Inflammasomes are multiprotein intracellular complexes which are responsible for the activation of inflammatory responses. Among various subtypes of inflammasomes, NLRP3 has been a subject of intensive investigation. ...Inflammasomes are multiprotein intracellular complexes which are responsible for the activation of inflammatory responses. Among various subtypes of inflammasomes, NLRP3 has been a subject of intensive investigation. NLRP3 is considered to be a sensor of microbial and other danger signals and plays a crucial role in mucosal immune responses, promoting the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and IL-18. NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD). The role of NLRP3 in IBD is not yet fully elucidated as it seems to demonstrate both pathogenic and protective effects. Studies have shown a relationship between genetic variants and mutations in NLRP3 gene with IBD pathogenesis. A complex interaction between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the mucosal immune response has been reported. Activation of the inflammasome is a key function mediated by the innate immune response and in parallel the signaling through IL-1β and IL-18 is implicated in adaptive immunity. Further research is needed to delineate the precise mechanisms of NLRP3 function in regulating immune responses. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream signaling will provide new insights into the development of future therapeutic strategies.展开更多
炎症小体是一种由Nod样受体(NLR)家族成员与PYHIN(pyrin and HIN domain)家族成员组成的胞浆多蛋白复合物,能被多种病原相关分子模式或损伤相关分子模式激活。炎症小体的功能是激活半胱天冬酶1(Caspase-1),进而引起促炎细胞因子白细胞介...炎症小体是一种由Nod样受体(NLR)家族成员与PYHIN(pyrin and HIN domain)家族成员组成的胞浆多蛋白复合物,能被多种病原相关分子模式或损伤相关分子模式激活。炎症小体的功能是激活半胱天冬酶1(Caspase-1),进而引起促炎细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-18的成熟和分泌,并诱导细胞焦亡。NLR家族蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体是由NLRP3、接头蛋白ASC和效应蛋白Caspase-1组成的大分子多蛋白复合体。与其他炎症小体不同,NLRP3炎症小体可以被多种刺激物活化,包括微生物组分和内源性分子。NLRP3炎症小体在免疫系统和人类疾病中的重要性显而易见,但其激活及调节的机制仍不清楚。在此,主要对NLRP3炎症小体活化和调节的机制进行综述。展开更多
目的检测NLRP3炎性小体及其下游炎性因子IL-1β/IL-18在类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者滑膜被覆细胞及滑膜间质中的表达及分布情况,探讨NLRP3炎症复合体在RA免疫调节中的作用机制。方法采用免疫组化EnVision法检测30例RA...目的检测NLRP3炎性小体及其下游炎性因子IL-1β/IL-18在类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者滑膜被覆细胞及滑膜间质中的表达及分布情况,探讨NLRP3炎症复合体在RA免疫调节中的作用机制。方法采用免疫组化EnVision法检测30例RA、10例骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)患者滑膜被覆细胞及滑膜间质中NLRP3、Caspase-1及其下游炎性因子IL-1β及IL-18的表达。采用Spearman秩相关分析RA患者滑膜组织中NLRP3炎性小体及其下游炎性因子IL-1β/IL-18的表达水平与RA临床和实验室参数的相关性。结果 NLRP3在RA、OA组中的阳性率分别为100.00%和70.00%,Caspase-1在RA、OA组中的阳性率分别为100.00%和50.00%,IL-1β在RA、OA组中的阳性率分别为100.00%和60.00%,IL-18在RA、OA组中的阳性率分别为86.67%和0,NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β及IL-18在RA和OA组间差异均有统计学意义( P <0.05)。IL-1β与RF表达呈显著正相关( P <0.05);NLRP3与CRP、RF、Caspase-1及IL-1β表达均呈显著正相关( P <0.05),而与IL-18表达无相关性( P >0.05)。结论 NLRP3/Caspase-1信号通路因子在RA的发病过程中起重要作用,且与疾病的活动性密切相关。IL-1β的分泌主要是由Caspase-1介导产生,提示抑制NLRP3或Caspase-1可有效下调IL-1β的表达,可能是RA潜在的治疗靶点,具有重要的临床指导意义。展开更多
目的研究NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性小体及其下游炎症因子在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者和健康人之间表达的差异,揭示NLRP3炎性小体在慢阻肺发病机制中的可能作用。方法选取2016年11月至2017年5月住院的40例慢阻...目的研究NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性小体及其下游炎症因子在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者和健康人之间表达的差异,揭示NLRP3炎性小体在慢阻肺发病机制中的可能作用。方法选取2016年11月至2017年5月住院的40例慢阻肺患者纳入急性加重期组,其经过治疗进入稳定期后纳入稳定期组,选取40例健康体检者纳入对照组。采集各组一般资料和外周血,荧光定量PCR法测定外周血单个核细胞中NLRP3 m RNA水平,酶联免疫法检测血浆白细胞介素-18(IL-18)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平。结果急性加重期组慢阻肺患者的NLRP3 m RNA、IL-18和IL-1β水平显著高于稳定期组[2.11±0.77,12.79(7.10,43.13)pg/ml,17.02(8.36,52.21)pg/ml比1.60±0.44,10.66(6.32,18.59)pg/ml,13.34(7.07,16.89)pg/ml,P<0.05]。急性加重期组慢阻肺患者的NLRP3 m RNA、IL-18和IL-1β水平显著高于对照组[2.11±0.77,12.79(7.10,43.13)pg/ml,17.02(8.36,52.21)pg/ml比1.00±0.49,6.29(4.73,7.93)pg/ml,5.93(4.81,9.67)pg/ml,P<0.05]。稳定期组慢阻肺患者的NLRP3 m RNA、IL-18和IL-1β水平显著高于对照组[1.60±0.44,10.66(6.32,18.59)pg/ml,13.34(7.07,16.89)pg/ml比1.00±0.49,6.29(4.73,7.93)pg/ml,5.93(4.81,9.67)pg/ml,P<0.05]。急性加重期组血浆IL-18水平和白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比呈正相关(r=0.372,P<0.05;r=0.386,P<0.05);急性加重期组NLRP3 m RNA表达量和稳定期组NLRP3 m RNA表达量均与CAT评分正相关(r=0.387,P<0.05;r=0.399,P<0.05)。结论 NLRP3炎性小体参与慢阻肺患者的机体炎症反应。展开更多
