The definition and the previous measurements of a dynamics-relevant temperature-like quantity in granular media are reviewed for slow and fast particle systems. Especially, the validity of the fluctuation-dissipation ...The definition and the previous measurements of a dynamics-relevant temperature-like quantity in granular media are reviewed for slow and fast particle systems. Especially, the validity of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in such an athermal system is explored. Experimental evidences for the fluctuation-dissipation theorem relevant effect temperature support the athermal statistical mechanics, which has been widely explored in recent years by physicists. Difficulties encountered in defining temperature or establishing thermodynamics or statistical mechanics in non-equilibrium situations are discussed.展开更多
Among all statements of Second Law, the existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium, for each given value of energy content and composition of constituents of any system, have been adopted to define thermodynamic e...Among all statements of Second Law, the existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium, for each given value of energy content and composition of constituents of any system, have been adopted to define thermodynamic entropy by means of the impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind (PMM2) which is a consequence of the Second Law. Equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure in many-particle systems are proved to be necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium. The proofs assume the stable equilibrium and derive, by means of the Highest-Entropy Principle, equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure as a consequence. A first novelty of the present research is to demonstrate that equality is also a sufficient condition, in addition to necessity, for stable equilibrium implying that stable equilibrium is a condition also necessary, in addition to sufficiency, for equality of temperature potential and pressure addressed to as generalized potential. The second novelty is that the proof of sufficiency of equality, or necessity of stable equilibrium, is achieved by means of a generalization of entropy property, derived from a generalized definition of exergy, both being state and additive properties accounting for heat, mass and work interactions of the system underpinning the definition of Highest-Generalized-Entropy Principle adopted in the proof.展开更多
This paper studies the problems of mathematical description of physical processes in open non-equilibrium atmosphere. It is proposed that the mathematical description should be based on the idea that properties of an ...This paper studies the problems of mathematical description of physical processes in open non-equilibrium atmosphere. It is proposed that the mathematical description should be based on the idea that properties of an open system are determined by the properties of its elements and external constraints. It is also explained why atmosphere should be represented by an open non-equilibrium system of gas and radiation. Difference between physical processes in the above mentioned system and equilibrium atmosphere is given. The modification of equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for a system of gas and radiation is proposed. Possible ways for further development of tools of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are considered.展开更多
Living organisms are high ordered and organized systems accumulating and successively using low entropy energy to support all the processes needed for life. This low level of entropy is a required condition in order t...Living organisms are high ordered and organized systems accumulating and successively using low entropy energy to support all the processes needed for life. This low level of entropy is a required condition in order to make possible the use of endogenous energy for producing, for example, mechanical work. The commonly accepted picture of condensed matter physics, exclusively considering the perturbative coupling between QED Zero-Point-Field also known as “Quantum Vacuum” and the matter system, is unable to thoroughly explain the true origin of this low entropy energy reservoir and its dynamics. Recent researches instead suggested that energy and mass of every particle or body could be actually considered as arising from Quantum Vacuum dynamics which, in turn, can exhibit, under suitable conditions always occurring in the case of living systems, a coherent behavior characterized by a strong phase correlation between matter and an electromagnetic field trapped inside this ensemble. In this paper the preliminary model of Quantum Vacuum already proposed by author is reformulated in terms of QED coherence in condensed matter showing it is able to explain the origin of internal energy stock of living organisms. Within this theoretical framework, an interpretation of some important experimental results about biophotons emission by living systems under the influence of external stimuli is also proposed, suggesting their origin could also arise from Quantum Vacuum dynamics. This model, as shown, opens very interesting and exciting scenarios of further developments in the understanding of the birth and dynamics of life.展开更多
In this paper, we recall for physicists how it is possible using the principle of maximization of the Boltzmann-Shannon entropy to derive the Burr-Singh-Maddala (BurrXII) double power law probability distribution func...In this paper, we recall for physicists how it is possible using the principle of maximization of the Boltzmann-Shannon entropy to derive the Burr-Singh-Maddala (BurrXII) double power law probability distribution function and its approximations (Pareto, loglogistic.) and extension (GB2…) first used in econometrics. This is possible using a deformation of the power function, as this has been done in complex systems for the exponential function. We give to that distribution a deep stochastic interpretation using the theory of Weron et al. Applied to thermodynamics, the entropy nonextensivity can be accounted for by assuming that the asymptotic exponents are scale dependent. Therefore functions which describe phenomena presenting power-law asymptotic behaviour can be obtained without introducing exotic forms of the entropy.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11034010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11274354)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Earthquake Research of China (Grant No. 201208011)the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Strategic Priority Research Program -SJ-10" (Grant No. XDA04020200)
文摘The definition and the previous measurements of a dynamics-relevant temperature-like quantity in granular media are reviewed for slow and fast particle systems. Especially, the validity of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in such an athermal system is explored. Experimental evidences for the fluctuation-dissipation theorem relevant effect temperature support the athermal statistical mechanics, which has been widely explored in recent years by physicists. Difficulties encountered in defining temperature or establishing thermodynamics or statistical mechanics in non-equilibrium situations are discussed.
