Deficiency of nutrients and the role of legume species in restoration of mined wastelands are reviewed in this paper.The deficiency of major nutrients,especially poverty of nitrogen,is one of the most important limiti...Deficiency of nutrients and the role of legume species in restoration of mined wastelands are reviewed in this paper.The deficiency of major nutrients,especially poverty of nitrogen,is one of the most important limiting factors for vegetation restoration of mining wastelands.Legume species are very useful in restoration of wasteland because N-fixing properties of legume can increase the accumulation of nitrogen and organic matter.Effects of edaphic conditions,especially heavy metal toxicity on N-fixing of rhizobia-legume symbiotic,selection for tolerant legume species and application of those species on restoration of mining wastelands were also discussed.展开更多
Increased nitrogen (N) deposition will often lead to a decline in species richness in grassland ecosystems but the shifts in functional groups and plant traits are still poorly understood in China. A field experimen...Increased nitrogen (N) deposition will often lead to a decline in species richness in grassland ecosystems but the shifts in functional groups and plant traits are still poorly understood in China. A field experiment was conducted at Duolun, Inner Mongolia, China, to investigate the effects of N addition on a temperate steppe ecosystem. Six N levels (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 g N/(m2-a)) were added as three applications per year from 2005 to 2010. Enhanced N deposition, even as little as 3 g N/(m2.a) above ambient N deposition (1.2 g N/(m2.a)), led to a decline in species richness of the whole community. Increasing N addition can significantly stimulate aboveground biomass of perennial bunchgrasses (PB) but decrease perennial forbs (PF), and induce a slight change in the biomass of shrubs and semi-shrubs (SS). The biomass of annuals (AS) and perennial rhizome grasses (PR) accounts for only a small part of the total biomass. Species richness of PF decreased significantly with increasing N addition rate but there was a little change in the other functional groups. PB, as the dominant functional group, has a relatively higher height than others. Differences in the response of each functional group to N addition have site-specific and species-specific characteristics. We initially infer that N enrichment stimulated the growth of PB, which further suppressed the growth of other functional groups.展开更多
不合理的土地利用方式以及气候变化导致我国草原生态系统普遍退化,主要表现在土壤养分降低、植被覆盖度减少、生产力下降。外源氮素添加是促进退化草原尽快恢复的一项重要措施,尤其是对那些退化较为严重的草原。该研究选取内蒙古东乌珠...不合理的土地利用方式以及气候变化导致我国草原生态系统普遍退化,主要表现在土壤养分降低、植被覆盖度减少、生产力下降。外源氮素添加是促进退化草原尽快恢复的一项重要措施,尤其是对那些退化较为严重的草原。该研究选取内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗不同退化程度(轻度、中度和重度)的草原群落,于2014–2015年开展连续两年的氮素添加实验,设置对照(不添加)、低水平(5.0 g N·m^(–2)·a^(–1))、中水平(10.0 g N·m^(–2)·a^(–1))和高水平(20.0 g N·m^(–2)·a^(–1))4种氮素添加处理,探讨退化草原群落生产力在恢复过程中对不同水平氮素添加的响应。结果显示:(1)高、中水平氮素添加显著提高了轻度退化群落的地上生物量,分别比对照增加了53.1%、51.6%,氮素各水平添加对中度、重度群落地上生物量无显著影响;(2)高、中水平氮素添加显著提高了轻度退化群落中多年生根茎型禾草地上生物量,分别比对照增加了45.1%、47.7%,而多年生杂类草地上生物量分别比对照减少了37.4%、42.1%,但中度和重度退化群落各功能群生物量的响应不显著;(3)三种水平氮素添加对轻、中、重度退化群落物种丰富度在试验期间均没有显著影响。研究结果表明氮素添加有助于提高轻度退化草原中多年生根茎型禾草的生物量,进而提高群落的生物量,但多年生杂类草会被逐渐替代,导致生物量降低,可见施氮对草原恢复的影响取决于草原退化程度。展开更多
