NaClO4 aerosol particles with diameter of 5―20 microns are deposited on the ZnSe substrate. An FTIR-ATR chamber on the ZnSe substrate is set up to ob-serve the structural changes of NaClO4 aerosol particles at crysta...NaClO4 aerosol particles with diameter of 5―20 microns are deposited on the ZnSe substrate. An FTIR-ATR chamber on the ZnSe substrate is set up to ob-serve the structural changes of NaClO4 aerosol particles at crystallization relative humidity (CRH) and deliquescence relative humidity (DRH). With the decrease of RH (relative humidity) from 96% to 24% in the efflorescence process, the absorbance of O-H stretching band of the aerosol solutions continuously decreases. A sudden decrease of the water peak is observed at RH20%, where solid particles form. Very small amount of residual interfacial water, with two weak peaks at 3602 and 3533 cm-1, can still be resolved in the FTIR-ATR spectra of the solid particles. In the deliquescence process of the same sample, little spectral changes are ob-served when the value of RH varies from 5% to 29%. Before the abrupt increase of the O-H stretching band at the DRH of about RH46%, a pre-deliquescence process is observed, i.e. in the RH range between 33% and 46%, there is really a slow absorbance increase for the peak area of O-H stretching band. The O-H stretching band shows an arciform O-H en-velope, totally different from not only the FTIR-ATR spectra of ClO4? solutions either under supersaturated state or in diluted state, but also the characteristic of the residually in-terfacial water discussed in the efflorescence process. Such kind of water is considered as pure water, indicating that small amount of water aggregates in the microspaces of solid aerosol particles due to the capillary cohesion effect. When the RH arrives at RH44%, two weak shoulders at 3384 and 3260 cm?1 can be resolved, and the solid NaClO4 particles begin to be dissolved by increasing capillary cohesion water. The spectral characteristic of the ν3-ClO4? band also shows the transition from solid particles to mainly solvated ClO4? ions.展开更多
A composite-liquid absorbent(CLA),NaClO/KMnO4,for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification(SDD)was studied in a homemade bubbling reactor.The experimental results showed that the CLA configured by sodium hypoc...A composite-liquid absorbent(CLA),NaClO/KMnO4,for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification(SDD)was studied in a homemade bubbling reactor.The experimental results showed that the CLA configured by sodium hypochlorite(NaClO)and potassium permanganate(KMnO4)had a very good synergistic effect on SDD.The effects of NaClO concentration(CNa),KMnO4 concentration(CK),gas space velocity(Vg),initial p H value,and temperature of the absorption liquid(Ts)on efficiencies of the SDD were investigated.Under the optimal reaction conditions,the best removal efficiencies were 100%for sulfur dioxide(SO2)and above 94%for nitric oxide(NO).The ion chromatography and titration were used to analyze the changes of both the ion species and concentrations in the liquid before and after the reaction.According to the experiment results and related literature,the reaction mechanism of the SDD based on the CLA was proposed.展开更多
The stability constants of complex anion In(tiron)^-in mixed solvents of ethanol-water with weight percentages of ethanol being 0,5,15,25,35 and 50 have been measured spectrophotometrically at 293 K,using NaClO_4 as s...The stability constants of complex anion In(tiron)^-in mixed solvents of ethanol-water with weight percentages of ethanol being 0,5,15,25,35 and 50 have been measured spectrophotometrically at 293 K,using NaClO_4 as supporting electrolyte with ionic strength ranging from 0.1 to 3.3mol·dm^(-3). The thermodynamic stability constants of In(tiron)^-in various mixed solvents have been obtained by a polynomial approximation equation based on Pitzer's theory.As a comparison,the traditional Debye-Hückel equation has also been used to treat the same data.The results show that this polynomial approximate method is obviously superior to the old one.It was discovered that there is a linear rela- tion between the thermodynamic stability constants of In(tiron)^-and the mole fraction of organic component in mixed solvents or the reciprocal of dielectric constants of mixed solvents.The medium effect and the standard free energy of transfer,ΔG_(tr)~0,for the coordination reaction:In^(3+)+tiron^(4-)= In(tiron)^-,have also been discussed.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos．20073004 and 20473012)the Trans—Century Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education．
文摘NaClO4 aerosol particles with diameter of 5―20 microns are deposited on the ZnSe substrate. An FTIR-ATR chamber on the ZnSe substrate is set up to ob-serve the structural changes of NaClO4 aerosol particles at crystallization relative humidity (CRH) and deliquescence relative humidity (DRH). With the decrease of RH (relative humidity) from 96% to 24% in the efflorescence process, the absorbance of O-H stretching band of the aerosol solutions continuously decreases. A sudden decrease of the water peak is observed at RH20%, where solid particles form. Very small amount of residual interfacial water, with two weak peaks at 3602 and 3533 cm-1, can still be resolved in the FTIR-ATR spectra of the solid particles. In the deliquescence process of the same sample, little spectral changes are ob-served when the value of RH varies from 5% to 29%. Before the abrupt increase of the O-H stretching band at the DRH of about RH46%, a pre-deliquescence process is observed, i.e. in the RH range between 33% and 46%, there is really a slow absorbance increase for the peak area of O-H stretching band. The O-H stretching band shows an arciform O-H en-velope, totally different from not only the FTIR-ATR spectra of ClO4? solutions either under supersaturated state or in diluted state, but also the characteristic of the residually in-terfacial water discussed in the efflorescence process. Such kind of water is considered as pure water, indicating that small amount of water aggregates in the microspaces of solid aerosol particles due to the capillary cohesion effect. When the RH arrives at RH44%, two weak shoulders at 3384 and 3260 cm?1 can be resolved, and the solid NaClO4 particles begin to be dissolved by increasing capillary cohesion water. The spectral characteristic of the ν3-ClO4? band also shows the transition from solid particles to mainly solvated ClO4? ions.
文摘A composite-liquid absorbent(CLA),NaClO/KMnO4,for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification(SDD)was studied in a homemade bubbling reactor.The experimental results showed that the CLA configured by sodium hypochlorite(NaClO)and potassium permanganate(KMnO4)had a very good synergistic effect on SDD.The effects of NaClO concentration(CNa),KMnO4 concentration(CK),gas space velocity(Vg),initial p H value,and temperature of the absorption liquid(Ts)on efficiencies of the SDD were investigated.Under the optimal reaction conditions,the best removal efficiencies were 100%for sulfur dioxide(SO2)and above 94%for nitric oxide(NO).The ion chromatography and titration were used to analyze the changes of both the ion species and concentrations in the liquid before and after the reaction.According to the experiment results and related literature,the reaction mechanism of the SDD based on the CLA was proposed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The stability constants of complex anion In(tiron)^-in mixed solvents of ethanol-water with weight percentages of ethanol being 0,5,15,25,35 and 50 have been measured spectrophotometrically at 293 K,using NaClO_4 as supporting electrolyte with ionic strength ranging from 0.1 to 3.3mol·dm^(-3). The thermodynamic stability constants of In(tiron)^-in various mixed solvents have been obtained by a polynomial approximation equation based on Pitzer's theory.As a comparison,the traditional Debye-Hückel equation has also been used to treat the same data.The results show that this polynomial approximate method is obviously superior to the old one.It was discovered that there is a linear rela- tion between the thermodynamic stability constants of In(tiron)^-and the mole fraction of organic component in mixed solvents or the reciprocal of dielectric constants of mixed solvents.The medium effect and the standard free energy of transfer,ΔG_(tr)~0,for the coordination reaction:In^(3+)+tiron^(4-)= In(tiron)^-,have also been discussed.