文摘Among all statements of Second Law, the existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium, for each given value of energy content and composition of constituents of any system, have been adopted to define thermodynamic entropy by means of the impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind (PMM2) which is a consequence of the Second Law. Equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure in many-particle systems are proved to be necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium. The proofs assume the stable equilibrium and derive, by means of the Highest-Entropy Principle, equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure as a consequence. A first novelty of the present research is to demonstrate that equality is also a sufficient condition, in addition to necessity, for stable equilibrium implying that stable equilibrium is a condition also necessary, in addition to sufficiency, for equality of temperature potential and pressure addressed to as generalized potential. The second novelty is that the proof of sufficiency of equality, or necessity of stable equilibrium, is achieved by means of a generalization of entropy property, derived from a generalized definition of exergy, both being state and additive properties accounting for heat, mass and work interactions of the system underpinning the definition of Highest-Generalized-Entropy Principle adopted in the proof.
文摘This paper studies the problems of mathematical description of physical processes in open non-equilibrium atmosphere. It is proposed that the mathematical description should be based on the idea that properties of an open system are determined by the properties of its elements and external constraints. It is also explained why atmosphere should be represented by an open non-equilibrium system of gas and radiation. Difference between physical processes in the above mentioned system and equilibrium atmosphere is given. The modification of equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for a system of gas and radiation is proposed. Possible ways for further development of tools of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are considered.
文摘Living organisms are high ordered and organized systems accumulating and successively using low entropy energy to support all the processes needed for life. This low level of entropy is a required condition in order to make possible the use of endogenous energy for producing, for example, mechanical work. The commonly accepted picture of condensed matter physics, exclusively considering the perturbative coupling between QED Zero-Point-Field also known as “Quantum Vacuum” and the matter system, is unable to thoroughly explain the true origin of this low entropy energy reservoir and its dynamics. Recent researches instead suggested that energy and mass of every particle or body could be actually considered as arising from Quantum Vacuum dynamics which, in turn, can exhibit, under suitable conditions always occurring in the case of living systems, a coherent behavior characterized by a strong phase correlation between matter and an electromagnetic field trapped inside this ensemble. In this paper the preliminary model of Quantum Vacuum already proposed by author is reformulated in terms of QED coherence in condensed matter showing it is able to explain the origin of internal energy stock of living organisms. Within this theoretical framework, an interpretation of some important experimental results about biophotons emission by living systems under the influence of external stimuli is also proposed, suggesting their origin could also arise from Quantum Vacuum dynamics. This model, as shown, opens very interesting and exciting scenarios of further developments in the understanding of the birth and dynamics of life.
文摘In this paper, we recall for physicists how it is possible using the principle of maximization of the Boltzmann-Shannon entropy to derive the Burr-Singh-Maddala (BurrXII) double power law probability distribution function and its approximations (Pareto, loglogistic.) and extension (GB2…) first used in econometrics. This is possible using a deformation of the power function, as this has been done in complex systems for the exponential function. We give to that distribution a deep stochastic interpretation using the theory of Weron et al. Applied to thermodynamics, the entropy nonextensivity can be accounted for by assuming that the asymptotic exponents are scale dependent. Therefore functions which describe phenomena presenting power-law asymptotic behaviour can be obtained without introducing exotic forms of the entropy.
