The optical fiber pre-waming system (OFPS) has been gradually considered as one of the important means for pipeline safety monitoring. Intrusion signal types are correctly identified which could reduce the cost of t...The optical fiber pre-waming system (OFPS) has been gradually considered as one of the important means for pipeline safety monitoring. Intrusion signal types are correctly identified which could reduce the cost of troubleshooting and maintenance of the pipeline. Most of the previous feature extraction methods in OFPS are usually quested from the view of time domain. However, in some cases, there is no distinguishing feature in the time domain. In the paper, firstly, the intrusion signal features of the running, digging, and pick mattock are extracted in the frequency domain by multi-level wavelet decomposition, that is, the intrusion signals are decomposed into five bands. Secondly, the average energy ratio of different frequency bands is obtained, which is considered as the feature of each intrusion type. Finally, the feature samples are sent into the random vector functional-link (RVFL) network for training to complete the classification and identification of the signals. Experimental results show that the algorithm can correctly distinguish the different intrusion signals and achieve higher recognition rate.展开更多
The intrusion events in the optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) are divided into two types which are harmful intrusion event and harmless interference event. At present, the signal feature extraction methods of ...The intrusion events in the optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) are divided into two types which are harmful intrusion event and harmless interference event. At present, the signal feature extraction methods of these two types of events are usually designed from the view of the time domain. However, the differences of time-domain characteristics for different harmful intrusion events are not obvious, which cannot reflect the diversity of them in detail. We find that the spectrum distribution of different intrusion signals has obvious differences. For this reason, the intrusion signal is transformed into the frequency domain. In this paper, an energy ratio feature extraction method of harmful intrusion event is drawn on. Firstly, the intrusion signals are pre-processed and the power spectral density (PSD) is calculated. Then, the energy ratio of different frequency bands is calculated, and the corresponding feature vector of each type of intrusion event is further formed. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier is used to identify the harmful intrusion events in the paper. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the recognition rate of the intrusion signal, and further verifies the feasibility and validity of the algorithm.展开更多
Optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) is often used to monitor the occurrence of disasters such as the leakage of oil and natural gas pipeline. It analyzes the collected vibration signals to judge whether there is...Optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) is often used to monitor the occurrence of disasters such as the leakage of oil and natural gas pipeline. It analyzes the collected vibration signals to judge whether there is any harmful intrusion (HI) events. At present, the research in this field is mainly focused on the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) methods and derivative algorithms to detect intrusion signals. However, the performance of CFAR is often limited to the actual collected signals distribution. It is found that the background noise usually obeys non-independent and identically distribution (Non-liD) through the statistical analysis of acquisition signals. In view of the actual signal distribution characteristics, this paper presents a CFAR detection method based on the normalization processing for background noise. A high-pass filter is designed for the actual Non-liD background noise data to obtain the characterization characteristic. Then, the background noise is converted to independent and identically distribution (IID) by using the data characteristic. Next, the collected data after normalization is processed with efficient cell average constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) method for detection. Finally, the results of experiments both show that the intrusion signals can be effectively detected, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified.展开更多
For the problem that the linear scale of intrusion signals in the optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) is inconsistent, this paper presents a method to correct the scale. Firstly, the intrusion signals are interc...For the problem that the linear scale of intrusion signals in the optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) is inconsistent, this paper presents a method to correct the scale. Firstly, the intrusion signals are intercepted, and an aggregate of the segments with equal length is obtained. Then, the Mellin transform (MT) is applied to convert them into the same scale. The spectral characteristics are obtained by the Fourier transform. Finally, we adopt back-propagation (BP) neural network to identify intrusion types, which takes the spectral characteristics as input. We carried out the field experiments and collected the optical fiber intrusion signals which contain the picking signal, shoveling signal, and running signal. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of the intrusion signals.展开更多
基于环境空气质量监测数据,本文分析了2022年6月14—18日高温热浪期间江苏省臭氧污染过程的时空变化特征,并结合天气形势、WRF-CMAQ模拟和典型城市大气超级站挥发性有机物(VOCs)在线监测数据进行了成因分析。结果表明:高温热浪期间,江苏...基于环境空气质量监测数据,本文分析了2022年6月14—18日高温热浪期间江苏省臭氧污染过程的时空变化特征,并结合天气形势、WRF-CMAQ模拟和典型城市大气超级站挥发性有机物(VOCs)在线监测数据进行了成因分析。结果表明:高温热浪期间,江苏省13个地级城市臭氧污染超标率达96.9%,中度污染超标率为27.6%,臭氧日最大8 h(MDA8 O 3)峰值质量浓度高达260.0μg·m^(-3)。南通市、无锡市、苏州市3个典型城市臭氧质量浓度的日变化特征显示,07—13时臭氧质量浓度增长率在27.9%~46.7%,多个时段净增量超过40.0μg·m^(-3)。利用WRF-CMAQ模型对污染过程进行了数值模拟、过程分析和溯源分析。结果显示,典型城市白天小时平均光化学贡献在24.5~33.0μg·m^(-3)之间,稳定高值的光化学贡献,叠加持续稳定或突发的传输贡献,导致此次高温热浪下臭氧质量浓度爆发式升高,出现峰值污染。在偏南风的影响下,省外污染源来自浙江省贡献最高,在13.9%~33.8%,其中无锡市和苏州市受浙江省外源影响较大。此外南通市大气超级站VOCs在线监测结果显示,臭氧污染期间逐日VOCs体积分数在45.5×10^(-9)~83.6×10^(-9)之间,整体处于高值水平,臭氧生成潜势(OFPs)贡献排名前十的物种以烯烃和芳香烃物质为主。展开更多
基金The authors wish to express their gratitude to the anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their rigorous comments during the review process. In addition, authors also would like to thank SUN Chengbin and TAN Lei in our laboratory for their great contributions to the data-collection work. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61571014 and 61601006), Beijing Nature Science Foundation (Grant No. 4172017), and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Grant No. Z161100001016003).
