Objective To determine the effects of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1(OCT1)on the short-term responses of the antidiabetic drug,metformin.Method A total of 22 patients recruited with type 2 diabe...Objective To determine the effects of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1(OCT1)on the short-term responses of the antidiabetic drug,metformin.Method A total of 22 patients recruited with type 2 diabetes or IFG were treated with metformin(2 000 mg/day)for 1 week.The patients were screened from Second Jikun hospital and Kashidonglu community medicine service,Urumqi,China and their surrounding districts.To examine the effects of metformin on plasma glucose,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride in relation with R61C,G465R and 420 del variants of OCT1(gene encoding organic cation transporter 1,mainly locating in liver,which is metformin's major target)in subjects.In all,R61C,G465R and 420del of OCT1 gene were examined using DNA extracted from whole blood and PCR-RFLP.Data concerning with gene and metformin treatment were handled by t-test.Result After metformin treatment,there were increases both in FPG and LDL(P=0.011and P=0.013 respectively).To divide all participants into mutant and wild groups,according to the polymorphisms of R61C,G465R and 420 del respectively,as well as carriers with one of the mutant genotypes at least and carriers with none of the mutant sites.Analysis was made to compared FPG,Chol,TG,and LDL and HDL between carriers of wild genotypes and carriers of other genotypes showed no statistic significance both before the metformin treatment and after the treatment.The same is the case with changes of FPG,Chol,TG,and LDL and HDL of wild genotype carriers and variant genotype carriers,except of LDL changes(P=0.05)in patients grouped by G465R polymorphisms and TG changes(P=0.03)in subjects differed by 420del genotypes.Conclusion In this study,it is suggested that OCT1 gene polymorphisms have little contribution to the clinical efficacy of blood glucose control by metformin among Uygur people with type 2 diabetes or IFG,but it may have possible relationship with the clinical efficacy on fat metabolism by metformin.展开更多
Nanog protein is expressed in the interior cells of compacted morulae and maintained till epiblasts but downregulated by implantation stage. It is also expressed in embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells and ...Nanog protein is expressed in the interior cells of compacted morulae and maintained till epiblasts but downregulated by implantation stage. It is also expressed in embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells and embryonic germ cells but disappeared in differentiated ES cells. In this study, we have isolated, sequenced, and performed the first characterization of the Nanog promoter. The transcription start sites were mapped by primer extension analysis. Two promoter regions were found upstream the transcription start sites and the expression of major Nanog promoter/ reporter gene construct is abolished in differentiated F9 EC cells as compared to the undifferentiated counterpart. We also showed that a putative octamer motif (ATGCAAAA) is necessary for the major promoter activity. Gel shift and supershift assays showed that Oct-1, Oct-4 and Oct-6 protein selectively bind to the octamer motif.展开更多
The restriction of immunoglobulin(Ig)expression to B lymphocytes is well established.However,several reports have confirmed that the Ig gene can be expressed in many non-B cancer cells and/or some normal cells.Our aim...The restriction of immunoglobulin(Ig)expression to B lymphocytes is well established.However,several reports have confirmed that the Ig gene can be expressed in many non-B cancer cells and/or some normal cells.Our aim is to determine whether the Ig gene promoter can be activated in non-B cancer cells and to identify the regulatory mechanism for Ig gene expression.Our results show that the Ig promoter of VH4-59 was activated in several non-B cancer cell lines.Moreover,two novel positive regulatory elements,an enhancer-like element at 2800 to 2610 bp