全球氮沉降速率的急剧增加已显著地改变了生态系统的生产力及稳定性,特别是在受N限制较严重的亚高山草地生态系统。虽然氮沉降增加对草地生产力和植物多样性影响的研究报道已经很多,但是氮素沉降的生态系效应因气候区、草地系统类型、...全球氮沉降速率的急剧增加已显著地改变了生态系统的生产力及稳定性,特别是在受N限制较严重的亚高山草地生态系统。虽然氮沉降增加对草地生产力和植物多样性影响的研究报道已经很多,但是氮素沉降的生态系效应因气候区、草地系统类型、加氮水平、氮肥类型和试验时间长短等不同而差别很大。为了评估氮沉降增加对亚高山草地植物物种多样性和生产力的影响,通过在祁连山中部亚高山草地设置不同氮添加水平(0、2、5、10、15、25 g N m^(-2) a^(-1)和50 g N m^(-2) a^(-1))的短期氮沉降增加模拟试验,探讨了生产力和物种多样性对不同水平氮添加的响应。结果显示:氮添加增加了禾本科(垂穗披碱草、赖草和草地早熟禾)和莎草科(矮嵩草)的地上生产力及其在群落生产力中所占的比例,主要表现在氮添加增加了禾本科和莎草科的株高和株数,降低了其他科(鹅绒委陵菜和葛缕子)的株高和株数;与生产力相比,植物多样性对氮添加的响应较慢,总体随着氮添加量的增加呈下降趋势但未达到显著水平;植物多样性与生产力呈显著的负相关关系。研究结果表明氮添加有助于提高禾本科和莎草科的生产力,进而提高群落生产力,但其他科的植物会被逐渐替代,导致群落植物物种多样性降低。研究结果可为我国亚高山草地的持续性管理提供一定的理论基础。展开更多
三江平原是人类农业开垦活动最为强烈的区域之一,农业施肥已经显著增加了该地区自然沼泽湿地氮和磷的输入量,这将会深刻影响到湿地生态系统的结构和功能。通过3年的氮和磷添加试验,研究了养分富集对三江平原沼泽化草甸植物群落物种组成...三江平原是人类农业开垦活动最为强烈的区域之一,农业施肥已经显著增加了该地区自然沼泽湿地氮和磷的输入量,这将会深刻影响到湿地生态系统的结构和功能。通过3年的氮和磷添加试验,研究了养分富集对三江平原沼泽化草甸植物群落物种组成、多样性和地上生物量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,氮添加(N,6 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1))显著增加了禾本科植物的优势度,降低莎草科植物的优势度,导致物种多样性下降,但提高了植物群落地上生物量;而磷添加(P,1.2 g P·m^(-2)·a^(-1))降低了禾本科植物的优势度,增加了莎草科植物的优势度,但对植物群落物种多样性和地上生物量均没有造成显著的影响;氮、磷同时添加(N+P)虽然对植物多样性和地上生物量的影响没有产生显著的交互作用,但增强了小叶章在群落中的优势地位,降低了植物群落的物种多样性,提高了植物地上生物量。本研究表明,在三江平原沼泽化草甸中,养分富集将显著改变植物群落组成和地上净初级生产力,而且氮素和磷素富集影响并不一致。展开更多
文摘Deficiency of nutrients and the role of legume species in restoration of mined wastelands are reviewed in this paper.The deficiency of major nutrients,especially poverty of nitrogen,is one of the most important limiting factors for vegetation restoration of mining wastelands.Legume species are very useful in restoration of wasteland because N-fixing properties of legume can increase the accumulation of nitrogen and organic matter.Effects of edaphic conditions,especially heavy metal toxicity on N-fixing of rhizobia-legume symbiotic,selection for tolerant legume species and application of those species on restoration of mining wastelands were also discussed.
基金supported by the One Hundred Person Project of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (40771188,41071151)+1 种基金the Innovative Group Grants from NSFC (30821003)the Sino-German project (DFG Research Training Group,GK1070)
文摘Increased nitrogen (N) deposition will often lead to a decline in species richness in grassland ecosystems but the shifts in functional groups and plant traits are still poorly understood in China. A field experiment was conducted at Duolun, Inner Mongolia, China, to investigate the effects of N addition on a temperate steppe ecosystem. Six N levels (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 g N/(m2-a)) were added as three applications per year from 2005 to 2010. Enhanced N deposition, even as little as 3 g N/(m2.a) above ambient N deposition (1.2 g N/(m2.a)), led to a decline in species richness of the whole community. Increasing N addition can significantly stimulate aboveground biomass of perennial bunchgrasses (PB) but decrease perennial forbs (PF), and induce a slight change in the biomass of shrubs and semi-shrubs (SS). The biomass of annuals (AS) and perennial rhizome grasses (PR) accounts for only a small part of the total biomass. Species richness of PF decreased significantly with increasing N addition rate but there was a little change in the other functional groups. PB, as the dominant functional group, has a relatively higher height than others. Differences in the response of each functional group to N addition have site-specific and species-specific characteristics. We initially infer that N enrichment stimulated the growth of PB, which further suppressed the growth of other functional groups.
