After peripheral nerve injury, intraperitoneal injection of folic acid improves axon quantity, increases axon density and improves electromyography results. However, the mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study ...After peripheral nerve injury, intraperitoneal injection of folic acid improves axon quantity, increases axon density and improves electromyography results. However, the mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study explored whether folic acid promotes peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting Schwann cell function. Primary Schwann cells were obtained from rats by in vitro separation and culture. Cell proliferation, assayed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, was higher in cells cultured for 72 hours with 100 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. Cell proliferation was also higher in the 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L folic acid groups compared with the control group after culture for 96 hours. Proliferation was markedly higher in the 100 mg/L folic acid group compared with the 50 mg/L folic acid group and the 40 ng/L nerve growth factor group. In Transwell assays, the number of migrated Schwann cells dramatically increased after culture with 100 and 150 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. In nerve growth factor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, treatment of Schwa nn cell cultures with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L folic acid increased levels of nerve growth factor in the culture medium compared with the control group at 3 days. The nerve growth factor concentration of Schwann cell cultures treated with 100 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 50 and 150 mg/L folic acid groups at 3 days. Nerve growth factor concentration in the 10, 50, and 100 mg/L folic acid groups was higher than that in the control group at 7 days. The nerve growth factor concentration in the 50 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 10 and 100 mg/L folic acid groups at 7 days. In vivo, 80 μg/kg folic acid was intraperitoneally administrated for 7 consecutive days after sciatic nerve injury. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of Schwann cells in the folic acid group was greater than that in the control group. We suggest that folic acid may play a role in improvin展开更多
AIM: To observe the effects of intravitreal injections of different concentrations of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells on retinopathy in rats with diabetes mellitus.METHODS: Healthy and adult male Sprague-Dawley...AIM: To observe the effects of intravitreal injections of different concentrations of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells on retinopathy in rats with diabetes mellitus.METHODS: Healthy and adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly assigned to a normal control group(group A), a diabetic retinopathy(DR) blank control group(group B), a high-concentration transplantation group(group C), a low-concentration transplantation group(group D) and a placebo transplantation group(group E). The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)protein in the retinal layers was detected by immunohistochemical staining at 2, 4, 6 and 8wk.RESULTS: The expression of NGF was positive in group A and most positive in the retinal ganglion cell layer. In groups B and E, the expression of NGF was positive 2wk after transplantation and showed an increase in all layers. However, the level of expression had decreased in all layers at 4wk and was significantly reduced at 8wk. In groups C and D, the expression of NGF had increased at 2wk and continued to increase up to 8wk. The level of expression in group C was much higher than that in group D.CONCLUSION: DR can be improved by intravitreal injection of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells.High concentrations of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells confer a better protective effect on DR than low concentrations.展开更多
Rapamycin, similar to FKS06, can promote neural regeneration in vitro. We assumed that the mechanisms of action of rapamycin and FK506 in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration were similar. This study compared the e...Rapamycin, similar to FKS06, can promote neural regeneration in vitro. We assumed that the mechanisms of action of rapamycin and FK506 in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration were similar. This study compared the effects of different concentrations of raparnycin and FK506 on Sc hwann cells and investigated effects and mechanisms of rapamycin on improving peripheral nerve regeneration. Results demonstrated that the lowest rapamycin concentration （1.53 nmol/L） more significantly promoted Schwann cell migration than the highest FK506 concentration （100μmol/L）. Rapamycin promoted the secretion of nerve growth factors and upregulated growth-associated protein 43 expression in Schwann cells, but did not significantly affect Schwann cell proliferation. Therefore, rapamycin has potential application in peripheral nerve regeneration therapy.展开更多
