This paper provides an outline of Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography in China, which is based on rich data obtained from recent researches. Cretaceous deposits are widespread in China. Most strata are of nonma...This paper provides an outline of Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography in China, which is based on rich data obtained from recent researches. Cretaceous deposits are widespread in China. Most strata are of nonmarine origin and marine sediments occur only in Tibet, western Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, Taiwan and limited localities of eastern Heilongjiang. AH deposits are rich in fossils and well-constrained biostratigraphically. The stratigraphic successions of different regions are illustrated, and general stratigraphic division and correlation have been introduced. The marine deposits are described in the Tibetan Tethys, Kashi-Hotan Region of Xinjiang, eastern Heilongjiang, western Yunnan and Taiwan; the nonmarine deposits are outlined from northeast China, southeast China, southern interior China, southwest China, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, and northwestern China intermontane basins. The sedimentary facies and paleogeography are diversified. In Tibet the basin evolution is largely related to the subduction and collision of the Indian Plate against the Eurasian Continent, and shows a tectonic evolution in the Cretaceous. Foraminifera are a dominant biota in the Tibet Tethys. Nonmarine sediments include variegated and red beds, coal- or salt-bearing horizons, and volcanic rocks. These deposits contain diverse and abundant continental faunas and floras, as well as important coal and oil resources. The Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography in China have presented a foundation for geological studies.展开更多
Abundant ichthyoid remains, conodonts and holothurians sclerites were recovered near the Permian/Triassic boundary from a section south of Isfahan. Recovered ichthyoid remains include shark micro teeth and scales. The...Abundant ichthyoid remains, conodonts and holothurians sclerites were recovered near the Permian/Triassic boundary from a section south of Isfahan. Recovered ichthyoid remains include shark micro teeth and scales. The ichthyolith material is similar to a Fasanian ichthyolith from the Zakazane area in the Slovak karst of the Western Carpathians, which represents a subspecies of Acodina triassica . Conodont species are mostly neogondolellids. This fauna indicates that the sedimentary environment was marine, while to the north of localities near Isfahan and Zagross, terrestrial deposition was dominant at that time. Aluminasilicate and kaolin are present in a continental unit in Dopolan refractory main (Shahid Nilchian mine) and a section south of Chahriseh Village, north of Isfahan. Pisolitie, ironstone facies and bauxite clay are common near the Permian/Triassic boundary in the Chahriseh region.展开更多
The Yuchon Group in the Late Cretaceous of Haenam and Mokpo area on the southwest coast of Korea peninsula can be divided into two Formations: (1) the intermediate volcanic Formation (Hwawon Formation), about 500m thi...The Yuchon Group in the Late Cretaceous of Haenam and Mokpo area on the southwest coast of Korea peninsula can be divided into two Formations: (1) the intermediate volcanic Formation (Hwawon Formation), about 500m thick, (2 ) the acidic volcanic Formation (Hwangsan Formation), about 400m thick in ascending order The former comprises intermediate volcaniclastics interlayered with volcanic rocks, and red mudrock and tuffaceous sandstone indicating fluvial deposits. The latter is subdivided into the upper part (Hwangsan Tuff Member) consisting of subaerial pyroclastics and intercalated rhyolites, and the lower part (Byeongonri Member) including subaqueous volcaniclastics, lake deltaic sandstone and gravelstone, lacustrine black shale and limestone and chert, and lake turbidite sandstone. The Late Cretaceous basin including Haenam subbasin in southwest Korea was largely formed of extensional nonmarine depressions (volcano - tectonic) bounded by NE - SW sinistral fault system. The thermal maturation based on geochemical and mineralogical studies for the black shales and tuffaceous sandstones reached the late stage of oil generation zone or gas generation stage. It seems that black shales and limestones are fairly good as source rock. The porosity of potential reservoir sandstone and tuff ranges from 5 % to 11 %, but their permeability except the fractured rocks is very low (< 1md) because of fine pore throats reduced by diagenetic cementation of tuffaceous sandstones. Numerous potential traps might have been formed by the later folding and faulting along with lateral factes change and abundant mudrocks and volcaniclastics should make excellent seals.展开更多