文摘不合理的土地利用方式以及气候变化导致我国草原生态系统普遍退化,主要表现在土壤养分降低、植被覆盖度减少、生产力下降。外源氮素添加是促进退化草原尽快恢复的一项重要措施,尤其是对那些退化较为严重的草原。该研究选取内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗不同退化程度(轻度、中度和重度)的草原群落,于2014–2015年开展连续两年的氮素添加实验,设置对照(不添加)、低水平(5.0 g N·m^(–2)·a^(–1))、中水平(10.0 g N·m^(–2)·a^(–1))和高水平(20.0 g N·m^(–2)·a^(–1))4种氮素添加处理,探讨退化草原群落生产力在恢复过程中对不同水平氮素添加的响应。结果显示:(1)高、中水平氮素添加显著提高了轻度退化群落的地上生物量,分别比对照增加了53.1%、51.6%,氮素各水平添加对中度、重度群落地上生物量无显著影响;(2)高、中水平氮素添加显著提高了轻度退化群落中多年生根茎型禾草地上生物量,分别比对照增加了45.1%、47.7%,而多年生杂类草地上生物量分别比对照减少了37.4%、42.1%,但中度和重度退化群落各功能群生物量的响应不显著;(3)三种水平氮素添加对轻、中、重度退化群落物种丰富度在试验期间均没有显著影响。研究结果表明氮素添加有助于提高轻度退化草原中多年生根茎型禾草的生物量,进而提高群落的生物量,但多年生杂类草会被逐渐替代,导致生物量降低,可见施氮对草原恢复的影响取决于草原退化程度。
文摘全球氮沉降速率的急剧增加已显著地改变了生态系统的生产力及稳定性,特别是在受N限制较严重的亚高山草地生态系统。虽然氮沉降增加对草地生产力和植物多样性影响的研究报道已经很多,但是氮素沉降的生态系效应因气候区、草地系统类型、加氮水平、氮肥类型和试验时间长短等不同而差别很大。为了评估氮沉降增加对亚高山草地植物物种多样性和生产力的影响,通过在祁连山中部亚高山草地设置不同氮添加水平(0、2、5、10、15、25 g N m^(-2) a^(-1)和50 g N m^(-2) a^(-1))的短期氮沉降增加模拟试验,探讨了生产力和物种多样性对不同水平氮添加的响应。结果显示:氮添加增加了禾本科(垂穗披碱草、赖草和草地早熟禾)和莎草科(矮嵩草)的地上生产力及其在群落生产力中所占的比例,主要表现在氮添加增加了禾本科和莎草科的株高和株数,降低了其他科(鹅绒委陵菜和葛缕子)的株高和株数;与生产力相比,植物多样性对氮添加的响应较慢,总体随着氮添加量的增加呈下降趋势但未达到显著水平;植物多样性与生产力呈显著的负相关关系。研究结果表明氮添加有助于提高禾本科和莎草科的生产力,进而提高群落生产力,但其他科的植物会被逐渐替代,导致群落植物物种多样性降低。研究结果可为我国亚高山草地的持续性管理提供一定的理论基础。
文摘三江平原是人类农业开垦活动最为强烈的区域之一,农业施肥已经显著增加了该地区自然沼泽湿地氮和磷的输入量,这将会深刻影响到湿地生态系统的结构和功能。通过3年的氮和磷添加试验,研究了养分富集对三江平原沼泽化草甸植物群落物种组成、多样性和地上生物量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,氮添加(N,6 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1))显著增加了禾本科植物的优势度,降低莎草科植物的优势度,导致物种多样性下降,但提高了植物群落地上生物量;而磷添加(P,1.2 g P·m^(-2)·a^(-1))降低了禾本科植物的优势度,增加了莎草科植物的优势度,但对植物群落物种多样性和地上生物量均没有造成显著的影响;氮、磷同时添加(N+P)虽然对植物多样性和地上生物量的影响没有产生显著的交互作用,但增强了小叶章在群落中的优势地位,降低了植物群落的物种多样性,提高了植物地上生物量。本研究表明,在三江平原沼泽化草甸中,养分富集将显著改变植物群落组成和地上净初级生产力,而且氮素和磷素富集影响并不一致。