conclusion,the injection of L-Met,especially at a dose of 10 mg,showed beneficial effects on the intestinal integrity of chick embryos due to the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Our results may provide new insights for regulating the intestinal development of embryonic chicks and the rapid growth of chicks after hatching.展开更多
基金This study was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0500500)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-40-K12)+1 种基金Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC04–2018)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Background:Prenatal nutrition is crucial for embryonic development and neonatal growth,and has the potential to be a main determinant of life-long health.In the present study,we used a layer chick model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding(IOF)of L-arginine(Arg)on growth,intestinal development,intestinal microbiota and metabolism.The treatments included the non-injected control,saline-injected control,and saline containing 2,6,or 10 mg Arg groups.Results:IOF Arg increased early intestinal index and villus height,and enhanced uptake of residual yolk lipid,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance of chicks.Prenatal Arg supplementation also increased the early microbialα-diversity,the relative abundance of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales,and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria of cecum in chicks.Furthermore,the shift of cecal microbiota composition and the colonization of potential probiotics were accelerated by IOF of Arg.Simultaneously,metabolomics showed that metabolisms of galactose,taurine-conjugated bile acids and lipids were modulated to direct more energy and nutrients towards rapid growth of intestine at the beginning of post-hatch when embryos received IOF of Arg.Conclusions:Prenatal Arg supplementation showed beneficial effects on the early intestinal development,cecal microbiota and host metabolism of layer chicks,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance.These findings provide new insight into the role of IOF of Arg in the establishment of the gut microbiota of newly-hatched layer chicks,and can expand our fundamental knowledge about prenatal nutrition,early bacterial colonization and intestinal development in neonate.
基金supported by the Key International Cooperation Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31110103916)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, China (ASTIPIAS08)the earmaked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-42)
文摘Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc （Zn） injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres broiler breeders. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine an optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0.1 mL sterilized water at 3, 6 and 9 embryonic days of incubation （E3, E6 and E9） or non-injection （the control）, respectively. The results from experiment 1 showed that E3 and E6 injections increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortalities, and decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared to the non-injected control, but no differences （P〉0.05） between E9 injection and the non-injected control were observed in either embryonic mortality or hatchability. The findings suggest that the E9 is the optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. In experiment 2, a total of 672 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 16 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0 （the negative control）, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 μg Zn/egg as reagent grade ZnSO4.7H20 in a 0.1-mL solution, or non-injection （the positive control）, respectively at E9-10. The results from the experiment 2 demonstrated that no differences （P〉0.05） among 50 and 100 μg Zn/egg groups and the negative control were observed in the embryonic mortality and hatchability, however, the injection of 200 μg Zn/egg increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortality, and injections of 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared with the controls. The embryonic tibia Zn contents at E20 were increased （P〈0.05） by injections of 150, 200 and 250μg Zn/egg. Zinc inj
基金supported by the Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal genetic Breeding and Molecular Design(No.AGBMD202202)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(Nos.[CX(21)3131]and[CX(20)3010])+2 种基金the“JBGS”Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(Nos.[JBGS[2021]027 and JBGS[2021]105])the Science and Education Integration Project of Yangzhou University(No.[KJRH202115])Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals.As the active center of selenoproteins,the addition of selenium is beneficial to enhance the antioxidant ability.However,the high cost limits the application of organic Se in agriculture animal production.Selenized glucose(SeGlu)is a newly invented organoselenium material with good stability,low toxicity and low cost.This assay found that SeGlu was able to increase selenium deposition in liver of newborn broilers,and enhance the antioxidant capacity of liver by elevating the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.This paper as the first example clarifying the mechanism of SeGlu to enhance the antioxidant ability of chicks,shows that SeGlu can be used as an organic selenium enrichment additive for early nutrition of poultry.As a cross-discipline study involving chemistry,biology and agriculture animal science,the work may be beneficial for studies in related fields and prompt the development of the selenium science.
基金awarded a Stipendium Hungaricum Scholarship for Ph.D.studiesthe support of the OTKA grant(K139021)
文摘Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth.The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health.Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype.The treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for analysis.The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(P<0.05)compared to the control.The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P<0.05).The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P<0.05).In conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions.Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.