Injuries caused by trauma and neurodegenerative diseases can damage the peripheral nervous system and cause functional deficits.Unlike in the central nervous system,damaged axons in peripheral nerves can be induced to...Injuries caused by trauma and neurodegenerative diseases can damage the peripheral nervous system and cause functional deficits.Unlike in the central nervous system,damaged axons in peripheral nerves can be induced to regenerate in response to intrinsic cues after reprogramming or in a growth-promoting microenvironment created by Schwann cells.However,axon regeneration and repair do not automatically result in the restoration of function,which is the ultimate therapeutic goal but also a major clinical challenge.Transforming growth factor(TGF)is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates various biological processes including tissue repair,embryo development,and cell growth and differentiation.There is accumulating evidence that TGF-βfamily proteins participate in peripheral nerve repair through various factors and signaling pathways by regulating the growth and transformation of Schwann cells;recruiting specific immune cells;controlling the permeability of the blood-nerve barrier,thereby stimulating axon growth;and inhibiting remyelination of regenerated axons.TGF-βhas been applied to the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in animal models.In this context,we review the functions of TGF-βin peripheral nerve regeneration and potential clinical applications.展开更多
目的:探讨依达拉奉联合纳美芬对急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清神经细胞因子和炎性因子的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年12月我院接诊的急性重型颅脑损伤患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40),对照组患者入院后接受...目的:探讨依达拉奉联合纳美芬对急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清神经细胞因子和炎性因子的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年12月我院接诊的急性重型颅脑损伤患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40),对照组患者入院后接受常规综合治疗,观察组在此基础上给予依达拉奉联合纳美芬进行治疗,比较两组患者血清神经细胞因子、炎性因子水平及格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、急性生理学及慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分变化情况,观察两组患者颅内压情况、脑水肿情况以及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者治疗后1d、治疗后1周血清β-内咖肽、S100β蛋白、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平均低于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后1周血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗1周后颅内压<15 mm Hg所占比例及轻度脑水肿所占比例均高于对照组(P<0.05),而颅内压≥20 mm Hg所占比例及重度脑水肿所占比例均著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后1周GCS评分较治疗前升高,APACHEⅡ评分较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且观察组治疗后1周GCS评分较对照组升高,APACHEⅡ评分较对照组降低(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率经统计分析差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:依达拉奉联合纳美芬能够明显改善急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清神经细胞因子和炎性因子水平,促进颅内压下降和脑水肿吸收,有利于提升患者预后,且安全性好。展开更多
Background Recent studies have discovered that nuclear translocation of nerve growth factor （NGF） and its receptor fragments function differently from the traditional model. This study aimed to uncover the nuclear e...Background Recent studies have discovered that nuclear translocation of nerve growth factor （NGF） and its receptor fragments function differently from the traditional model. This study aimed to uncover the nuclear expression of NGF in astrocytoma and its biological significance.Methods Ninety-four paraffin-embedded astrocytoma specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical （IHC） and hemotoxylin ＆ eosin （HE） staining. Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） specimens and intraoperative snap-frozen astrocytoma tissues were assayed for NGF expression by ELISA and Western blotting. The outcome of patients who contributed samples was tracked. Each ten tissue samples from patients with traumatic brain injury who had received decompression surgery and CSF samples from patients undergoing spinal anesthesia but with no history of nervous system disease were taken as control.Results NGF-positive immunoreactive products were distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of astrocytoma, but were only located in the cytoplasm of traumatic brain injury （TBI） tissue. NGF nuclear-positive rate （NPR） of grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ astrocytomas （70.0%） was higher than that of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ astrocytoma （28.6%, P＜0.05）. NGF-NP expression positively correlated with the NGF concentration in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） （r=0.755, P＜0.01）. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the median survival time was 25 months for NGF-NP astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients and 42 months in NGF nuclear negative （NGF-NN） astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients （P＜0.05）. In astrocytoma Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients, the median survival was 7 months for NGF-NP patients and 24 months for NGF-NN patients （P＜0.01）. Two types of NGF with molecular weights of 13 and 36 kDa were present in astrocytoma, but only the 36 kDa NGF was found in the CSF. NGF expression elevated as the malignancy increased.Conclusions NGF-NP expression and NGF level in CSF were significant prognostic factors in astrocytoma patients.Because of the 展开更多
