国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑的高耗能问题日益突出,该类建筑的节能改革正成为当前建筑节能工作的重点,因此做好此类建筑运行能耗尤其是暖通空调设备运行能耗的监测与节能诊断分析对实现"十一五"节能目标有重要意义。本文...国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑的高耗能问题日益突出,该类建筑的节能改革正成为当前建筑节能工作的重点,因此做好此类建筑运行能耗尤其是暖通空调设备运行能耗的监测与节能诊断分析对实现"十一五"节能目标有重要意义。本文设计开发了建筑运行能耗监测与节能诊断系统硬件子系统,该系统不仅能监测耗能量,还能监测用能品质。主要研究内容包括以MS SQL Server 2000作为平台设计了能耗监测与数据信息数据库系统,开发了建筑运行能耗监测数据采集服务器程序与客户端查询分析程序,建筑用户凭密码可在网上查询最新的监测数据并得到分析报告,从而帮助建筑用户实现能源系统由粗放型管理转变为精细型、科学化管理。在此系统基础上,通过工程案例分析,发现空调系统中存在严重的"大流量、小温差"现象和电力系统中存在"三相不平衡"能源浪费问题。展开更多
提出了一种集基于节点地理位置信息的集成拓扑控制、MAC和路由为一体的高能效数据收集协议REEGF(geographic forwarding protocol with reliable and energy-efficient).REEGF使用了具有双无线信道协作通信结构的网络节点,以利用唤醒信...提出了一种集基于节点地理位置信息的集成拓扑控制、MAC和路由为一体的高能效数据收集协议REEGF(geographic forwarding protocol with reliable and energy-efficient).REEGF使用了具有双无线信道协作通信结构的网络节点,以利用唤醒信道发送和侦听忙音减少节点的空闲侦听时间.利用无线传感器网络的时间同步算法和依赖于本地节点密度、节点剩余能量的概率同步调度算法,REEGF使处于监测状态的网络节点以概率在每个网络侦听周期同步唤醒,减少冗余节点的空闲侦听,确保网络节点局部连通度的一致性和稳定性;在网络节点处于数据传递状态时,REEGF依赖于节点的位置信息,采用候选接收节点竞争的方式,选取朝向目标SINK节点前进距离最大的邻节点,作为下一跳中继接收节点,实现路由.MAC和拓扑管理的有机结合,能够节省节点的资源,平衡节点的能量消耗,确保数据传递的及时性.理论分析和仿真实验的结果均表明,REEGF的能效性和数据传递的多跳时延性能远优于GeRaF,网络节点的能量消耗更加均衡,WSNs寿命得到显著延长,且随着网络节点密度的增加,执行REEGF的WSNs寿命相应于节点的数量近似呈线性增加.展开更多
In many wireless sensor network applications, it should be considered that how to trade off the inherent conflict between energy efficient communication and desired quality of service such as real-time and reliability...In many wireless sensor network applications, it should be considered that how to trade off the inherent conflict between energy efficient communication and desired quality of service such as real-time and reliability of transportation. In this paper, a novel routing protocols named balance energy-efficient and real-time with reliable communication （BERR） for wireless sensor networks （WSNs） are proposed, which considers the joint performances of real-time, energy efficiency and reliability. In BERR, a node, which is preparing to transmit data packets to sink node, estimates the energy cost, hop count value to sink node and reliability using local information gained from neighbor nodes. BERR considers not only each sender＇ energy level but also that of its neighbor nodes, so that the better energy conditions a node has, the more probability it will be to be chosen as the next relay node. To enhance real-time delivery, it will choose the node with smaller hop count value to sink node as the possible relay candidate. To improve reliability, it adopts retransmission mechanism. Simulation results show that BERR has better performances in term of energy consumption, network lifetime, reliability and small transmitting delay.展开更多
文摘国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑的高耗能问题日益突出,该类建筑的节能改革正成为当前建筑节能工作的重点,因此做好此类建筑运行能耗尤其是暖通空调设备运行能耗的监测与节能诊断分析对实现"十一五"节能目标有重要意义。本文设计开发了建筑运行能耗监测与节能诊断系统硬件子系统,该系统不仅能监测耗能量,还能监测用能品质。主要研究内容包括以MS SQL Server 2000作为平台设计了能耗监测与数据信息数据库系统,开发了建筑运行能耗监测数据采集服务器程序与客户端查询分析程序,建筑用户凭密码可在网上查询最新的监测数据并得到分析报告,从而帮助建筑用户实现能源系统由粗放型管理转变为精细型、科学化管理。在此系统基础上,通过工程案例分析,发现空调系统中存在严重的"大流量、小温差"现象和电力系统中存在"三相不平衡"能源浪费问题。
文摘提出了一种集基于节点地理位置信息的集成拓扑控制、MAC和路由为一体的高能效数据收集协议REEGF(geographic forwarding protocol with reliable and energy-efficient).REEGF使用了具有双无线信道协作通信结构的网络节点,以利用唤醒信道发送和侦听忙音减少节点的空闲侦听时间.利用无线传感器网络的时间同步算法和依赖于本地节点密度、节点剩余能量的概率同步调度算法,REEGF使处于监测状态的网络节点以概率在每个网络侦听周期同步唤醒,减少冗余节点的空闲侦听,确保网络节点局部连通度的一致性和稳定性;在网络节点处于数据传递状态时,REEGF依赖于节点的位置信息,采用候选接收节点竞争的方式,选取朝向目标SINK节点前进距离最大的邻节点,作为下一跳中继接收节点,实现路由.MAC和拓扑管理的有机结合,能够节省节点的资源,平衡节点的能量消耗,确保数据传递的及时性.理论分析和仿真实验的结果均表明,REEGF的能效性和数据传递的多跳时延性能远优于GeRaF,网络节点的能量消耗更加均衡,WSNs寿命得到显著延长,且随着网络节点密度的增加,执行REEGF的WSNs寿命相应于节点的数量近似呈线性增加.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61104033, 61174127, 60934003)the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Fund (F2012203109, F2012203126)
文摘In many wireless sensor network applications, it should be considered that how to trade off the inherent conflict between energy efficient communication and desired quality of service such as real-time and reliability of transportation. In this paper, a novel routing protocols named balance energy-efficient and real-time with reliable communication （BERR） for wireless sensor networks （WSNs） are proposed, which considers the joint performances of real-time, energy efficiency and reliability. In BERR, a node, which is preparing to transmit data packets to sink node, estimates the energy cost, hop count value to sink node and reliability using local information gained from neighbor nodes. BERR considers not only each sender＇ energy level but also that of its neighbor nodes, so that the better energy conditions a node has, the more probability it will be to be chosen as the next relay node. To enhance real-time delivery, it will choose the node with smaller hop count value to sink node as the possible relay candidate. To improve reliability, it adopts retransmission mechanism. Simulation results show that BERR has better performances in term of energy consumption, network lifetime, reliability and small transmitting delay.