and a copromoter-like element at 2610 to 2300 bp,were identified in two epithelial cancer cell lines,HeLa S3 and HT-29.The octamer element(59-ATGCAAAT-39)located in the Ig promoter,a crucial element for B-cell-derived Ig gene transcription,was also very important for non-B-cell-derived Ig gene transcription.More importantly,we confirmed that octamer-related protein-1(Oct-1),but not Oct-2,was a crucial transcriptional factor for Ig gene transcription due to its ability to bind to the octamer element of the Ig promoter in epithelial cancer cells.These results suggested the presence of a distinct regulatory mechanism for Ig gene expression in non-B cancer cells.展开更多
【目的】克隆小鼠八聚体结合转录因子1(octamer-binding transcription factor 1,Oct-1)基因序列,探讨八聚体结合转录因子1在小鼠黑素细胞中过表达对毛色主效基因表达的影响及在毛色形成中的作用。【方法】使用实验室冻存的第5代小鼠黑...【目的】克隆小鼠八聚体结合转录因子1(octamer-binding transcription factor 1,Oct-1)基因序列,探讨八聚体结合转录因子1在小鼠黑素细胞中过表达对毛色主效基因表达的影响及在毛色形成中的作用。【方法】使用实验室冻存的第5代小鼠黑素细胞,通过普通PCR方法用引物以小鼠黑素细胞c DNA为模板克隆Oct-1基因c DNA序列,构建小鼠Oct-1克隆载体和真核表达载体;通过KEGG PATHWAY、NCBI、Transfec等软件对获得的序列进行生物信息学分析;在细胞水平通过细胞转染技术过量表达小鼠Oct-1;转染后使用荧光显微镜观察细胞转染效率,采用分光光度计对小鼠黑素细胞中黑色素含量进行测定,并进行Real-time PCR实验检测转染后黑素细胞中毛色主效基因在m RNA水平表达量的变化,Western blot实验检测转染后细胞中MITF、TYR、TYRP-1和TYRP-2蛋白水平的变化。【结果】经测序和拼接最终获得长度为2 313 bp的小鼠Oct-1基因的c DNA序列;成功构建真核表达载体,载体上连有小鼠黑素细胞特异性TYRP-2基因启动子和一个启动报告基因绿色荧光蛋白;通过KEGG PATHWAY分析获得与毛色形成有关的34个候选基因,NCBI查找出34各个基因的启动子,由Transfec启动子分析软件找出Oct-1可以调节的毛色主效基因;细胞转染后,在荧光显微镜下可观察到黑素细胞带有绿色荧光说明转染效率明显;分光光度计检测显示,转染后小鼠黑素细胞中黑色素含量减少(P<0.05);荧光定量检测结果显示,小鼠黑素细胞中Oct-1 m RNA表达量显著增加(P<0.001),表明小鼠Oct-1转染效率显著,MITF m RNA显著降低至0.70倍(P<0.01),TCF m RNA显著降低至0.66倍(P<0.01),Ras、Frizzled、ERK2和TYRP-2 m RNA的表达未见变化,TYR m RNA显著增加至7.69倍(P<0.01),TYRP-1 m RNA升高至3.11倍(P<0.01),αMSH m RNA显著增加至18.49倍(P<0.001),AC m RNA显著增加至6.88倍(P<0.01),c-kit m RNA显著增加至18.75倍(P<0.001),ET1 m RNA增加至1.5展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81025025,81001671,and J1103512)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2010365)~~
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(30760288)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomic Tackle Key Problems Plans(200633129)Science and Technology Program of Urumqi(G07231001)
文摘Objective To determine the effects of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1(OCT1)on the short-term responses of the antidiabetic drug,metformin.Method A total of 22 patients recruited with type 2 diabetes or IFG were treated with metformin(2 000 mg/day)for 1 week.The patients were screened from Second Jikun hospital and Kashidonglu community medicine service,Urumqi,China and their surrounding districts.To examine the effects of metformin on plasma glucose,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride in relation with R61C,G465R and 420 del variants of OCT1(gene encoding organic cation transporter 1,mainly locating in liver,which is metformin's major target)in subjects.In all,R61C,G465R and 420del of OCT1 gene were examined using DNA extracted from whole blood and PCR-RFLP.Data concerning with gene and metformin treatment were handled by t-test.Result After metformin treatment,there were increases both in FPG and LDL(P=0.011and P=0.013 respectively).To divide all participants into mutant and wild groups,according to the polymorphisms of R61C,G465R and 420 del respectively,as well as carriers with one of the mutant genotypes at least and carriers with none of the mutant sites.Analysis was made to compared FPG,Chol,TG,and LDL and HDL between carriers of wild genotypes and carriers of other genotypes showed no statistic significance both before the metformin treatment and after the treatment.The same is the case with changes of FPG,Chol,TG,and LDL and HDL of wild genotype carriers and variant genotype carriers,except of LDL changes(P=0.05)in patients grouped by G465R polymorphisms and TG changes(P=0.03)in subjects differed by 420del genotypes.Conclusion In this study,it is suggested that OCT1 gene polymorphisms have little contribution to the clinical efficacy of blood glucose control by metformin among Uygur people with type 2 diabetes or IFG,but it may have possible relationship with the clinical efficacy on fat metabolism by metformin.
