Urban heat island is a global issue and a consequence of rapid urbanization that leads to higher land surface temperature in urban areas. The range is 0.6°C - 1.3°C compared to rural and suburban areas...Urban heat island is a global issue and a consequence of rapid urbanization that leads to higher land surface temperature in urban areas. The range is 0.6°C - 1.3°C compared to rural and suburban areas. LST (Land surface temperature) is an important parameter in determining the heat island. Understanding the relationship between green space configuration and LST is essential to the effective design of the mechanisms, which reduce the effect of urbanization on UHI (urban heat island). This study examines the correlation between LST and spatial configuration of green space in the urban landscape of Neyshabur city, Iran. Satellite images are obtained from Landsat ETM+ satellite sensor with a spatial resolution of 60 meters in August 2010 and used for the estimation of LST. In order to identify the configuration of green space, five configuration metrics LSI (landscape Shape Index), MPFD (Mean Patch Fractal Dimension), ED (Edge Density), MPS (Mean Patch Size) and MSI (Mean Shape Index) are used. In addition, configuration of the green space and temperature is compared by Pearson’s correlation-coefficient. Negative values represent a suppressive/negative effect on each other;the fact that other indicators of spatial configuration are inversely related to temperature means that they weaken the effect of UHI. Results of the study showed that the spatial configuration of the green space notably affects increased LST and UHI. On the other hand, the configuration indicator with the greatest impact on LST was ED, because with increase in margin density further decreases LST.展开更多
Objective:To determine the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in Neyshabur,Northeastern Iran from 2010 to 2014.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 543 samples from patients aging from 9 months to 74...Objective:To determine the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in Neyshabur,Northeastern Iran from 2010 to 2014.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 543 samples from patients aging from 9 months to 74 years were included in Neyshabur,Iran.The sampling of lesions was done using sterile syringes.The slides were stained with Giemsa.The leishman bodies were observed under light microscopy.Results:The highest and lowest prevalence of CL was among 21-30 years(P=0.007)and a range of 51-60 years(P=0.156),respectively.The overall incidence of CL from 2010-2014 was 32.2%(n=175).The CL incidence showed a decline from 2010-2014,but was not significant from 47/129(36.4%)cases in 2010 to 18/56(32.1%)cases in 2014.The CL rate was 101/295(34.2%)in males and 74/248(29.8%)in females(P=0.275).The highest and lowest incidence rates of CL in 2014 have been occurred in July and June with 17(36.9%)and 8(19.0%)positive cases,respectively.Conclusions:The incidence of CL in Neyshabur showed a declining trend during 2010-2014.The most susceptible age for leishmaniasis infection was 21-30 years.Leishmaniasis infection rate was not significantly different between men and women.展开更多
Objective:To detect infectious mononucleosis(IM)prevalence in Neyshabur,Northeast Iran during 2010-2014.Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey was performed to reveal the prevalence of IM in N...Objective:To detect infectious mononucleosis(IM)prevalence in Neyshabur,Northeast Iran during 2010-2014.Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey was performed to reveal the prevalence of IM in Neyshabur between 2010 and 2014.A total of 114 individuals were studied.Briefly,individuals with positive test for specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in the agglutination test were determined as positive cases.Results:The overall prevalence of IM was 14%.Mean±SD of age for IM test was 18.96±15.79.The age groups of 0-10 and 21-30 were the most positive cases in this period.In addition,31-40 and over 50 years were not positive cases.Male individuals were significantly more positive and likewise,it was observed that there were significantly higher positive cases of IM in spring and summer.Conclusions:Among the five years of this study,it was a decreasing status from 2010(23.1%)to 2014(9.1%),though a slight fluctuation had occurred.The prevalence of IM was low in Neyshabur City.Moreover,children and male individuals had relatively higher prevalence of the disease.Furthermore,it was observed a higher rate of IM in spring and summer.展开更多
Objective:To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESKAPE pathogens from Neyshabur,Iran during 2013-2015.Methods:A total of 345 isolates including 62 Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),38 Enterobacter spp.(i...Objective:To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESKAPE pathogens from Neyshabur,Iran during 2013-2015.Methods:A total of 345 isolates including 62 Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),38 Enterobacter spp.(including 14 Enterobacter agglomerans,6 Enterobacter aerogenes and other 18 Enterobacter spp.),123 Enterococcus faecium,78 Klebsiella pneumonia,10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 34 Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated.The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was conducted with Kirby Bauer method.Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software using F-and t-tests.Results:Among S.aureus isolates,the highest resistance was observed against nalidixic acid(81.35%)and cefixime(74.50%).Thirty-three(53.22%)S.aureus isolates were cefoxitin resistant(methicillin-resistant S.aureus).The majority of Enterobacter species was resistant to amikacin(100.00%)and cephalotin(66.60%).Most Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid(89.43%)and amikacin(83.33%),but vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates were not detected.Moreover,among Klebsiella pneumonia,the highest resistance was observed to nalidixic acid(20.98%)and cotrimoxazole(28.39%).Furthermore,all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to cefotaxime(100.00%)and majority to nitroforantoin(88.80%).Acinetobacter baumannii isolates showed the highest and the lowest resistance to cefotaxime(100.00%)and cefixime(88.71%),respectively.Conclusions:The prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens from northeast region was low,but majority of them exhibited high rate of antibiotic resistance to common used antimicrobial agents.展开更多
文摘Urban heat island is a global issue and a consequence of rapid urbanization that leads to higher land surface temperature in urban areas. The range is 0.6°C - 1.3°C compared to rural and suburban areas. LST (Land surface temperature) is an important parameter in determining the heat island. Understanding the relationship between green space configuration and LST is essential to the effective design of the mechanisms, which reduce the effect of urbanization on UHI (urban heat island). This study examines the correlation between LST and spatial configuration of green space in the urban landscape of Neyshabur city, Iran. Satellite images are obtained from Landsat ETM+ satellite sensor with a spatial resolution of 60 meters in August 2010 and used for the estimation of LST. In order to identify the configuration of green space, five configuration metrics LSI (landscape Shape Index), MPFD (Mean Patch Fractal Dimension), ED (Edge Density), MPS (Mean Patch Size) and MSI (Mean Shape Index) are used. In addition, configuration of the green space and temperature is compared by Pearson’s correlation-coefficient. Negative values represent a suppressive/negative effect on each other;the fact that other indicators of spatial configuration are inversely related to temperature means that they weaken the effect of UHI. Results of the study showed that the spatial configuration of the green space notably affects increased LST and UHI. On the other hand, the configuration indicator with the greatest impact on LST was ED, because with increase in margin density further decreases LST.