The eukaryotic expression vector containing full-length cDNA sequence of rate nerve growth factor （NGF） β subunit was constructed and its effects on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells were obser...The eukaryotic expression vector containing full-length cDNA sequence of rate nerve growth factor （NGF） β subunit was constructed and its effects on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells were observed. By using PCR, full-length cDNA sequence of NGF β subunit in rats was cloned and ligated into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-NGF. The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-NGF was transfected into the mesencephal neural stem cells of embryonic rats by Lipofectamin and transiently expressed. MTT method was used to determine the effects of NGF on proliferation of neural stem cells, and under phase-contrast microscopy, the effects of NGF on growth of nervous processes following differentiation of neural stem cells were observed. Sequence analysis indicated that the cloned full-length cDNA sequence of rat NGF β was identical to that of published sequence encoding NGF in gene GeneBank. The transfection of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-NGF into mesencephal neural stem cells of embryonic rats could obviously promote proliferation of neural stem cells and faciliate the growth of neural stem cells-derived nerve cells. It was suggested that neural stem cells could be used as a vehicle of gene transfer, and the expression of NGF β subunit in the neural stem cells could promote the growth of nerve cells derived from neural stem cells.展开更多
Objective:To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA) in promoting recovery of the facial function with the involvement of autophagy,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),and phosphatidylinositol-3-...Objective:To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA) in promoting recovery of the facial function with the involvement of autophagy,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway.Methods:Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the control,sham-operated,facial nerve injury(FNI),EA,EA+3-methyladenine(3-MA),and EA+GDNF antagonist groups using a random number table,with 12 rats in each group.An FNI rat model was established with facial nerve crushing method.EA intervention was conducted at Dicang(ST 4),Jiache(ST 6),Yifeng(SJ 17),and Hegu(LI 4) acupoints for 2 weeks.The Simone’s 10-Point Scale was utilized to monitor the recovery of facial function.The histopathological evaluation of facial nerves was performed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The levels of Beclin-1,light chain 3(LC3),and P62 were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC),immunofluorescence,and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction,respectively.Additionally,IHC was also used to detect the levels of GDNF,Rai,PI3K,and mTOR.Results:The facial functional scores were significantly increased in the EA group than the FNI group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).HE staining showed nerve axons and myelin sheaths,which were destroyed immediately after the injury,were recovered with EA treatment.The expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 were significantly elevated and the expression of P62 was markedly reduced in FNI rats(P<0.01);however,EA treatment reversed these abnormal changes(P<0.01).Meanwhile,EA stimulation significantly increased the levels of GDNF,Rai,PI3K,and mTOR(P<0.01).After exogenous administration with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or GDNF antagonist,the repair effect of EA on facial function was attenuated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions:EA could promote the recovery of facial function and repair the facial nerve damages in a rat model of FNI.EA may exert this neuroreparative effect through mediating the release of GDNF,activating the P展开更多
Background Airway symptoms in asthma are related to decrease of epinephrine secretion, which may be ascribed to elevated nerve growth factor （NGF） in the organism. The aim of this study was to monitor the neuroendoc...Background Airway symptoms in asthma are related to decrease of epinephrine secretion, which may be ascribed to elevated nerve growth factor （NGF） in the organism. The aim of this study was to monitor the neuroendocrine alteration in the adrenal medulla of asthmatic rats. Methods Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups （n=-8）, control group and asthma group, and the asthmatic rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin （OVA）. The levels of NGF, epinephrine and norepinephrine in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, the NGF expression in adrenal medulla was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the changes in the ultrastructure of the adrenal medulla was observed by electron microscopy. Results The NGF expression was increased in asthmatic rats compared with control rats. Compared with control rats, the results indicated that the epinephrine level was decreased in asthmatic rats, but no significant difference was found in norepinephrine levels. We found more ganglion cells in the adrenal medulla of asthmatic rats than in control rats, with NGF immunostaining mainly located in these ganglion cells. Electron microscopic images showed the density of chromaffin granula decreased and there was shrunken nucleolemma in the adrenal medullary cells of asthmatic rats. Conclusion The innervation of the adrenal medulla is changed in asthmatic rats, and it may contribute to the epinephrine decrease in asthma.展开更多
基金supported by the High Levels of Health Technical Personnel in Beijing City Health System of China,No.2013-3-050(to JZY)
