目的建立测定鱼露中章鱼胺含量的高效液相色谱学方法。方法采用phenomenex luna C18柱,以0.02mol.L-1柠檬酸-0.02mol.L-1磷酸二氢钠(7:3)为流动相,检测波长λ=274nm。结果章鱼胺在0.0057～50μg.mL-1范围内,浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r=...目的建立测定鱼露中章鱼胺含量的高效液相色谱学方法。方法采用phenomenex luna C18柱,以0.02mol.L-1柠檬酸-0.02mol.L-1磷酸二氢钠(7:3)为流动相,检测波长λ=274nm。结果章鱼胺在0.0057～50μg.mL-1范围内,浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9991),平均加样回收率为104.4%,RSD为1.53%。最低检出浓度为5.7ng.mL-1。结论本法操作简便,结果可靠,可用于鱼露中章鱼胺及相关物质含量的测定,鳀鱼鱼露含章鱼胺1055μg.mL-1。展开更多
Animals always seek rewards and the related neural basis has been well studied. However, what happens when animals fail to get a reward is largely unknown,although this is commonly seen in behaviors such as predation....Animals always seek rewards and the related neural basis has been well studied. However, what happens when animals fail to get a reward is largely unknown,although this is commonly seen in behaviors such as predation. Here, we set up a behavioral model of repeated failure in reward pursuit(RFRP) in Drosophila larvae. In this model, the larvae were repeatedly prevented from reaching attractants such as yeast and butyl acetate, before finally abandoning further attempts. After giving up, they usually showed a decreased locomotor speed and impaired performance in light avoidance and sugar preference,which were named as phenotypes of RFRP states. In larvae that had developed RFRP phenotypes, the octopamine concentration was greatly elevated, while tbh mutants devoid of octopamine were less likely to develop RFRP phenotypes, and octopamine feeding efficiently restored such defects. By down-regulating tbh in different groups of neurons and imaging neuronal activity, neurons that regulated the development of RFRP states and the behavioral exhibition of RFRP phenotypes were mapped to a small subgroup of non-glutamatergic and glutamatergic octopaminergic neurons in the central larval brain. Our results establish a model for investigating the effect of depriving an expected reward in Drosophila and provide a simplified framework for the associated neural basis.展开更多
Burying beetles Nicrophorus orbicollis exhibit facultative biparental care of young. To reproduce, a male-female burying beetle pair bury and prepare a small vertebrate carcass as food for its altricial young. During ...Burying beetles Nicrophorus orbicollis exhibit facultative biparental care of young. To reproduce, a male-female burying beetle pair bury and prepare a small vertebrate carcass as food for its altricial young. During a breeding bout, male and female behavior changes synchronously at appropriate times and is coordinated to provide effective care for offspring. Although the ecologicaJ and evolutionary factors that shape this remarkable reproductive plasticity are well characterized, the neuromodulation of parental behavior is poorly understood. Juvenile hormone levels rise dramat- ically at the time beetle parents accept and feed larvae, remain highly elevated during the stages of most active care and fall abruptly when care is terminated. However, hormonal fluctuations alone cannot account for this elaborate control of reproduction. The biogenic amines octopamine （OA）, dopamine （DA）, and serotonin （5-HT） mediate a diversity of insect reproductive and social behav- iors. In this study, we measured whole brain monoamine levels in individual male and female bury- ing beetles and compared OA, DA, and 5-HT profiles between breeding （parental） and nonbreed- ing, unmated beetles. Remarkably, after 24 h of care, when parental feeding rates begin to peak, DA brain levels increase in breeding beetles when compared to nonbreeding controls. In contrast, brain OA and 5-HT levels did not change significantly. These results provide the first evidence for a potential role of DA in the modulation of burying beetle parental behavior.展开更多
The biogenic amine octopamine(OA,invertebrate counterpart of nora-drenaline)plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior.Historically,OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning...The biogenic amine octopamine(OA,invertebrate counterpart of nora-drenaline)plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior.Historically,OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning in honeybees,fruit flies(Drosophila),and crickets.However,this viewpoint has recently been challenged because OA activity through aβ-adrenergic-like receptor drives both appetitive and aversive learn-ing.Here,we explored the roles of OA neurons in olfactory learning and memory retrieval in Bactrocera dorsalis.We trained flies to associate an orange odor with a sucrose reward or to associate methyl eugenol,a male lure,with N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzoyl amide(DEET)punishment.We then treated flies with OA receptor antagonists before appetitive or aversive conditioning and a memory retention test.Injection of OA receptor antagonist mianserin or epinastine into the abdomen of flies led to impaired of appetitive learning and memory retention with a sucrose reward,while aversive learning and memory reten-tion with DEET punishment remained intact.Our results suggest that the OA signaling participates in appetitive but not aversive learning and memory retrieval in B.dorsalis through OA receptors.展开更多