The basic concepts of sequence stratigraphy can be applied to any cyclic successions regardless of their origin being marias or nonmarine .The storm base can be taken as the base level at the gentle slope side of a f...The basic concepts of sequence stratigraphy can be applied to any cyclic successions regardless of their origin being marias or nonmarine .The storm base can be taken as the base level at the gentle slope side of a faulted basin for distinguishing the systems tractS as no shelf edge is present in nonmarihe fault6d basins. Most of coatinuous rethetions with high amplitude in seismic sections, misunderstood previously as the boundaries of stratigraphic unit, are maximum flooding surface (MFS)in fact. Abundant and diversified microfossils and nannofossils high content of organic carbon,various authigenic minerals such as glauconie,siderite are concentrated nearby these surfaces. It means that the open sea water invaded iato the faulted basins many times in Cretaceous and Paleogene, which make a restricted environment favourable for oil generation. The trend of lake level changes is similar to that of Haq's curve generally, however, the influence of local movements and autostrahgraphic events have to be colandered. The stratal patterns and models of nonmarine sequence are proposed.展开更多
The Sinuiju Formation in Paekto-dong,Sinuiju City in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has yielded Mesozoic nonmarine bivalve fossils,which is the first occurrence of such in the DPRK.Based on these fossil...The Sinuiju Formation in Paekto-dong,Sinuiju City in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has yielded Mesozoic nonmarine bivalve fossils,which is the first occurrence of such in the DPRK.Based on these fossil specimens,a new Cretaceous bivalve assemblage,the Arguniella yanshanensis-Sphaerium anderssoni Assemblage is erected.This assemblage includes Arguniella yanshanensis,A.lingyuanensis and Sphaerium anderssoni and can be compared with the Jehol Biota.The age of the Sinuiju Formation is also clarified and on the basis of the bivalves and the presence of a Eosestheria–Ephemeropsis–Lycoptera(E–E–L)assemblage,the formation is not Upper Jurassic,but Lower Cretaceous in age.展开更多
The spatial-temporal development of Cenozoic reactivation along Mesozoic suture zones in the Tibetan Plateau are first-order parameters needed for assessing models of plateau growth.The Ganzi-Litang suture,in the east...The spatial-temporal development of Cenozoic reactivation along Mesozoic suture zones in the Tibetan Plateau are first-order parameters needed for assessing models of plateau growth.The Ganzi-Litang suture,in the eastern Tibetan Plateau,developed in the Late Triassic because of subduction and closure along the eastern branch of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.Near the city of Litang,the Ganzi-Litang suture is defined by a melange sequence with faultbound,synorogenic nonmarine strata along the western and eastern flanks,suggesting post-Triassic structural reactivation.We present detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and field data to determine the timing and style of reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture,as well as sedimentary provenance of nonmarine strata.A reverse fault placing melange rock on top of nonmarine strata along the eastern flank of the Ganzi-Litang suture indicates a contractional deformational regime during reactivation.Conglomerate clast counts indicate a local sediment source of recycled Ganzi-Litang suture and Yidun terrane rock.Detrital zircons indicate a localized provenance consisting of recycled material from Triassic Yidun Arc plutons and Triassic Yidun Group turbidite rock.A weighted mean average of Cenozoic zircon grains(n=10) establishes a maximum depositional age of41.5 ± 1.2 Ma for nonmarine strata in the Ganzi-Litang suture.We interpret the maximum depositional age of the nonmarine strata to represent the upper-limit for structural reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture while undeformed Neogene strata in the suture zone represent the lower-limit;thereby bracketing structural reactivation from ca.42-25 Ma.Our results provide enhanced spatial-temporal resolution for Cenozoic deformation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Vlakomia隶属于Cytheroidea超科Limnocytheridae科Limnocytherinae亚科,是亚洲东部地区早白垩世“Purbeck-Wealden型”介形类动物群的重要组成分子,广泛分布于我国及蒙古国早白垩世Barremian–Albian的含油气沉积盆地中。本文对Vlakomi...Vlakomia隶属于Cytheroidea超科Limnocytheridae科Limnocytherinae亚科,是亚洲东部地区早白垩世“Purbeck-Wealden型”介形类动物群的重要组成分子,广泛分布于我国及蒙古国早白垩世Barremian–Albian的含油气沉积盆地中。本文对Vlakomia属进行了全面的修订及厘定;据本次研究, Paralimnocythere是Vlakomia的同物异名, Vlakomia属目前包含9个有效种:Vlakomia ustinovskii, V. jilinensis, V. tumula, V. impolita, V. daerqiensis, V.quadrispinata, V. ulanense, V. mira和?V. temperata。Vlakomia是白垩纪陆相咸水介形类的代表分子,并且它还在油气勘探方面存在一定的指示意义。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2006CB701400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40672020 and 40472011)the Beijing City Key Lab.of Resources,Environment and GIS.