Acacetin(5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone), a potential neuroprotective agent, has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory reactions. However, whether acacetin has an effect on inflammator...Acacetin(5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone), a potential neuroprotective agent, has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory reactions. However, whether acacetin has an effect on inflammatory corpuscle 3(NLRP3) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been fully determined. This study used an improved suture method to establish a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in C57BL/6 mice. After ischemia with middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour, reperfusion with intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg of acacetin(acacetin group) or an equal volume of saline(0.1 mL/10 g, middle cerebral artery occlusion group) was used to investigate the effect of acacetin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Infarct volume and neurological function scores were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and the Zea-Longa scoring method. Compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group, neurological function scores and cerebral infarction volumes were significantly reduced in the acacetin group. To understand the effect of acacetin on microglia-mediated inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, immunohistochemistry for the microglia marker calcium adapter protein ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1) was examined in the hippocampus of ischemic brain tissue. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 expression in ischemic brain tissue of mice was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of Iba1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 was significantly lower in the acacetin group compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group. Western blot assay results showed that expression of Toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa B, NLRP3, procaspase-1, caspase-1, pro-interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1β were significantly lower in the acacetin group compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group. Our findings indicate that acacetin has a protectiv展开更多
Traumatic brain injury induces potent inflammatory responses that can exacerbate secondary blood-brain barrier（BBB） disruption, neuronal injury, and neurological dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine is a novel α2-adrenergi...Traumatic brain injury induces potent inflammatory responses that can exacerbate secondary blood-brain barrier（BBB） disruption, neuronal injury, and neurological dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine is a novel α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that exert protective effects in various central nervous system diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective action of dexmedetomidine in a mouse traumatic brain injury model, and to explore the possible mechanisms. Adult male C57 BL/6 J mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact. After injury, animals received 3 days of consecutive dexmedetomidine therapy（25 μg/kg per day）. The modified neurological severity score was used to assess neurological deficits. The rotarod test was used to evaluate accurate motor coordination and balance. Immunofluorescence was used to determine expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1, myeloperoxidase, and zonula occluden-1 at the injury site. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentration of interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-6. The dry-wet weight method was used to measure brain water content. The Evans blue dye extravasation assay was used to measure BBB disruption. Western blot assay was used to measure protein expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3（NLRP3）, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, nuclear factor kappa B（NF-κB） p65, occluding, and zonula occluden-1. Flow cytometry was used to measure cellular apoptosis. Results showed that dexmedetomidine treatment attenuated early neurological dysfunction and brain edema. Further, dexmedetomidine attenuated post-traumatic inflammation, up-regulated tight junction protein expression, and reduced secondary BBB damage and apoptosis. These protective effects were accompanied by down-regulation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine exhibits neuroprotective effects against acute（3 d展开更多
Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to ident...Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Cardamonin(CDN), the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Alpinia katsumadai, has exerted an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism underlying this role is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDN blocks canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by multiple stimuli. Moreover, the suppression of CDN on inflammasome activation is specific to NLRP3, not to NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Besides, the inhibitory effect is not dependent on the expression of NF-κB-mediated inflammasome precursor proteins. We also demonstrate that CDN suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking ASC oligomerization and speckle formation in a dose-dependent manner.Importantly, CDN improves the survival of mice suffering from lethal septic shock and attenuates IL-1βproduction induced by LPS in vivo, which is shown to be NLRP3 dependent. In conclusion, our results identify CDN as a broad-spectrum and specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and a candidate therapeutic drug for treating NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.展开更多