基金supported by the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture,Hatch-Multistate Fund,managed by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu,HI,USA。
文摘Background Dietary supplementation of xylooligosac charides(XOS) has been found to influence gut health by manipulating cecal microbiota and producing microbe-origin metabolites.But no study investigated and compared the effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose(XOS2) and xy lotriose(XOS3) in chickens.This study investigated the effect of in ovo feeding of these XOS compounds on post-hatch gut health parameters in chickens.A total of 144 fertilized chicken eggs were divided into three groups:a) non-injected control(CON),b) XOS2,and c) XOS3.On the 17^(th) embryonic day,the eggs of the XOS2 and XOS3 groups were injected with 3 mg of XOS2 and XOS3 diluted in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline through the amniotic sac.After hatching,the chicks were raised for 21 d.Blood was collected on d 14 to measure plasma immunoglobulin.Cecal digests were collected for measuring short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) on d 14 and 21,and for microbial ecology and microbial metabolic pathway analyses on d 7 and 21.Results The results were considered significantly different at P<0.05.ELISA quantified plasma IgA and IgG on d 14chickens,revealing no differences among the treatments.Gas chromatography results showed no significant differences in the concentrations of cecal SCFAs on d 14 but significant differences on d 21.However;the SCFA concentrations were lower in the XOS3 than in the CON group on d 21.The cecal metagenomics data showed that the abundance of the family Clostridiaceae significantly decreased on d 7,and the abundance of the family Oscillospiraceae increased on d 21 in the XOS2 compared to the CON.There was a reduction in the relative abundance of genus Clostridium sense stricto 1 in the XOS2 compared to the CON on d 7 and the genus Ruminococcus,torques in both XOS2 and XOS3 groups compared to the CON on d 21.The XOS2 and XOS3 groups reduced the genes for chondroitin sulfate degradation Ⅰ and L-histidine degradation Ⅰpathways,which contribute to improved gut health,respectivelyc in the microbiome on d 7.In contrast,on d 21,the XOS2 a
基金supported by the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund (U0931004)the Sino-German Cooperation in Agriculture (Project No. 28/04-05CHN7,2010-2011)+4 种基金the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201003011)the National "948" project (2011-S11)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2010296)the Doctor Foundation of the Institute of Poultry Science of Jiangsu Province (JQ201001)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Background： A leptin-like immunoreactive substance has been found in chicken eggs and has been implicated in serving as a maternal signal to program offspring growth and metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of in ovo leptin administration on hatch weight, serum and hepatic concentrations of metabolites and hormones, as well as on the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and the predicted microRNAs （miRNAs） targeting the affected genes. To this end we injected fertile eggs with either 0.5 μg of recombinant murine leptin or vehicle （PBS） before incubation.Results： Prenatally leptin-exposed chicks showed lower hatch weight, but higher liver weight relative to the body weight, compared to the control group. In ovo leptin treatment increased the hepatic content and serum concentration of leptin in newly hatched chickens. The hepatic contents of triglycerides （TG） and total cholesterol （Tch） were decreased, whereas the serum levels of TG, Tch and apolipoprotein B （ApoB） were increased. The hepatic mRNA expression of sterol regulator element binding protein 1 （SREBP-1c）, SREBP-2, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase （HMGCR） and cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase 1 （CYP7A1） was significantly up-regulated, as was the protein content of both SREBP-1 c and SREBP-2 in hepatic nuclear extracts of leptin-treated chickens. Moreover, out of 12 miRNAs targeting SREBP-1c and/or HMGCR, five were significantly up-regulated in liver of leptin-treated chicks, including gga-miR-200b and gga-miR-429, which target both SREBP-1c and HMGCR.Conclusions： These results suggest that leptin in ovo decreases hatch weight, and modifies hepatic leptin secretion and lipid metabolism in newly hatched broiler chickens, possibly via microRNA-mediated gene regulation.
基金supported in part by the Brain Pool program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(2019H1D3A1A01071142)by the Forest Science and Technology R&D Program(2020193C10-2022-BA01)provided by Korea Forest Service(Korea Forestry Promo-tion Institute).