文摘This paper provides an outline of Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography in China, which is based on rich data obtained from recent researches. Cretaceous deposits are widespread in China. Most strata are of nonmarine origin and marine sediments occur only in Tibet, western Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, Taiwan and limited localities of eastern Heilongjiang. AH deposits are rich in fossils and well-constrained biostratigraphically. The stratigraphic successions of different regions are illustrated, and general stratigraphic division and correlation have been introduced. The marine deposits are described in the Tibetan Tethys, Kashi-Hotan Region of Xinjiang, eastern Heilongjiang, western Yunnan and Taiwan; the nonmarine deposits are outlined from northeast China, southeast China, southern interior China, southwest China, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, and northwestern China intermontane basins. The sedimentary facies and paleogeography are diversified. In Tibet the basin evolution is largely related to the subduction and collision of the Indian Plate against the Eurasian Continent, and shows a tectonic evolution in the Cretaceous. Foraminifera are a dominant biota in the Tibet Tethys. Nonmarine sediments include variegated and red beds, coal- or salt-bearing horizons, and volcanic rocks. These deposits contain diverse and abundant continental faunas and floras, as well as important coal and oil resources. The Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography in China have presented a foundation for geological studies.
文摘Abundant ichthyoid remains, conodonts and holothurians sclerites were recovered near the Permian/Triassic boundary from a section south of Isfahan. Recovered ichthyoid remains include shark micro teeth and scales. The ichthyolith material is similar to a Fasanian ichthyolith from the Zakazane area in the Slovak karst of the Western Carpathians, which represents a subspecies of Acodina triassica . Conodont species are mostly neogondolellids. This fauna indicates that the sedimentary environment was marine, while to the north of localities near Isfahan and Zagross, terrestrial deposition was dominant at that time. Aluminasilicate and kaolin are present in a continental unit in Dopolan refractory main (Shahid Nilchian mine) and a section south of Chahriseh Village, north of Isfahan. Pisolitie, ironstone facies and bauxite clay are common near the Permian/Triassic boundary in the Chahriseh region.
文摘The Yuchon Group in the Late Cretaceous of Haenam and Mokpo area on the southwest coast of Korea peninsula can be divided into two Formations: (1) the intermediate volcanic Formation (Hwawon Formation), about 500m thick, (2 ) the acidic volcanic Formation (Hwangsan Formation), about 400m thick in ascending order The former comprises intermediate volcaniclastics interlayered with volcanic rocks, and red mudrock and tuffaceous sandstone indicating fluvial deposits. The latter is subdivided into the upper part (Hwangsan Tuff Member) consisting of subaerial pyroclastics and intercalated rhyolites, and the lower part (Byeongonri Member) including subaqueous volcaniclastics, lake deltaic sandstone and gravelstone, lacustrine black shale and limestone and chert, and lake turbidite sandstone. The Late Cretaceous basin including Haenam subbasin in southwest Korea was largely formed of extensional nonmarine depressions (volcano - tectonic) bounded by NE - SW sinistral fault system. The thermal maturation based on geochemical and mineralogical studies for the black shales and tuffaceous sandstones reached the late stage of oil generation zone or gas generation stage. It seems that black shales and limestones are fairly good as source rock. The porosity of potential reservoir sandstone and tuff ranges from 5 % to 11 %, but their permeability except the fractured rocks is very low (< 1md) because of fine pore throats reduced by diagenetic cementation of tuffaceous sandstones. Numerous potential traps might have been formed by the later folding and faulting along with lateral factes change and abundant mudrocks and volcaniclastics should make excellent seals.