文摘目的建立测定鱼露中章鱼胺含量的高效液相色谱学方法。方法采用phenomenex luna C18柱,以0.02mol.L-1柠檬酸-0.02mol.L-1磷酸二氢钠(7:3)为流动相,检测波长λ=274nm。结果章鱼胺在0.0057～50μg.mL-1范围内,浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9991),平均加样回收率为104.4%,RSD为1.53%。最低检出浓度为5.7ng.mL-1。结论本法操作简便,结果可靠,可用于鱼露中章鱼胺及相关物质含量的测定,鳀鱼鱼露含章鱼胺1055μg.mL-1。
基金supported by National Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program, 2013CB945603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070944, 31271147, 31471063, 31671074)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LR13C090001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. 2017FZA7003)
文摘Animals always seek rewards and the related neural basis has been well studied. However, what happens when animals fail to get a reward is largely unknown,although this is commonly seen in behaviors such as predation. Here, we set up a behavioral model of repeated failure in reward pursuit(RFRP) in Drosophila larvae. In this model, the larvae were repeatedly prevented from reaching attractants such as yeast and butyl acetate, before finally abandoning further attempts. After giving up, they usually showed a decreased locomotor speed and impaired performance in light avoidance and sugar preference,which were named as phenotypes of RFRP states. In larvae that had developed RFRP phenotypes, the octopamine concentration was greatly elevated, while tbh mutants devoid of octopamine were less likely to develop RFRP phenotypes, and octopamine feeding efficiently restored such defects. By down-regulating tbh in different groups of neurons and imaging neuronal activity, neurons that regulated the development of RFRP states and the behavioral exhibition of RFRP phenotypes were mapped to a small subgroup of non-glutamatergic and glutamatergic octopaminergic neurons in the central larval brain. Our results establish a model for investigating the effect of depriving an expected reward in Drosophila and provide a simplified framework for the associated neural basis.
文摘Burying beetles Nicrophorus orbicollis exhibit facultative biparental care of young. To reproduce, a male-female burying beetle pair bury and prepare a small vertebrate carcass as food for its altricial young. During a breeding bout, male and female behavior changes synchronously at appropriate times and is coordinated to provide effective care for offspring. Although the ecologicaJ and evolutionary factors that shape this remarkable reproductive plasticity are well characterized, the neuromodulation of parental behavior is poorly understood. Juvenile hormone levels rise dramat- ically at the time beetle parents accept and feed larvae, remain highly elevated during the stages of most active care and fall abruptly when care is terminated. However, hormonal fluctuations alone cannot account for this elaborate control of reproduction. The biogenic amines octopamine （OA）, dopamine （DA）, and serotonin （5-HT） mediate a diversity of insect reproductive and social behav- iors. In this study, we measured whole brain monoamine levels in individual male and female bury- ing beetles and compared OA, DA, and 5-HT profiles between breeding （parental） and nonbreed- ing, unmated beetles. Remarkably, after 24 h of care, when parental feeding rates begin to peak, DA brain levels increase in breeding beetles when compared to nonbreeding controls. In contrast, brain OA and 5-HT levels did not change significantly. These results provide the first evidence for a potential role of DA in the modulation of burying beetle parental behavior.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072486,31971424,and 31572314).
文摘The biogenic amine octopamine(OA,invertebrate counterpart of nora-drenaline)plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior.Historically,OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning in honeybees,fruit flies(Drosophila),and crickets.However,this viewpoint has recently been challenged because OA activity through aβ-adrenergic-like receptor drives both appetitive and aversive learn-ing.Here,we explored the roles of OA neurons in olfactory learning and memory retrieval in Bactrocera dorsalis.We trained flies to associate an orange odor with a sucrose reward or to associate methyl eugenol,a male lure,with N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzoyl amide(DEET)punishment.We then treated flies with OA receptor antagonists before appetitive or aversive conditioning and a memory retention test.Injection of OA receptor antagonist mianserin or epinastine into the abdomen of flies led to impaired of appetitive learning and memory retention with a sucrose reward,while aversive learning and memory reten-tion with DEET punishment remained intact.Our results suggest that the OA signaling participates in appetitive but not aversive learning and memory retrieval in B.dorsalis through OA receptors.