文摘Healthy chickens are necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for poultry meat.Birds are subjected to numerous stressful conditions under commercial rearing systems,including variations in the envi-ronmental temperature.However,it is difficult to counter the effects of global warming on the livestock industry.High environmental temperature is a stressful condition that has detrimental effects on growth and production performance,resulting in decreased feed intake,retarded growth,compromised gut health,enhanced oxidative stress,and altered immune responses.Traditional approaches include nutritional modification and housing management to mitigate the harmful effects of hot environments.Currently,broiler chickens are more susceptible to heat stress(HS)than layer chickens because of their high muscle mass and metabolic rate.In this review,we explored the possibility of in ovo manipulation to combat HS in broiler chickens.Given their short lifespan from hatching to market age,embryonic life is thought to be one of the critical periods for achieving these objectives.Chicken embryos can be modulated through either temperature treatment or nourishment to improve thermal tolerance during the rearing phase.We first provided a brief overview of the harmful effects of HS on poultry.An in-depth evaluation was then presented for in ovo feeding and thermal manipulation as emerging strategies to combat the negative effects of HS.Finally,we evaluated a combination of the two methods using the available data.Taken together,these investigations suggest that embryonic manipulation has the po-tential to confer heat resistance in chickens.
基金funded from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme managed by REA Research Executive Agency http://ec.europa.eu/research/rea(FP7/2007-2013)under grant agreement number:315198
文摘Background: Among various feed additives currently used in poultry nutrition, an important role is played by bioactive substances, including prebiotics. The beneficial effect of these bioactive substances on the gastrointestinal tract and immune system give rise to improvements in broiler health and performance nutrition, thus increasing the productivity of these birds. An innovative method for introducing bioactive substances into chickens is the in ovo injection into eggs intended for hatching. The aim of the study was to evaluate the development of histomorphological parameters of the duodenum and productivity in chickens injected in ovo with the prebiotic DiNovo~?(extract of Laminaria species of seaweed, BioA tlantis Ltd., Ireland) on d 12 of incubation, under large-scale, high density poultry production conditions.Results: There was no significant impact of the injection of DiNovo~? prebiotic on the production parameters of broiler chickens(body weight, FCR, EBI and mortality) obtained on d 42 of rearing. No significant impact of the DiNovo~? injection on the duodenum weight and length was observed, as wel as on the CSA, diameter and muscular layer thickness of the duodenum. The in ovo injection of DiNovo~? significantly increased the width of the duodenal vil i(P < 0.05) and crypt depth(P < 0.01) of chickens on d 21 of rearing. Other histomorphological parameters of duodenal vil i at d 42 of chickens rearing such as: the height, width, and cross section area of vil i were significantly greater in chickens from the control group compared to those from the DiNovo~? group(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that injection of DiNovo~? prebiotic into the air chamber of egg significantly influences the histomorphological parameters on d 21 of rearing without negatively affecting productivity in chickens at the end of rearing.