文摘The basic concepts of sequence stratigraphy can be applied to any cyclic successions regardless of their origin being marias or nonmarine .The storm base can be taken as the base level at the gentle slope side of a faulted basin for distinguishing the systems tractS as no shelf edge is present in nonmarihe fault6d basins. Most of coatinuous rethetions with high amplitude in seismic sections, misunderstood previously as the boundaries of stratigraphic unit, are maximum flooding surface (MFS)in fact. Abundant and diversified microfossils and nannofossils high content of organic carbon,various authigenic minerals such as glauconie,siderite are concentrated nearby these surfaces. It means that the open sea water invaded iato the faulted basins many times in Cretaceous and Paleogene, which make a restricted environment favourable for oil generation. The trend of lake level changes is similar to that of Haq's curve generally, however, the influence of local movements and autostrahgraphic events have to be colandered. The stratal patterns and models of nonmarine sequence are proposed.
文摘The Sinuiju Formation in Paekto-dong,Sinuiju City in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has yielded Mesozoic nonmarine bivalve fossils,which is the first occurrence of such in the DPRK.Based on these fossil specimens,a new Cretaceous bivalve assemblage,the Arguniella yanshanensis-Sphaerium anderssoni Assemblage is erected.This assemblage includes Arguniella yanshanensis,A.lingyuanensis and Sphaerium anderssoni and can be compared with the Jehol Biota.The age of the Sinuiju Formation is also clarified and on the basis of the bivalves and the presence of a Eosestheria–Ephemeropsis–Lycoptera(E–E–L)assemblage,the formation is not Upper Jurassic,but Lower Cretaceous in age.
基金supported by U.S.National Science Foundation grants EAR-1119266(Robinson)and EAR-1119219(Weislogel)。
文摘The spatial-temporal development of Cenozoic reactivation along Mesozoic suture zones in the Tibetan Plateau are first-order parameters needed for assessing models of plateau growth.The Ganzi-Litang suture,in the eastern Tibetan Plateau,developed in the Late Triassic because of subduction and closure along the eastern branch of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.Near the city of Litang,the Ganzi-Litang suture is defined by a melange sequence with faultbound,synorogenic nonmarine strata along the western and eastern flanks,suggesting post-Triassic structural reactivation.We present detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and field data to determine the timing and style of reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture,as well as sedimentary provenance of nonmarine strata.A reverse fault placing melange rock on top of nonmarine strata along the eastern flank of the Ganzi-Litang suture indicates a contractional deformational regime during reactivation.Conglomerate clast counts indicate a local sediment source of recycled Ganzi-Litang suture and Yidun terrane rock.Detrital zircons indicate a localized provenance consisting of recycled material from Triassic Yidun Arc plutons and Triassic Yidun Group turbidite rock.A weighted mean average of Cenozoic zircon grains(n=10) establishes a maximum depositional age of41.5 ± 1.2 Ma for nonmarine strata in the Ganzi-Litang suture.We interpret the maximum depositional age of the nonmarine strata to represent the upper-limit for structural reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture while undeformed Neogene strata in the suture zone represent the lower-limit;thereby bracketing structural reactivation from ca.42-25 Ma.Our results provide enhanced spatial-temporal resolution for Cenozoic deformation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
文摘Vlakomia隶属于Cytheroidea超科Limnocytheridae科Limnocytherinae亚科,是亚洲东部地区早白垩世“Purbeck-Wealden型”介形类动物群的重要组成分子,广泛分布于我国及蒙古国早白垩世Barremian–Albian的含油气沉积盆地中。本文对Vlakomia属进行了全面的修订及厘定;据本次研究, Paralimnocythere是Vlakomia的同物异名, Vlakomia属目前包含9个有效种:Vlakomia ustinovskii, V. jilinensis, V. tumula, V. impolita, V. daerqiensis, V.quadrispinata, V. ulanense, V. mira和?V. temperata。Vlakomia是白垩纪陆相咸水介形类的代表分子,并且它还在油气勘探方面存在一定的指示意义。