文摘The optical fiber pre-waming system (OFPS) has been gradually considered as one of the important means for pipeline safety monitoring. Intrusion signal types are correctly identified which could reduce the cost of troubleshooting and maintenance of the pipeline. Most of the previous feature extraction methods in OFPS are usually quested from the view of time domain. However, in some cases, there is no distinguishing feature in the time domain. In the paper, firstly, the intrusion signal features of the running, digging, and pick mattock are extracted in the frequency domain by multi-level wavelet decomposition, that is, the intrusion signals are decomposed into five bands. Secondly, the average energy ratio of different frequency bands is obtained, which is considered as the feature of each intrusion type. Finally, the feature samples are sent into the random vector functional-link (RVFL) network for training to complete the classification and identification of the signals. Experimental results show that the algorithm can correctly distinguish the different intrusion signals and achieve higher recognition rate.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61571014) Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 4164093).
文摘The intrusion events in the optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) are divided into two types which are harmful intrusion event and harmless interference event. At present, the signal feature extraction methods of these two types of events are usually designed from the view of the time domain. However, the differences of time-domain characteristics for different harmful intrusion events are not obvious, which cannot reflect the diversity of them in detail. We find that the spectrum distribution of different intrusion signals has obvious differences. For this reason, the intrusion signal is transformed into the frequency domain. In this paper, an energy ratio feature extraction method of harmful intrusion event is drawn on. Firstly, the intrusion signals are pre-processed and the power spectral density (PSD) is calculated. Then, the energy ratio of different frequency bands is calculated, and the corresponding feature vector of each type of intrusion event is further formed. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier is used to identify the harmful intrusion events in the paper. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the recognition rate of the intrusion signal, and further verifies the feasibility and validity of the algorithm.
文摘Optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) is often used to monitor the occurrence of disasters such as the leakage of oil and natural gas pipeline. It analyzes the collected vibration signals to judge whether there is any harmful intrusion (HI) events. At present, the research in this field is mainly focused on the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) methods and derivative algorithms to detect intrusion signals. However, the performance of CFAR is often limited to the actual collected signals distribution. It is found that the background noise usually obeys non-independent and identically distribution (Non-liD) through the statistical analysis of acquisition signals. In view of the actual signal distribution characteristics, this paper presents a CFAR detection method based on the normalization processing for background noise. A high-pass filter is designed for the actual Non-liD background noise data to obtain the characterization characteristic. Then, the background noise is converted to independent and identically distribution (IID) by using the data characteristic. Next, the collected data after normalization is processed with efficient cell average constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) method for detection. Finally, the results of experiments both show that the intrusion signals can be effectively detected, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61571014 and 61601006) Beijing Nature Science Foundation (Grant No. 4172017) General Project of Science and Technology Program of Beijing Education Commission (Grant No.KM201610009004).
文摘For the problem that the linear scale of intrusion signals in the optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) is inconsistent, this paper presents a method to correct the scale. Firstly, the intrusion signals are intercepted, and an aggregate of the segments with equal length is obtained. Then, the Mellin transform (MT) is applied to convert them into the same scale. The spectral characteristics are obtained by the Fourier transform. Finally, we adopt back-propagation (BP) neural network to identify intrusion types, which takes the spectral characteristics as input. We carried out the field experiments and collected the optical fiber intrusion signals which contain the picking signal, shoveling signal, and running signal. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of the intrusion signals.
文摘基于环境空气质量监测数据,本文分析了2022年6月14—18日高温热浪期间江苏省臭氧污染过程的时空变化特征,并结合天气形势、WRF-CMAQ模拟和典型城市大气超级站挥发性有机物(VOCs)在线监测数据进行了成因分析。结果表明:高温热浪期间,江苏省13个地级城市臭氧污染超标率达96.9%,中度污染超标率为27.6%,臭氧日最大8 h(MDA8 O 3)峰值质量浓度高达260.0μg·m^(-3)。南通市、无锡市、苏州市3个典型城市臭氧质量浓度的日变化特征显示,07—13时臭氧质量浓度增长率在27.9%~46.7%,多个时段净增量超过40.0μg·m^(-3)。利用WRF-CMAQ模型对污染过程进行了数值模拟、过程分析和溯源分析。结果显示,典型城市白天小时平均光化学贡献在24.5~33.0μg·m^(-3)之间,稳定高值的光化学贡献,叠加持续稳定或突发的传输贡献,导致此次高温热浪下臭氧质量浓度爆发式升高,出现峰值污染。在偏南风的影响下,省外污染源来自浙江省贡献最高,在13.9%~33.8%,其中无锡市和苏州市受浙江省外源影响较大。此外南通市大气超级站VOCs在线监测结果显示,臭氧污染期间逐日VOCs体积分数在45.5×10^(-9)~83.6×10^(-9)之间,整体处于高值水平,臭氧生成潜势(OFPs)贡献排名前十的物种以烯烃和芳香烃物质为主。