文摘After peripheral nerve injury, intraperitoneal injection of folic acid improves axon quantity, increases axon density and improves electromyography results. However, the mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study explored whether folic acid promotes peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting Schwann cell function. Primary Schwann cells were obtained from rats by in vitro separation and culture. Cell proliferation, assayed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, was higher in cells cultured for 72 hours with 100 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. Cell proliferation was also higher in the 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L folic acid groups compared with the control group after culture for 96 hours. Proliferation was markedly higher in the 100 mg/L folic acid group compared with the 50 mg/L folic acid group and the 40 ng/L nerve growth factor group. In Transwell assays, the number of migrated Schwann cells dramatically increased after culture with 100 and 150 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. In nerve growth factor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, treatment of Schwa nn cell cultures with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L folic acid increased levels of nerve growth factor in the culture medium compared with the control group at 3 days. The nerve growth factor concentration of Schwann cell cultures treated with 100 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 50 and 150 mg/L folic acid groups at 3 days. Nerve growth factor concentration in the 10, 50, and 100 mg/L folic acid groups was higher than that in the control group at 7 days. The nerve growth factor concentration in the 50 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 10 and 100 mg/L folic acid groups at 7 days. In vivo, 80 μg/kg folic acid was intraperitoneally administrated for 7 consecutive days after sciatic nerve injury. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of Schwann cells in the folic acid group was greater than that in the control group. We suggest that folic acid may play a role in improvin
基金Supported by Tianjin Science and Technology ProjectChina(No.13ZCZDSY01500)
文摘AIM: To observe the effects of intravitreal injections of different concentrations of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells on retinopathy in rats with diabetes mellitus.METHODS: Healthy and adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly assigned to a normal control group(group A), a diabetic retinopathy(DR) blank control group(group B), a high-concentration transplantation group(group C), a low-concentration transplantation group(group D) and a placebo transplantation group(group E). The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)protein in the retinal layers was detected by immunohistochemical staining at 2, 4, 6 and 8wk.RESULTS: The expression of NGF was positive in group A and most positive in the retinal ganglion cell layer. In groups B and E, the expression of NGF was positive 2wk after transplantation and showed an increase in all layers. However, the level of expression had decreased in all layers at 4wk and was significantly reduced at 8wk. In groups C and D, the expression of NGF had increased at 2wk and continued to increase up to 8wk. The level of expression in group C was much higher than that in group D.CONCLUSION: DR can be improved by intravitreal injection of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells.High concentrations of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells confer a better protective effect on DR than low concentrations.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program),No.2011CB606205the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51172171 and 51103112+2 种基金the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education,No.313041the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2013CFB354the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.WUT:2013-IV-099
文摘Rapamycin, similar to FKS06, can promote neural regeneration in vitro. We assumed that the mechanisms of action of rapamycin and FK506 in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration were similar. This study compared the effects of different concentrations of raparnycin and FK506 on Sc hwann cells and investigated effects and mechanisms of rapamycin on improving peripheral nerve regeneration. Results demonstrated that the lowest rapamycin concentration （1.53 nmol/L） more significantly promoted Schwann cell migration than the highest FK506 concentration （100μmol/L）. Rapamycin promoted the secretion of nerve growth factors and upregulated growth-associated protein 43 expression in Schwann cells, but did not significantly affect Schwann cell proliferation. Therefore, rapamycin has potential application in peripheral nerve regeneration therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31971277 and 31950410551(both to DY)。
文摘Injuries caused by trauma and neurodegenerative diseases can damage the peripheral nervous system and cause functional deficits.Unlike in the central nervous system,damaged axons in peripheral nerves can be induced to regenerate in response to intrinsic cues after reprogramming or in a growth-promoting microenvironment created by Schwann cells.However,axon regeneration and repair do not automatically result in the restoration of function,which is the ultimate therapeutic goal but also a major clinical challenge.Transforming growth factor(TGF)is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates various biological processes including tissue repair,embryo development,and cell growth and differentiation.There is accumulating evidence that TGF-βfamily proteins participate in peripheral nerve repair through various factors and signaling pathways by regulating the growth and transformation of Schwann cells;recruiting specific immune cells;controlling the permeability of the blood-nerve barrier,thereby stimulating axon growth;and inhibiting remyelination of regenerated axons.TGF-βhas been applied to the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in animal models.In this context,we review the functions of TGF-βin peripheral nerve regeneration and potential clinical applications.