文摘Nanog protein is expressed in the interior cells of compacted morulae and maintained till epiblasts but downregulated by implantation stage. It is also expressed in embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells and embryonic germ cells but disappeared in differentiated ES cells. In this study, we have isolated, sequenced, and performed the first characterization of the Nanog promoter. The transcription start sites were mapped by primer extension analysis. Two promoter regions were found upstream the transcription start sites and the expression of major Nanog promoter/ reporter gene construct is abolished in differentiated F9 EC cells as compared to the undifferentiated counterpart. We also showed that a putative octamer motif (ATGCAAAA) is necessary for the major promoter activity. Gel shift and supershift assays showed that Oct-1, Oct-4 and Oct-6 protein selectively bind to the octamer motif.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Grants 30572094 and 30772470 from the Natural Sciences Foundation,China.We thank Dr Dalong Ma and Dr Mingxu Xu(Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics)for their comments and suggestions.This manuscript was proofread by an English-speaking professional with a science background at Elixigen Corporation.
文摘The restriction of immunoglobulin(Ig)expression to B lymphocytes is well established.However,several reports have confirmed that the Ig gene can be expressed in many non-B cancer cells and/or some normal cells.Our aim is to determine whether the Ig gene promoter can be activated in non-B cancer cells and to identify the regulatory mechanism for Ig gene expression.Our results show that the Ig promoter of VH4-59 was activated in several non-B cancer cell lines.Moreover,two novel positive regulatory elements,an enhancer-like element at 2800 to 2610 bp and a copromoter-like element at 2610 to 2300 bp,were identified in two epithelial cancer cell lines,HeLa S3 and HT-29.The octamer element(59-ATGCAAAT-39)located in the Ig promoter,a crucial element for B-cell-derived Ig gene transcription,was also very important for non-B-cell-derived Ig gene transcription.More importantly,we confirmed that octamer-related protein-1(Oct-1),but not Oct-2,was a crucial transcriptional factor for Ig gene transcription due to its ability to bind to the octamer element of the Ig promoter in epithelial cancer cells.These results suggested the presence of a distinct regulatory mechanism for Ig gene expression in non-B cancer cells.
文摘【目的】克隆小鼠八聚体结合转录因子1(octamer-binding transcription factor 1,Oct-1)基因序列,探讨八聚体结合转录因子1在小鼠黑素细胞中过表达对毛色主效基因表达的影响及在毛色形成中的作用。【方法】使用实验室冻存的第5代小鼠黑素细胞,通过普通PCR方法用引物以小鼠黑素细胞c DNA为模板克隆Oct-1基因c DNA序列,构建小鼠Oct-1克隆载体和真核表达载体;通过KEGG PATHWAY、NCBI、Transfec等软件对获得的序列进行生物信息学分析;在细胞水平通过细胞转染技术过量表达小鼠Oct-1;转染后使用荧光显微镜观察细胞转染效率,采用分光光度计对小鼠黑素细胞中黑色素含量进行测定,并进行Real-time PCR实验检测转染后黑素细胞中毛色主效基因在m RNA水平表达量的变化,Western blot实验检测转染后细胞中MITF、TYR、TYRP-1和TYRP-2蛋白水平的变化。【结果】经测序和拼接最终获得长度为2 313 bp的小鼠Oct-1基因的c DNA序列;成功构建真核表达载体,载体上连有小鼠黑素细胞特异性TYRP-2基因启动子和一个启动报告基因绿色荧光蛋白;通过KEGG PATHWAY分析获得与毛色形成有关的34个候选基因,NCBI查找出34各个基因的启动子,由Transfec启动子分析软件找出Oct-1可以调节的毛色主效基因;细胞转染后,在荧光显微镜下可观察到黑素细胞带有绿色荧光说明转染效率明显;分光光度计检测显示,转染后小鼠黑素细胞中黑色素含量减少(P<0.05);荧光定量检测结果显示,小鼠黑素细胞中Oct-1 m RNA表达量显著增加(P<0.001),表明小鼠Oct-1转染效率显著,MITF m RNA显著降低至0.70倍(P<0.01),TCF m RNA显著降低至0.66倍(P<0.01),Ras、Frizzled、ERK2和TYRP-2 m RNA的表达未见变化,TYR m RNA显著增加至7.69倍(P<0.01),TYRP-1 m RNA升高至3.11倍(P<0.01),αMSH m RNA显著增加至18.49倍(P<0.001),AC m RNA显著增加至6.88倍(P<0.01),c-kit m RNA显著增加至18.75倍(P<0.001),ET1 m RNA增加至1.5