文摘Inflammasomes are multiprotein intracellular complexes which are responsible for the activation of inflammatory responses. Among various subtypes of inflammasomes, NLRP3 has been a subject of intensive investigation. NLRP3 is considered to be a sensor of microbial and other danger signals and plays a crucial role in mucosal immune responses, promoting the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and IL-18. NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD). The role of NLRP3 in IBD is not yet fully elucidated as it seems to demonstrate both pathogenic and protective effects. Studies have shown a relationship between genetic variants and mutations in NLRP3 gene with IBD pathogenesis. A complex interaction between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the mucosal immune response has been reported. Activation of the inflammasome is a key function mediated by the innate immune response and in parallel the signaling through IL-1β and IL-18 is implicated in adaptive immunity. Further research is needed to delineate the precise mechanisms of NLRP3 function in regulating immune responses. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream signaling will provide new insights into the development of future therapeutic strategies.
文摘炎症小体是一种由Nod样受体(NLR)家族成员与PYHIN(pyrin and HIN domain)家族成员组成的胞浆多蛋白复合物,能被多种病原相关分子模式或损伤相关分子模式激活。炎症小体的功能是激活半胱天冬酶1(Caspase-1),进而引起促炎细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-18的成熟和分泌,并诱导细胞焦亡。NLR家族蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体是由NLRP3、接头蛋白ASC和效应蛋白Caspase-1组成的大分子多蛋白复合体。与其他炎症小体不同,NLRP3炎症小体可以被多种刺激物活化,包括微生物组分和内源性分子。NLRP3炎症小体在免疫系统和人类疾病中的重要性显而易见,但其激活及调节的机制仍不清楚。在此,主要对NLRP3炎症小体活化和调节的机制进行综述。
文摘目的检测NLRP3炎性小体及其下游炎性因子IL-1β/IL-18在类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者滑膜被覆细胞及滑膜间质中的表达及分布情况,探讨NLRP3炎症复合体在RA免疫调节中的作用机制。方法采用免疫组化EnVision法检测30例RA、10例骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)患者滑膜被覆细胞及滑膜间质中NLRP3、Caspase-1及其下游炎性因子IL-1β及IL-18的表达。采用Spearman秩相关分析RA患者滑膜组织中NLRP3炎性小体及其下游炎性因子IL-1β/IL-18的表达水平与RA临床和实验室参数的相关性。结果 NLRP3在RA、OA组中的阳性率分别为100.00%和70.00%,Caspase-1在RA、OA组中的阳性率分别为100.00%和50.00%,IL-1β在RA、OA组中的阳性率分别为100.00%和60.00%,IL-18在RA、OA组中的阳性率分别为86.67%和0,NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β及IL-18在RA和OA组间差异均有统计学意义( P <0.05)。IL-1β与RF表达呈显著正相关( P <0.05);NLRP3与CRP、RF、Caspase-1及IL-1β表达均呈显著正相关( P <0.05),而与IL-18表达无相关性( P >0.05)。结论 NLRP3/Caspase-1信号通路因子在RA的发病过程中起重要作用,且与疾病的活动性密切相关。IL-1β的分泌主要是由Caspase-1介导产生,提示抑制NLRP3或Caspase-1可有效下调IL-1β的表达,可能是RA潜在的治疗靶点,具有重要的临床指导意义。
文摘目的研究NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性小体及其下游炎症因子在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者和健康人之间表达的差异,揭示NLRP3炎性小体在慢阻肺发病机制中的可能作用。方法选取2016年11月至2017年5月住院的40例慢阻肺患者纳入急性加重期组,其经过治疗进入稳定期后纳入稳定期组,选取40例健康体检者纳入对照组。采集各组一般资料和外周血,荧光定量PCR法测定外周血单个核细胞中NLRP3 m RNA水平,酶联免疫法检测血浆白细胞介素-18(IL-18)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平。结果急性加重期组慢阻肺患者的NLRP3 m RNA、IL-18和IL-1β水平显著高于稳定期组[2.11±0.77,12.79(7.10,43.13)pg/ml,17.02(8.36,52.21)pg/ml比1.60±0.44,10.66(6.32,18.59)pg/ml,13.34(7.07,16.89)pg/ml,P<0.05]。急性加重期组慢阻肺患者的NLRP3 m RNA、IL-18和IL-1β水平显著高于对照组[2.11±0.77,12.79(7.10,43.13)pg/ml,17.02(8.36,52.21)pg/ml比1.00±0.49,6.29(4.73,7.93)pg/ml,5.93(4.81,9.67)pg/ml,P<0.05]。稳定期组慢阻肺患者的NLRP3 m RNA、IL-18和IL-1β水平显著高于对照组[1.60±0.44,10.66(6.32,18.59)pg/ml,13.34(7.07,16.89)pg/ml比1.00±0.49,6.29(4.73,7.93)pg/ml,5.93(4.81,9.67)pg/ml,P<0.05]。急性加重期组血浆IL-18水平和白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比呈正相关(r=0.372,P<0.05;r=0.386,P<0.05);急性加重期组NLRP3 m RNA表达量和稳定期组NLRP3 m RNA表达量均与CAT评分正相关(r=0.387,P<0.05;r=0.399,P<0.05)。结论 NLRP3炎性小体参与慢阻肺患者的机体炎症反应。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81503385)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China(No.CX2018B515)
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China,No.2016D01C120(to JB)
文摘Acacetin(5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone), a potential neuroprotective agent, has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory reactions. However, whether acacetin has an effect on inflammatory corpuscle 3(NLRP3) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been fully determined. This study used an improved suture method to establish a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in C57BL/6 mice. After ischemia with middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour, reperfusion with intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg of acacetin(acacetin group) or an equal volume of saline(0.1 mL/10 g, middle cerebral artery occlusion group) was used to investigate the effect of acacetin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Infarct volume and neurological function scores were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and the Zea-Longa scoring method. Compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group, neurological function scores and cerebral infarction volumes were significantly reduced in the acacetin group. To understand the effect of acacetin on microglia-mediated inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, immunohistochemistry for the microglia marker calcium adapter protein ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1) was examined in the hippocampus of ischemic brain tissue. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 expression in ischemic brain tissue of mice was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of Iba1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 was significantly lower in the acacetin group compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group. Western blot assay results showed that expression of Toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa B, NLRP3, procaspase-1, caspase-1, pro-interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1β were significantly lower in the acacetin group compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group. Our findings indicate that acacetin has a protectiv
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81330029,81671380the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City of China,No.17JCZDJC35900
文摘Traumatic brain injury induces potent inflammatory responses that can exacerbate secondary blood-brain barrier（BBB） disruption, neuronal injury, and neurological dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine is a novel α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that exert protective effects in various central nervous system diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective action of dexmedetomidine in a mouse traumatic brain injury model, and to explore the possible mechanisms. Adult male C57 BL/6 J mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact. After injury, animals received 3 days of consecutive dexmedetomidine therapy（25 μg/kg per day）. The modified neurological severity score was used to assess neurological deficits. The rotarod test was used to evaluate accurate motor coordination and balance. Immunofluorescence was used to determine expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1, myeloperoxidase, and zonula occluden-1 at the injury site. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentration of interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-6. The dry-wet weight method was used to measure brain water content. The Evans blue dye extravasation assay was used to measure BBB disruption. Western blot assay was used to measure protein expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3（NLRP3）, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, nuclear factor kappa B（NF-κB） p65, occluding, and zonula occluden-1. Flow cytometry was used to measure cellular apoptosis. Results showed that dexmedetomidine treatment attenuated early neurological dysfunction and brain edema. Further, dexmedetomidine attenuated post-traumatic inflammation, up-regulated tight junction protein expression, and reduced secondary BBB damage and apoptosis. These protective effects were accompanied by down-regulation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine exhibits neuroprotective effects against acute（3 d
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2017ZX09301022)the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2015ZX09501-004-001-008)+1 种基金the BeijingNova program(No.Z181100006218001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81630100)
文摘Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Cardamonin(CDN), the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Alpinia katsumadai, has exerted an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism underlying this role is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDN blocks canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by multiple stimuli. Moreover, the suppression of CDN on inflammasome activation is specific to NLRP3, not to NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Besides, the inhibitory effect is not dependent on the expression of NF-κB-mediated inflammasome precursor proteins. We also demonstrate that CDN suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking ASC oligomerization and speckle formation in a dose-dependent manner.Importantly, CDN improves the survival of mice suffering from lethal septic shock and attenuates IL-1βproduction induced by LPS in vivo, which is shown to be NLRP3 dependent. In conclusion, our results identify CDN as a broad-spectrum and specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and a candidate therapeutic drug for treating NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