文摘目的:探讨依达拉奉联合纳美芬对急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清神经细胞因子和炎性因子的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年12月我院接诊的急性重型颅脑损伤患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40),对照组患者入院后接受常规综合治疗,观察组在此基础上给予依达拉奉联合纳美芬进行治疗,比较两组患者血清神经细胞因子、炎性因子水平及格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、急性生理学及慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分变化情况,观察两组患者颅内压情况、脑水肿情况以及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者治疗后1d、治疗后1周血清β-内咖肽、S100β蛋白、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平均低于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后1周血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗1周后颅内压<15 mm Hg所占比例及轻度脑水肿所占比例均高于对照组(P<0.05),而颅内压≥20 mm Hg所占比例及重度脑水肿所占比例均著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后1周GCS评分较治疗前升高,APACHEⅡ评分较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且观察组治疗后1周GCS评分较对照组升高,APACHEⅡ评分较对照组降低(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率经统计分析差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:依达拉奉联合纳美芬能够明显改善急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清神经细胞因子和炎性因子水平,促进颅内压下降和脑水肿吸收,有利于提升患者预后,且安全性好。
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30701031） and Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhenjiang （No. SH2007031）.
文摘Background Recent studies have discovered that nuclear translocation of nerve growth factor （NGF） and its receptor fragments function differently from the traditional model. This study aimed to uncover the nuclear expression of NGF in astrocytoma and its biological significance.Methods Ninety-four paraffin-embedded astrocytoma specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical （IHC） and hemotoxylin ＆ eosin （HE） staining. Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） specimens and intraoperative snap-frozen astrocytoma tissues were assayed for NGF expression by ELISA and Western blotting. The outcome of patients who contributed samples was tracked. Each ten tissue samples from patients with traumatic brain injury who had received decompression surgery and CSF samples from patients undergoing spinal anesthesia but with no history of nervous system disease were taken as control.Results NGF-positive immunoreactive products were distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of astrocytoma, but were only located in the cytoplasm of traumatic brain injury （TBI） tissue. NGF nuclear-positive rate （NPR） of grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ astrocytomas （70.0%） was higher than that of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ astrocytoma （28.6%, P＜0.05）. NGF-NP expression positively correlated with the NGF concentration in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） （r=0.755, P＜0.01）. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the median survival time was 25 months for NGF-NP astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients and 42 months in NGF nuclear negative （NGF-NN） astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients （P＜0.05）. In astrocytoma Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients, the median survival was 7 months for NGF-NP patients and 24 months for NGF-NN patients （P＜0.01）. Two types of NGF with molecular weights of 13 and 36 kDa were present in astrocytoma, but only the 36 kDa NGF was found in the CSF. NGF expression elevated as the malignancy increased.Conclusions NGF-NP expression and NGF level in CSF were significant prognostic factors in astrocytoma patients.Because of the
文摘The eukaryotic expression vector containing full-length cDNA sequence of rate nerve growth factor （NGF） β subunit was constructed and its effects on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells were observed. By using PCR, full-length cDNA sequence of NGF β subunit in rats was cloned and ligated into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-NGF. The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-NGF was transfected into the mesencephal neural stem cells of embryonic rats by Lipofectamin and transiently expressed. MTT method was used to determine the effects of NGF on proliferation of neural stem cells, and under phase-contrast microscopy, the effects of NGF on growth of nervous processes following differentiation of neural stem cells were observed. Sequence analysis indicated that the cloned full-length cDNA sequence of rat NGF β was identical to that of published sequence encoding NGF in gene GeneBank. The transfection of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-NGF into mesencephal neural stem cells of embryonic rats could obviously promote proliferation of neural stem cells and faciliate the growth of neural stem cells-derived nerve cells. It was suggested that neural stem cells could be used as a vehicle of gene transfer, and the expression of NGF β subunit in the neural stem cells could promote the growth of nerve cells derived from neural stem cells.