Objective: In this study we execute a rational screen to identify Chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel...Objective: In this study we execute a rational screen to identify Chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), an ongoing novel coronavirus that causes pneumonia.Methods: There were two main steps in the screening process. In the first step we conducted a literature search for natural compounds that had been biologically confirmed as against sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Resulting compounds were cross-checked for listing in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database.Compounds meeting both requirements were subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion(ADME) evaluation to verify that oral administration would be effective. Next, a docking analysis was used to test whether the compound had the potential for direct 2019-nCoV protein interaction.In the second step we searched Chinese herbal databases to identify plants containing the selected compounds. Plants containing 2 or more of the compounds identified in our screen were then checked against the catalogue for classic herbal usage. Finally, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the general in vivo effects of each selected herb.Results: Of the natural compounds screened, 13 that exist in traditional Chinese medicines were also found to have potential anti-2019-nCoV activity. Further, 125 Chinese herbs were found to contain 2 or more of these 13 compounds. Of these 125 herbs, 26 are classically catalogued as treating viral respiratory infections. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the general in vivo roles of these26 herbal plants were related to regulating viral infection, immune/inflammation reactions and hypoxia response.Conclusion: Chinese herbal treatments classically used for treating viral respiratory infection might contain direct anti-2019-nCoV compounds.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts,adipocytes,or chondrocytes in vitro,and regulatin...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts,adipocytes,or chondrocytes in vitro,and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo.The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage.Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases,including aging,osteoporosis,and insulin resistance.Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo.In this review,we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs,for instance,genistein,medicarpin,and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment;isorhamnetin,risedronate,and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis;and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination.We highlight the underlying mechanisms,including direct regulation,epigenetic modification,and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK,MAPK,Notch,PI3K/AKT,Hedgehog signaling pathways etc.and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials.The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation,adipose tissue homeostasis,and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.展开更多
高压脉冲电场(High pulsed electric field,简称HPEF)作为新兴非热处理技术有处理时间短、耗能低的特点。在提取天然产物方面又因其破壁率高、温度变化小、有利于热敏物质提取而受到关注。着重就高压脉冲电场对天然产物如核酸、蛋白质...高压脉冲电场(High pulsed electric field,简称HPEF)作为新兴非热处理技术有处理时间短、耗能低的特点。在提取天然产物方面又因其破壁率高、温度变化小、有利于热敏物质提取而受到关注。着重就高压脉冲电场对天然产物如核酸、蛋白质、糖类和色素的提取效果进行综述,并给出改进意见。展开更多
Herbal medicines, including traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), have been used in Eastern countries for treating diseases such as cancer for thousands of years. With the growing knowledge of tumorigenesis and cancer ...Herbal medicines, including traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), have been used in Eastern countries for treating diseases such as cancer for thousands of years. With the growing knowledge of tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, some natural compounds have been developed as clinical anticancer drugs. In addition, many compounds and TCMs have been characterized as complementary and alternative treatments,with synergetic effects on enhancing the efficacy or reducing the side effects of the therapeutics. In this review, we summarized the recent studies focusing on the combination of natural compounds or TCM decoction with chemotherapeutics. The detailed mechanisms of action of the combinations and the application of analytical methods on TCM development are also discussed.展开更多
As cell and tissue homeostasis are mediated by the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, controlling this balance is important for cancer chemoprevention. Cancer chemoprevention can be achieved by the use of na...As cell and tissue homeostasis are mediated by the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, controlling this balance is important for cancer chemoprevention. Cancer chemoprevention can be achieved by the use of natural, synthetic or biologic compounds that reverse, suppress or prevent the development of epithelial malignancies. Natural compounds including flavonoids are able to reduce oxidative stress, which is the most likely mechanism mediating the protective effects against cancer development. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that flavonoids, such as (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallete (EGCG), quercetin, and curcumin, act by induction of apoptosis. Several natural compounds inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Certain natural products have been shown to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Akt signaling pathways, both of which are known to maintain a homeostatic balance between cell survival and apoptosis. Understanding the mechanism of these natural products will contribute to the development of more specific preventive strategies against cancer development. Here we focus on the ability of natural cancer chemopreventive agents to induce apoptosis, and attempt to provide evidence for the preventive and therapeutic effects of natural compounds, EGCG, quercetin, and curcumin, in a succinct manner highlightingκand Akt signaling pathways in vivo.展开更多
Drug-induced liver injury encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure; example of this scenery is hepatotoxicity caused by the first-line antituberculous drugs...Drug-induced liver injury encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure; example of this scenery is hepatotoxicity caused by the first-line antituberculous drugs isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide, which are basic for treatment of drug-sensible and drug-resistant tuberculosis. In the search for pharmacological alternatives to prevent liver damage, antitubercular drugs have been the subject of numerous studies and published reviews, a great majority of them carried out by Asian countries. At the same time, hepatoprotectors from plant source are now emerging as a possible alternative to counteract the toxic effects of these therapeutic agents. The present review aims to highlight the most recent studies on the subject, based information published in scientific databases such as Scopus and Pub Med.展开更多
基金supported by Shanghai Leading Talent Grants in Medicine(No.2019LG26)Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Content Construction Innovation Project(No.ZY3-CCCX-3-7001)Postdoctoral Funding of Shanghai Gongil Hospital(No.GLBH2017002).