基金funded from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research,technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n°311,794co-financed from funds for science of the Polish Ministry of Science and Education allocated to an international project ECO FCE in the years 2013–2017
文摘Background： Application the innovative method which is in ovo technology provides a means of modulating the immune system at early embryonic stages. The aim of study was to determine influence of the in ovo stimulation, on d12 of incubation, with synbiotics（synbiotic 1-L. salivarius IBB3154 ＋ Bi^2tos, Clasado Ltd. and the synbiotic 2-L. plantarum IBB3036 ＋ lupin RFOs） on the microstructure of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in the 1^（st） and 42^（nd）day of rearing.Results： On the 1^（st） day of chickens life, in the duodenum of both experimental groups（SYN1 and SYN2）, a significantly higher and wider intestinal vil i as wel as a significantly larger absorbent surface of these villi were found in comparison with the Control group（P ≤ 0.01）. On the 42^（nd）day of rearing the beneficial effect of synbiotic 1 was reflected by the numerical y higher vil i（no statistical differences） with a larger surface（P ≤ 0.01） in the duodenum in the SYN1 group compare to the Control group. In the jejunum on the 1^（st） day of life, in the SYN1 group, significantly higher vil i than in the Control group, with a simultaneous decrease in the depth of crypts（P ≤ 0.01）, and also the largest width of vil i and their absorbent area（P ≤ 0.01） in comparison to the other groups were found. On the 42^（nd）day of life, in the jejunum, an increase in the height of the vil i whilst reducing the crypt depth in the SYN2 group was found（P ≤ 0.01）. In turn, in the SYN1 group, there were significantly more neutral goblet cel s observed compared with the control group（P ≤ 0.05）. In the ileum of 1-day-old chickens, the widest vil i（P ≤ 0.05） and the deepest crypts（P ≤ 0.01） were found in the SYN2 group. In the same group, there was also the least amount of neutral goblet cel s in comparison to the other groups（P ≤ 0.05）.Conclusions： We observed that synbiotic 1 and 2 beneficial y affected the examined characteristics on the 1^（st） and 42^（nd） day of life
基金supported by the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture,Hatch-Multistate Fundby the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu,HI,USA
文摘Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups:i)normal saline control(NSC),ii)xylotriose(XOS3),iii)xylotetraose(XOS4),iv)mannotriose(MOS3),v)mannotetraose(MOS4),and vi)no injection control(NIC),each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per replicate.On d 17 of incubation,3 mg of oligosaccharides(except for controls)dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85%normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers eggs.After hatch,the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum,and samples were collected periodically.Results:The hatchability,growth performance,and relative weights of breast,drumstick,liver,and proventriculus were not different among the treatments(P>0.05).The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups(P<0.05).The villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in the XOS4 group than both controls on the hatch day(P<0.01)but were not different among any treatments on d 7 and 28(P>0.05).On the hatch day,the expression level of the CD3 gene(a T cell marker)was increased by XOS3,while the IL-10 gene(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)was reduced by MOS4(P<0.05)compared with both controls.Compared with both controls,XOS3 exhibited a trend of reduction for IL-10(P=0.074).No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7(P>0.05),except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC(P<0.05).The broilers in the MOS4 group had higher operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and had more differentially abundant taxa,including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae(P<0.05)than both controls on d 28.The predictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway was enriched in the cecal microbiota of the XOS3
基金the Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research[EggTech-0000000028]the Research Foundation-Flanders[SB project 1SC7219N and SB project 1S54823N].
文摘Numerous researchers and institutions have been developing in ovo sexing technologies to improve animal welfare by identifying male embryos in an early embryonic stage and disposing of them before pain perception.This review gives a complete overview of the technological approaches reported in papers and patents by performing a thorough search using Web of Science and Patstat/Espacenet databases for papers and patents,respectively.Based on a total of 49 papers and 115 patent families reported until May 2023 worldwide,11 technology categories were defined:6 non-optical and 5 optical techniques.Every category was described for its characteristics while assessing its potential for application.Next,the dynamics of the publications of in ovo sexing techniques in both paper and patent fields were described through growth curves,and the interest or actual status was visualized using the number of paper citations and the actual legal status of the patents.When comparing the reported technologies in papers to those in patents,scientific gaps were observed,as some of the patented technologies were not reported in the scientific literature,e.g.,ion mobility and mass spectrometry approaches.Generally,more diverse approaches in all categories were found in patents,although they do require more scientific evidence through papers or industrial adoption to prove their robustness.Moreover,although there is a recent trend for non-invasive techniques,invasive methods like analyzing DNA through PCR or hormones through immunosensing are still being reported(and might continue to be)in papers and patents.It was also observed that none of the technologies complies with all the industry requirements,although 5 companies already entered the market.On the one hand,more research and harmony between consumers,industry,and governments is necessary.On the other hand,close monitoring of the market performance of the currently available techniques will offer valuable insights into the potential and expectations of in ovo sexing techniques in th
基金Supported by Shabcstar branch,Islamic Azad University,Iran
文摘Objective:To investigate effects of in ovo ghrelin administration on serum malondialdehyde(MDA)level in newly-hatched chickens.Methods:Fertilized eggs were divided into 7 groups:group Tl as control(without injection),group T2(in ovo injected with 50 ng/egg ghrelin on day 5),group T3(in ovo injected with 100 ng/egg ghrelin on day 5),group T4(in ovo injected with 50 ng/egg ghrelin on day 10),group T5(in ovo injected with 100 ng/egg ghrelin on day 10),group T6(in ovo injected with solvent:1%acetic acid,without ghrelin on day 5)and group T7(in ovo injected with solvent without ghrelin on day 10).After hatching,serum MDA concentrations were determined.Results:Chrelin administrated groups(T2,T3,T4 and T5)had lower serum MDA level in comparison with control group(T1)or solvent injected groups(T6 and T7).T2 and T3(ghrelin injection on day 5)had significantly lower MDA concentrations(4.10 and 4.60 nmol/mL,respectively)in comparison with other groups.In T4 and T5,MDA levels were lower than T1,T6 and T7(non-ghrelin administrated groups)(9.53 and 9.50 in comparison with 10.73,10.03 and 10.13 nmol/mL)and were higher than T2and T3.Conclusions:It can be concluded that in ovo administration of ghrelin can have antioxidative protection and reduce serum MDA level.Ghrelin administration on day 5 of incubation is more efficient.