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81603706)。
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA) in promoting recovery of the facial function with the involvement of autophagy,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway.Methods:Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the control,sham-operated,facial nerve injury(FNI),EA,EA+3-methyladenine(3-MA),and EA+GDNF antagonist groups using a random number table,with 12 rats in each group.An FNI rat model was established with facial nerve crushing method.EA intervention was conducted at Dicang(ST 4),Jiache(ST 6),Yifeng(SJ 17),and Hegu(LI 4) acupoints for 2 weeks.The Simone’s 10-Point Scale was utilized to monitor the recovery of facial function.The histopathological evaluation of facial nerves was performed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The levels of Beclin-1,light chain 3(LC3),and P62 were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC),immunofluorescence,and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction,respectively.Additionally,IHC was also used to detect the levels of GDNF,Rai,PI3K,and mTOR.Results:The facial functional scores were significantly increased in the EA group than the FNI group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).HE staining showed nerve axons and myelin sheaths,which were destroyed immediately after the injury,were recovered with EA treatment.The expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 were significantly elevated and the expression of P62 was markedly reduced in FNI rats(P<0.01);however,EA treatment reversed these abnormal changes(P<0.01).Meanwhile,EA stimulation significantly increased the levels of GDNF,Rai,PI3K,and mTOR(P<0.01).After exogenous administration with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or GDNF antagonist,the repair effect of EA on facial function was attenuated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions:EA could promote the recovery of facial function and repair the facial nerve damages in a rat model of FNI.EA may exert this neuroreparative effect through mediating the release of GDNF,activating the P
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30570802, No. 30800502 and No. 30801505）.
文摘Background Airway symptoms in asthma are related to decrease of epinephrine secretion, which may be ascribed to elevated nerve growth factor （NGF） in the organism. The aim of this study was to monitor the neuroendocrine alteration in the adrenal medulla of asthmatic rats. Methods Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups （n=-8）, control group and asthma group, and the asthmatic rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin （OVA）. The levels of NGF, epinephrine and norepinephrine in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, the NGF expression in adrenal medulla was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the changes in the ultrastructure of the adrenal medulla was observed by electron microscopy. Results The NGF expression was increased in asthmatic rats compared with control rats. Compared with control rats, the results indicated that the epinephrine level was decreased in asthmatic rats, but no significant difference was found in norepinephrine levels. We found more ganglion cells in the adrenal medulla of asthmatic rats than in control rats, with NGF immunostaining mainly located in these ganglion cells. Electron microscopic images showed the density of chromaffin granula decreased and there was shrunken nucleolemma in the adrenal medullary cells of asthmatic rats. Conclusion The innervation of the adrenal medulla is changed in asthmatic rats, and it may contribute to the epinephrine decrease in asthma.
