The diffusion coefficients(Dapp) and the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants(ks)for ferrocene and its seven derivatives in MPEG/LiClO4 electrolyte were determined by using steadystate voltammetry. The two p...The diffusion coefficients(Dapp) and the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants(ks)for ferrocene and its seven derivatives in MPEG/LiClO4 electrolyte were determined by using steadystate voltammetry. The two parameters increase with increasing temperature, indicating Arrhenius behavior. The effects of the nature of electroactive solute molecules on Dapp, ks, and the half-wave potentials(E1/2) are discussed.展开更多
Infrastructure mega-project(IMP) innovation is a complex process characterized by highly diverse innovators, a dynamic life-cycle, and stickiness of innovation knowledge. The IMP's innovation network can be easily...Infrastructure mega-project(IMP) innovation is a complex process characterized by highly diverse innovators, a dynamic life-cycle, and stickiness of innovation knowledge. The IMP's innovation network can be easily broken due to the fact that the network involves many different innovators across different industries and different projects. Further reasons for the fragility of the IMP's innovation network are the dynamics of the IMP life-cycle, the diversity of the IMP's innovative entities, the uniqueness of each IMP, and the temporary nature of each IMP's organizations. The innovation island formed by the breaking of an IMP's innovation network can stifle and harm innovation performance. Drawing from the knowledge-based view as well as innovation network theory, our research identifies the heterogeneous characteristics of IMP innovation. We propose a framework to analyze the formation mechanism of the IMP innovation island from three dimensions—the horizontal innovation island, the vertical innovation island, and the longitudinal innovation island. We look at the Hong Kong-ZhuhaiMacao Bridge project to elaborate the innovation island concept that negatively impacts IMP innovation. We also offer theoretical implications regarding the broader question of how IMPs can manage their innovation in practice.展开更多
文摘The diffusion coefficients(Dapp) and the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants(ks)for ferrocene and its seven derivatives in MPEG/LiClO4 electrolyte were determined by using steadystate voltammetry. The two parameters increase with increasing temperature, indicating Arrhenius behavior. The effects of the nature of electroactive solute molecules on Dapp, ks, and the half-wave potentials(E1/2) are discussed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71390525 and 71620107004)the Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Program(Grant No.14XD1402200)
文摘Infrastructure mega-project(IMP) innovation is a complex process characterized by highly diverse innovators, a dynamic life-cycle, and stickiness of innovation knowledge. The IMP's innovation network can be easily broken due to the fact that the network involves many different innovators across different industries and different projects. Further reasons for the fragility of the IMP's innovation network are the dynamics of the IMP life-cycle, the diversity of the IMP's innovative entities, the uniqueness of each IMP, and the temporary nature of each IMP's organizations. The innovation island formed by the breaking of an IMP's innovation network can stifle and harm innovation performance. Drawing from the knowledge-based view as well as innovation network theory, our research identifies the heterogeneous characteristics of IMP innovation. We propose a framework to analyze the formation mechanism of the IMP innovation island from three dimensions—the horizontal innovation island, the vertical innovation island, and the longitudinal innovation island. We look at the Hong Kong-ZhuhaiMacao Bridge project to elaborate the innovation island concept that negatively impacts IMP innovation. We also offer theoretical implications regarding the broader question of how IMPs can manage their innovation in practice.