基金This research was supported by Research Grant No.US-5074-18CR from the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development(BARD)Fund.
文摘Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding(IOF).We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promoting proliferation and differentiation of multipotent small intestinal epithelial cells.Broiler embryos(n=128)were subject to IOF of glutamine(IOF-Gln),leucine(IOF-Leu),NaCl(IOF-NaCl)or no injection(control)at embryonic d 17(E 17).Multipotent,progenitor and differentiated cells were located and quantified in the small intestinal epithelium between E 17 and d 7 after hatch(D 7)in all treatment groups by immunofluorescence of SRY-box transcription factor 9(Sox9)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),in-situ hybridization of leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5)and peptide transporter 1(PepT1)and histochemical goblet cell staining.The effects of IOF treatments at E 19(48 h post-IOF),in comparison to control embryos,were as follows:total cell counts increased by 40%,33%and 19%,and multipotent cell counts increased by 52%,50%and 38%,in IOF-Gln,IOF-Leu and IOF-NaCl embryos,respectively.Only IOF-Gln embryos exhibited a significance,36%increase in progenitor cell counts.All IOF treatments shifted Lgr5+ stem cell localizations to villus bottoms.The differentiated,PepT1+region of the villi was 1.9 and 1.3-fold longer in IOF-Gln and IOF-Leu embryos,respectively,while goblet cell densities decreased by 20%in IOF-Gln embryos.Postehatch,crypt and villi epithelial cell counts were significantly higher IOF-Gln chicks,compared to control chicks(P<0.05).We conclude IOF of glutamine stimulates small intestinal maturation and functionality during the peri-hatch period by promoting multipotent cell proliferation and differentiation,resulting in enhanced compartmentalization of multipotent and differentiated cell niches and expansions of the absorptive surface area.
基金supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme for research,technological development and demonstration as part of the ECO-FCE project under grant agreement No.311794partly funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education from funds for science in the years 2015–2016 allocated to an international co-financed project(no W171.PR/2015)
文摘Background: In order to discover new strategies to replace antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era in meat-type chicken production, two new synbiotics were tested:(Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154 plus galactooligosaccharide(Syn1) and Lactobacillus plantarum IBB3036 plus raffinose family oligosaccharides(Syn2).Methods: The synbiotics were administered via syringe, using a special automatic system, into the egg air chamber of Cobb 500 broiler chicks on the 12 thday of egg incubation(2 mg of prebiotics + 105 cfu bacteria per egg).Hatched roosters(total 2,400) were reared on an experimental farm, kept in pens(75 animals per pen), with free access to feed and water. After 42 d animals were slaughtered. Blood serum, pancreas, duodenum and duodenum content were collected.Results: Syn2 increased trypsin activity by 2.5-fold in the pancreas and 1.5-fold in the duodenal content. In the duodenum content, Syn2 resulted in ca 30% elevation in lipase activity and 70% reduction in amylase activity.Syn1 and Syn2 strongly decreased expression of m RNA for GLP-1 and GIP in the duodenum and for GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas. Simultaneously, concentrations of the incretins significantly diminished in the blood serum(P < 0.05). The decreased expression of incretins coincides with changed activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and in the duodenal content. The results indicate that incretins are involved in the action of Syn1 and Syn2 or that they may even be their target. No changes were observed in key hormones regulating metabolism(insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, thyroid hormones, and leptin) or in metabolic indices(glucose,NEFA, triglycerides, cholesterol). Additionally, synbiotics did not cause significant changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in broiler chickens. Simultaneously, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase diminished after Syn2 and Syn1, respectively.Conclusion: The selected synbiotics may be used as in ovo additives for broiler chickens, and Syn2
