Abstract: The ultrastructure of oogenesis in Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The nucleus in the young egg is rounded with an uneven outline. As it develops,...Abstract: The ultrastructure of oogenesis in Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The nucleus in the young egg is rounded with an uneven outline. As it develops, it becomes amoeboid and extends nuclear protrusions that are not only sac-like nuclear evaginations like those often seen in the oogenesis of other ferns, but also mushroom-like and finger-like, with an opening at their end allowing the nucleolus material to flow out from the openings. This has not been observed previously. The nuclear protrusions differ from Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. in the absence of sheets of nuclear membrane in the form of a closed ring. As the egg matures, the nucleus transforms into a tuber-like structure with a smooth surface, lying transversely in the egg cell. In the immature egg, vesicles almost encircle the nucleus twice and are most remarkable. In the maturing egg, the vesicles are distributed at the periphery, except for at the top of the egg, and affect the formation of the separation cavity and extra egg membrane. Simultaneously, vesicles from the venter canal cell move to the egg and take part in the formation of separation cavity and extra egg membrane. In the mature egg, a large number of small vesicles containing fragments of lamellae or osmiophilic material emerge from the cytoplasm. The origin of these vesicles is obscure. Irregular plastids containing a cylindrical starch grain dedifferentiated progressively. Mitochondria seem to have been undeveloped during the process, but return to normal at later stages of oogenesis. There is a high frequency of ribosomes in the mature egg. Microtubules, rarely seen in the eggs of D. filix-mas (L.) Schott. and Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, have been observed inside the plasmalemma of the maturing egg in D. crassirhizoma.展开更多
Objective: To research Angelica tenuissima Nakai(ATN) for use in novel Alzheimer’s disease(AD) therapeutics. Methods: The effect of a 30% ethanol extract of ATN(KH032) on AD-like cognitive impairment and neuropatholo...Objective: To research Angelica tenuissima Nakai(ATN) for use in novel Alzheimer’s disease(AD) therapeutics. Methods: The effect of a 30% ethanol extract of ATN(KH032) on AD-like cognitive impairment and neuropathological and neuroinflammatory changes induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of β-amyloid(Aβ) peptide(Aβ1-42) was investigated. Male C57 Bl/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, 10 in each group. KH032-treated groups were administrated with a low or high dose of KH032(50 and 200 mg/kg, respectively), intragastrically for 16 days; distilled water was applied in the sham and negative groups. Open field test, Y maze and Morris water maze test were used for behavior test and cognitive ability. In addition, the neuroprotective effects of KH032 in Aβ1-42-infused mice on the histopathological markers [neuronspecific nuclear protein(Neu N), Aβ1-42] of neurodegeneration were examined. The levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), Neu N, phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/ERK, brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), phosphorylation c AMP response element-binding(CREB)/CREB protein expression were measured by Western blot. Results: KH032 treatment ameliorated cognitive impairments, reduced the overexpression of Aβ1-42, and inhibited neuronal loss and neuroinflammatory response in the Aβ1-42-infused mice. Moreover, KH032 treatment enhanced BDNF expression levels in the hippocampus. Finally, KH032 treatment increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB, vital for ERK-CREB signaling. Conclusions: KH032 attenuated cognitive deficits in the Aβ1-42-infused mice by increasing BDNF expression and ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation and inhibiting neuronal loss and neuroinflammatory response, suggesting that KH032 has therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.展开更多
Obesity is associated with a number of metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes and has become a major health problem worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Epimedium koreanum Nakai(Her...Obesity is associated with a number of metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes and has become a major health problem worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Epimedium koreanum Nakai(Herba Epimedii, HE) and its main constituent icariin on the adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. HE extract and icariin significantly reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed the expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. They also inhibited fatty acid synthase(FAS), acyl-Co A synthase(ACS1), and perilipin. Moreover, HE extract and icariin markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK. These results indicated that HE extract and icariin can inhibit the adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of the adipogenic transcription factors, suggesting that HE containing icariin may be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and prevention of obesity.展开更多