基金Supported by Iranian Academic Center for Education,Culture and Research of Mashhad,Iran(Grant No.1393/2374a).
文摘Objective:To determine the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in Neyshabur,Northeastern Iran from 2010 to 2014.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 543 samples from patients aging from 9 months to 74 years were included in Neyshabur,Iran.The sampling of lesions was done using sterile syringes.The slides were stained with Giemsa.The leishman bodies were observed under light microscopy.Results:The highest and lowest prevalence of CL was among 21-30 years(P=0.007)and a range of 51-60 years(P=0.156),respectively.The overall incidence of CL from 2010-2014 was 32.2%(n=175).The CL incidence showed a decline from 2010-2014,but was not significant from 47/129(36.4%)cases in 2010 to 18/56(32.1%)cases in 2014.The CL rate was 101/295(34.2%)in males and 74/248(29.8%)in females(P=0.275).The highest and lowest incidence rates of CL in 2014 have been occurred in July and June with 17(36.9%)and 8(19.0%)positive cases,respectively.Conclusions:The incidence of CL in Neyshabur showed a declining trend during 2010-2014.The most susceptible age for leishmaniasis infection was 21-30 years.Leishmaniasis infection rate was not significantly different between men and women.
基金Suppoted by Medical Diagnostic Laboratory of Neyshabur,Center of Medical,Pathological and Genetic Diagnostic Services,Iranian Academic Center for Education,Culture and Research,Mashhad,Iran(Grant No.1349536/4743,2014).
文摘Objective:To detect infectious mononucleosis(IM)prevalence in Neyshabur,Northeast Iran during 2010-2014.Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey was performed to reveal the prevalence of IM in Neyshabur between 2010 and 2014.A total of 114 individuals were studied.Briefly,individuals with positive test for specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in the agglutination test were determined as positive cases.Results:The overall prevalence of IM was 14%.Mean±SD of age for IM test was 18.96±15.79.The age groups of 0-10 and 21-30 were the most positive cases in this period.In addition,31-40 and over 50 years were not positive cases.Male individuals were significantly more positive and likewise,it was observed that there were significantly higher positive cases of IM in spring and summer.Conclusions:Among the five years of this study,it was a decreasing status from 2010(23.1%)to 2014(9.1%),though a slight fluctuation had occurred.The prevalence of IM was low in Neyshabur City.Moreover,children and male individuals had relatively higher prevalence of the disease.Furthermore,it was observed a higher rate of IM in spring and summer.
基金Supported by Medical Diagnostic Laboratory of Neyshabour,Center of Medical,Pathological and Genetic Diagnostic Services,Iranian Academic Center for Education,Culture and Research(ACECR),Mashhad Branch,Mashhad,Iran(Grant No.1393/247N58).
文摘Objective:To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESKAPE pathogens from Neyshabur,Iran during 2013-2015.Methods:A total of 345 isolates including 62 Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),38 Enterobacter spp.(including 14 Enterobacter agglomerans,6 Enterobacter aerogenes and other 18 Enterobacter spp.),123 Enterococcus faecium,78 Klebsiella pneumonia,10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 34 Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated.The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was conducted with Kirby Bauer method.Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software using F-and t-tests.Results:Among S.aureus isolates,the highest resistance was observed against nalidixic acid(81.35%)and cefixime(74.50%).Thirty-three(53.22%)S.aureus isolates were cefoxitin resistant(methicillin-resistant S.aureus).The majority of Enterobacter species was resistant to amikacin(100.00%)and cephalotin(66.60%).Most Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid(89.43%)and amikacin(83.33%),but vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates were not detected.Moreover,among Klebsiella pneumonia,the highest resistance was observed to nalidixic acid(20.98%)and cotrimoxazole(28.39%).Furthermore,all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to cefotaxime(100.00%)and majority to nitroforantoin(88.80%).Acinetobacter baumannii isolates showed the highest and the lowest resistance to cefotaxime(100.00%)and cefixime(88.71%),respectively.Conclusions:The prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens from northeast region was low,but majority of them exhibited high rate of antibiotic resistance to common used antimicrobial agents.