文摘In this study, we determined the suitability of lentogenic LaSota and naturally occurring avirulent I2 vaccine strains of Newcastle disease (ND) virus for efficacious in-ovo vaccination of broiler chickens. A total of 114 embyonated eggs divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) consisting of 25 eggs in each of groups A and B, 20 eggs in each of groups C and D and 24 eggs in group E were used in the study. Eighteen-day-old embryonated eggs in group A were vaccinated in-ovo with ND-I2 vaccine while the same age of embryos in group B were vaccinated with ND-LaSota. Thirteen-day-old embryonated eggs in groups C and D were vaccinated with ND-I2 and ND-LaSota respectively. Group E served as unvaccinated control. There was significant difference (p 2) used for the in-ovo vaccination were pathogenic for chick embryos, however, ND-I2 vaccine was better tolerated when administered to 18-day-old chick embryo.
基金Supported by Beasiswa Unggulan Directorate General of Higher Education 2012,and BOPTN-WUR,Universitas Gadjah Mada(Grant No.578A/KJM/XI/2015)
文摘Objective: To examine the anti-angiogenic potential of Artocarpus heterophyllus(A. heterophyllus) seed extract in chicken chorioallantoic membrane(CAM).Methods: This study used chicken CAM ex ovo culture to examine the potential antiangiogenic activity of A. heterophyllus seed methanolic extract. Basic fibroblast growth factor was used to induce the ectopic formation of blood vessels on CAM treated with extract. Blood vessel number was assessed by macroscopic and microscopic observation,and compared and analyzed for all treatments and controls.Results: Macroscopic observation revealed that a dose of 35 mg/m L of methanolic extract of A. heterophyllus seeds could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis by 61% in chicken CAM ex ovo culture. This concurred with microscopic observations on the histological structure of blood vessels, which indicated that extract treatment repressed the formation of new blood vessels.Conclusions: This is the first study to report the anti-angiogenic effect of methanolic extract derived from A. heterophyllus seeds and its potential as a candidate for future anticancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972585)the Technical System of Poultry Industry of Guangdong Province,China(2021KJ128)。
文摘The intestinal health of chick embryos is vital for their life-long growth,and exogenous nutrition intervention may provide sufficient nutrition for embryonic development.In the present study,we investigated the effect of in ovo injection of L-methionine(L-Met)on the intestinal structure and barrier function of chick embryos.There were 4 groups of treatments:the control(CON)group injected with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)and the other 3 groups injected with 5,10,and 20 mg L-Met/egg,respectively.The injection was performed on embryonic day 9(E9),and intestinal samples were collected on the day of hatching for analysis.The results showed that,compared with the CON group,the groups administered an in ovo injection of L-Met increased relative weights of the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum(P<0.05).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining showed that the groups injected with 5,10,and 20 mg L-Met significantly increased villus height and crypt depth(P<0.05).Moreover,in ovo injection of 10 mg L-Met also increased the transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)of the jejunum(P<0.05).Injection with 10 and 20 mg L-Met increased the expression of the tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and claudin-1)and the fluorescence signal intensity of Ki67 and villin proteins(P<0.05).Further,the protein expression of phospho-Janus kinase 2(p-JAK2)and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p-STAT3)was significantly increased by 10 or 20 mg L-Met injection(P<0.05).In conclusion,the injection of L-Met,especially at a dose of 10 mg,showed beneficial effects on the intestinal integrity of chick embryos due to the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Our results may provide new insights for regulating the intestinal development of embryonic chicks and the rapid growth of chicks after hatching.