文摘Objective: In this study we execute a rational screen to identify Chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), an ongoing novel coronavirus that causes pneumonia.Methods: There were two main steps in the screening process. In the first step we conducted a literature search for natural compounds that had been biologically confirmed as against sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Resulting compounds were cross-checked for listing in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database.Compounds meeting both requirements were subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion(ADME) evaluation to verify that oral administration would be effective. Next, a docking analysis was used to test whether the compound had the potential for direct 2019-nCoV protein interaction.In the second step we searched Chinese herbal databases to identify plants containing the selected compounds. Plants containing 2 or more of the compounds identified in our screen were then checked against the catalogue for classic herbal usage. Finally, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the general in vivo effects of each selected herb.Results: Of the natural compounds screened, 13 that exist in traditional Chinese medicines were also found to have potential anti-2019-nCoV activity. Further, 125 Chinese herbs were found to contain 2 or more of these 13 compounds. Of these 125 herbs, 26 are classically catalogued as treating viral respiratory infections. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the general in vivo roles of these26 herbal plants were related to regulating viral infection, immune/inflammation reactions and hypoxia response.Conclusion: Chinese herbal treatments classically used for treating viral respiratory infection might contain direct anti-2019-nCoV compounds.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573992
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts,adipocytes,or chondrocytes in vitro,and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo.The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage.Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases,including aging,osteoporosis,and insulin resistance.Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo.In this review,we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs,for instance,genistein,medicarpin,and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment;isorhamnetin,risedronate,and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis;and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination.We highlight the underlying mechanisms,including direct regulation,epigenetic modification,and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK,MAPK,Notch,PI3K/AKT,Hedgehog signaling pathways etc.and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials.The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation,adipose tissue homeostasis,and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81173485)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(14ZR1441300)
文摘Herbal medicines, including traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), have been used in Eastern countries for treating diseases such as cancer for thousands of years. With the growing knowledge of tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, some natural compounds have been developed as clinical anticancer drugs. In addition, many compounds and TCMs have been characterized as complementary and alternative treatments,with synergetic effects on enhancing the efficacy or reducing the side effects of the therapeutics. In this review, we summarized the recent studies focusing on the combination of natural compounds or TCM decoction with chemotherapeutics. The detailed mechanisms of action of the combinations and the application of analytical methods on TCM development are also discussed.
文摘As cell and tissue homeostasis are mediated by the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, controlling this balance is important for cancer chemoprevention. Cancer chemoprevention can be achieved by the use of natural, synthetic or biologic compounds that reverse, suppress or prevent the development of epithelial malignancies. Natural compounds including flavonoids are able to reduce oxidative stress, which is the most likely mechanism mediating the protective effects against cancer development. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that flavonoids, such as (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallete (EGCG), quercetin, and curcumin, act by induction of apoptosis. Several natural compounds inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Certain natural products have been shown to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Akt signaling pathways, both of which are known to maintain a homeostatic balance between cell survival and apoptosis. Understanding the mechanism of these natural products will contribute to the development of more specific preventive strategies against cancer development. Here we focus on the ability of natural cancer chemopreventive agents to induce apoptosis, and attempt to provide evidence for the preventive and therapeutic effects of natural compounds, EGCG, quercetin, and curcumin, in a succinct manner highlightingκand Akt signaling pathways in vivo.
基金Part of this manuscript was supported by Grant from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social,projects FIS/IMSS/PROT/G15/1414
文摘Drug-induced liver injury encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure; example of this scenery is hepatotoxicity caused by the first-line antituberculous drugs isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide, which are basic for treatment of drug-sensible and drug-resistant tuberculosis. In the search for pharmacological alternatives to prevent liver damage, antitubercular drugs have been the subject of numerous studies and published reviews, a great majority of them carried out by Asian countries. At the same time, hepatoprotectors from plant source are now emerging as a possible alternative to counteract the toxic effects of these therapeutic agents. The present review aims to highlight the most recent studies on the subject, based information published in scientific databases such as Scopus and Pub Med.