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry（ESI-MS） was applied simultaneously in determining norditerpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum sinomantanum Nakai （RAS） based on molecular mass information. The tan...Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry（ESI-MS） was applied simultaneously in determining norditerpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum sinomantanum Nakai （RAS） based on molecular mass information. The tandem mass spectra（ ESI-MS^n） provided the alkaloidal structural information, through which the existence of these alkaloids was further confirmed. Accordingly, six known norditerpenoid alkaloids were simultaneously determined on the basis of their ESI-MS^n spectra. Furthermore, based on the diagnostic fragmentation pathways of alkaloidal MS^n, a rapid method for direct detection and characterization of alkaloids from an ethanolic extract of RAS was described.展开更多
The identification of self-incompatibility genotype （S-genotype） will be useful for selection of pollinizers and design of crossing in cultivar improvement of sand pear. This paper reported the identification of sel...The identification of self-incompatibility genotype （S-genotype） will be useful for selection of pollinizers and design of crossing in cultivar improvement of sand pear. This paper reported the identification of self-incompatibility genotypes of seven Chinese and two Japanese sand pear cultivars using PCR-RFLP analysis and S-RNase sequencing. The Sgenotypes of these cultivars were determined as follows： Huali 1 S1S3, Shounan S1S3, Xizilti S1S4, Qingxiang S3S7, Sanhua S2S7, Huangmi （Imamuranatsu） S1S6, Huali 2 S3S4, Baozhuli S7S33, Cangxixueli S5S15. S-RNase alleles （S1 to S9） in sand pear could be identified effectively by PCR-RFLP analysis.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of decursin and decursinol angelate-rich Angelica gigas Nakai(AGNE) on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced murine ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods: The therapeutic...Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of decursin and decursinol angelate-rich Angelica gigas Nakai(AGNE) on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced murine ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods: The therapeutic effect of an AGNE was analyzed in a mouse model of UC induced by DSS. Disease activity index values were measured by clinical signs such as a weight loss, stool consistency, rectal bleeding and colon length. A histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Key inflammatory cytokines and mediators including IL-6, TNF-a, PGE2, COX-2 and HIF-1 a were assayed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay or western blotting.Results: Treatment with the AGNE at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg alleviated weight loss,decreased disease activity index scores, and reduced colon shortening in mice with DSSinduced UC. AGNE inhibited the production of IL-6 and TNF-a in serum and colon tissue. Moreover, AGNE suppressed the increased expression of COX-2 and HIF-1 a and the increased production of PGE2 in colon tissue were observed in mice with DSSinduced UC. Additionally, histological damage was also alleviated by AGNE treatment.Conclusions: The findings of this study verified that AGNE significantly improves clinical symptoms and reduces the activity of various inflammatory mediators. These results indicate the AGNE has the therapeutic potential in mice with DSS-induced UC.展开更多
文摘Abstract: The ultrastructure of oogenesis in Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The nucleus in the young egg is rounded with an uneven outline. As it develops, it becomes amoeboid and extends nuclear protrusions that are not only sac-like nuclear evaginations like those often seen in the oogenesis of other ferns, but also mushroom-like and finger-like, with an opening at their end allowing the nucleolus material to flow out from the openings. This has not been observed previously. The nuclear protrusions differ from Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. in the absence of sheets of nuclear membrane in the form of a closed ring. As the egg matures, the nucleus transforms into a tuber-like structure with a smooth surface, lying transversely in the egg cell. In the immature egg, vesicles almost encircle the nucleus twice and are most remarkable. In the maturing egg, the vesicles are distributed at the periphery, except for at the top of the egg, and affect the formation of the separation cavity and extra egg membrane. Simultaneously, vesicles from the venter canal cell move to the egg and take part in the formation of separation cavity and extra egg membrane. In the mature egg, a large number of small vesicles containing fragments of lamellae or osmiophilic material emerge from the cytoplasm. The origin of these vesicles is obscure. Irregular plastids containing a cylindrical starch grain dedifferentiated progressively. Mitochondria seem to have been undeveloped during the process, but return to normal at later stages of oogenesis. There is a high frequency of ribosomes in the mature egg. Microtubules, rarely seen in the eggs of D. filix-mas (L.) Schott. and Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, have been observed inside the plasmalemma of the maturing egg in D. crassirhizoma.
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning(No.NRF-2013R1A1A1063477)
文摘Objective: To research Angelica tenuissima Nakai(ATN) for use in novel Alzheimer’s disease(AD) therapeutics. Methods: The effect of a 30% ethanol extract of ATN(KH032) on AD-like cognitive impairment and neuropathological and neuroinflammatory changes induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of β-amyloid(Aβ) peptide(Aβ1-42) was investigated. Male C57 Bl/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, 10 in each group. KH032-treated groups were administrated with a low or high dose of KH032(50 and 200 mg/kg, respectively), intragastrically for 16 days; distilled water was applied in the sham and negative groups. Open field test, Y maze and Morris water maze test were used for behavior test and cognitive ability. In addition, the neuroprotective effects of KH032 in Aβ1-42-infused mice on the histopathological markers [neuronspecific nuclear protein(Neu N), Aβ1-42] of neurodegeneration were examined. The levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), Neu N, phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/ERK, brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), phosphorylation c AMP response element-binding(CREB)/CREB protein expression were measured by Western blot. Results: KH032 treatment ameliorated cognitive impairments, reduced the overexpression of Aβ1-42, and inhibited neuronal loss and neuroinflammatory response in the Aβ1-42-infused mice. Moreover, KH032 treatment enhanced BDNF expression levels in the hippocampus. Finally, KH032 treatment increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB, vital for ERK-CREB signaling. Conclusions: KH032 attenuated cognitive deficits in the Aβ1-42-infused mice by increasing BDNF expression and ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation and inhibiting neuronal loss and neuroinflammatory response, suggesting that KH032 has therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,&Future Planning(No.2014R1A1A1003758)
文摘Obesity is associated with a number of metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes and has become a major health problem worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Epimedium koreanum Nakai(Herba Epimedii, HE) and its main constituent icariin on the adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. HE extract and icariin significantly reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed the expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. They also inhibited fatty acid synthase(FAS), acyl-Co A synthase(ACS1), and perilipin. Moreover, HE extract and icariin markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK. These results indicated that HE extract and icariin can inhibit the adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of the adipogenic transcription factors, suggesting that HE containing icariin may be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and prevention of obesity.
文摘Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry（ESI-MS） was applied simultaneously in determining norditerpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum sinomantanum Nakai （RAS） based on molecular mass information. The tandem mass spectra（ ESI-MS^n） provided the alkaloidal structural information, through which the existence of these alkaloids was further confirmed. Accordingly, six known norditerpenoid alkaloids were simultaneously determined on the basis of their ESI-MS^n spectra. Furthermore, based on the diagnostic fragmentation pathways of alkaloidal MS^n, a rapid method for direct detection and characterization of alkaloids from an ethanolic extract of RAS was described.
基金supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of JiangxiAgricultural University, China (1878).
文摘The identification of self-incompatibility genotype （S-genotype） will be useful for selection of pollinizers and design of crossing in cultivar improvement of sand pear. This paper reported the identification of self-incompatibility genotypes of seven Chinese and two Japanese sand pear cultivars using PCR-RFLP analysis and S-RNase sequencing. The Sgenotypes of these cultivars were determined as follows： Huali 1 S1S3, Shounan S1S3, Xizilti S1S4, Qingxiang S3S7, Sanhua S2S7, Huangmi （Imamuranatsu） S1S6, Huali 2 S3S4, Baozhuli S7S33, Cangxixueli S5S15. S-RNase alleles （S1 to S9） in sand pear could be identified effectively by PCR-RFLP analysis.
基金financially supported by“Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science&Technology Development(Project No.PJ01133601)”Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea and supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund
文摘Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of decursin and decursinol angelate-rich Angelica gigas Nakai(AGNE) on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced murine ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods: The therapeutic effect of an AGNE was analyzed in a mouse model of UC induced by DSS. Disease activity index values were measured by clinical signs such as a weight loss, stool consistency, rectal bleeding and colon length. A histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Key inflammatory cytokines and mediators including IL-6, TNF-a, PGE2, COX-2 and HIF-1 a were assayed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay or western blotting.Results: Treatment with the AGNE at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg alleviated weight loss,decreased disease activity index scores, and reduced colon shortening in mice with DSSinduced UC. AGNE inhibited the production of IL-6 and TNF-a in serum and colon tissue. Moreover, AGNE suppressed the increased expression of COX-2 and HIF-1 a and the increased production of PGE2 in colon tissue were observed in mice with DSSinduced UC. Additionally, histological damage was also alleviated by AGNE treatment.Conclusions: The findings of this study verified that AGNE significantly improves clinical symptoms and reduces the activity of various inflammatory mediators. These results indicate the AGNE has the therapeutic potential in mice with DSS-induced UC.
