AIM:To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) features of different types of gray matter heterotopia.METHODS:Between June 2005 and December 2009,the medical records and MRI studies of patients with gray matter hete... AIM:To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) features of different types of gray matter heterotopia.METHODS:Between June 2005 and December 2009,the medical records and MRI studies of patients with gray matter heterotopia were reviewed.The MRI morphologic findings of heterotopia were recorded along with the presence and type of associated cranial malformations.Available clinical and electrophysiological data were also recorded.RESULTS:20 patients were included in the study.Their ages ranged from 9 mo to 39 years with a mean age of 15 years.All patients suffered from epileptic seizures.According to the location of heterotopia,patients were classified into three groups:subependymal(12),subcortical(5) and band(3) heterotopia.CONCLUSION:MRI was useful in diagnosing and differentiating between various types of gray matter heterotopia.The severity of clinical manifestations of heterotopia was related to the location and pattern of heterotopia.Determination of heterotopia type and its extent is useful for management planning and predicting prognosis.展开更多
目的探讨能谱探测器CT单能谱影像改善脑部CT平扫影像质量的能力,并与常规探测器CT的影像质量和辐射剂量进行对比研究。方法回顾性分析2016年10月—2016年12月期间临床表现为头晕、头痛的病人60例,其中男13例,女47例,平均年龄(45.12±...目的探讨能谱探测器CT单能谱影像改善脑部CT平扫影像质量的能力,并与常规探测器CT的影像质量和辐射剂量进行对比研究。方法回顾性分析2016年10月—2016年12月期间临床表现为头晕、头痛的病人60例,其中男13例,女47例,平均年龄(45.12±13.58)岁。根据能谱CT和常规CT检查将病人分为A、B两组,每组各30例。其中,能谱CT获取的数据重建为单能谱(66 ke V)影像(A1组)和混合能谱影像(A2组);常规CT使用与能谱CT相同辐射剂量的扫描方案获取影像(B组)。测量脑灰质和脑白质的CT值和噪声,计算3组影像的信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR),并对影像噪声、后颅窝伪影、脑灰质和白质对比显示情况进行主观评分。计量资料的多组间比较采用ANOVA分析,进一步两两比较采用Tukey检验。等级资料的多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验,进一步两两比较采用Nemenyi检验。采用Bland-Altman分析评价单能谱影像和常规影像之间的CT值的一致性。采用Kappa检验分析阅片者间的一致性。结果 A1组、A2组和B组的影像噪声、SNR、CNR分别为(1.87±0.38)HU、(2.14±0.46)HU和(2.25±0.49)HU,18.42±4.56、15.45±3.12和14.33±3.52,4.46±0.67、3.41±0.44和3.52±0.55。A1组的噪声、SNR和CNR均优于A2组和B组(均P<0.001),A2组与B组差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。A2组比A1组后颅窝兴趣区的CT值降低[(25.78±1.39)HU∶(29.47±1.82)HU,P<0.001],A2组受伪影影响大于A1组。A1、A2和B组中主观影像质量评分分别为1(1.0,1.5)、2(2.0,2.8)和3(2.1,3.0),评分者之间的一致性良好(Kappa=0.8)。能谱CT与常规CT的有效剂量分别为1.83 m Sv和1.88 m Sv。结论与常规CT相比,能谱探测器CT单能谱66 ke V成像在脑部CT平扫中,改善了影像质量并减少了后颅窝伪影,且不增加辐射剂量。展开更多
Vascular depression(VD)as defined by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been proposed as a unique subtype of late-life depression.The VD hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular disease,as characterized by the presence ...Vascular depression(VD)as defined by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been proposed as a unique subtype of late-life depression.The VD hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular disease,as characterized by the presence of MRIdefined white matter hyperintensities,contributes to and increases the risk for depression in older adults.VD is also accompanied by cognitive impairment and poor antidepressant treatment response.The VD diagnosis relies on MRI findings and yet this clinical entity is largely unfamiliar to neuroradiologists and is rarely,if ever,discussed in radiology journals.The primary purpose of this review is to introduce the MRI-defined VD construct to the neuroradiology community.Case reports are highlighted in order to illustrate the profile of VD in terms of radiological,clinical,and neuropsychological findings.A secondary purpose is to elucidate and elaborate on the measurement of cerebrovascular disease through visual rating scales and semi-and fully-automated volumetric methods.These methods are crucial for determining whether lesion burden or lesion severity is the dominant pathological contributor to VD.Additionally,these rating methods have implications for the growing field of computer assisted diagnosis.Since VD has been found to have a profile that is distinct from other types of late-life depression,neuroradiologists,in conjunction with psychiatrists and psychologists,should consider VD in diagnosis and treatment planning.展开更多
Acute cerebral ischemia or stroke is currently considered an emergency for which therapeutic options are available if the therapeutic window of 4.5 h is respected.Imaging modalities have progressed greatly over the la...Acute cerebral ischemia or stroke is currently considered an emergency for which therapeutic options are available if the therapeutic window of 4.5 h is respected.Imaging modalities have progressed greatly over the last few decades,rendering ischemia detectable in the first hours after the event.However,in order for treatment to be efficacious it is necessary to speed up all the processes before the start of therapy.Thus,one must decrease the time to arrival at the hospital and to the radiological method that is to be employed(be it computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging);only then will the medical or interventional techniques available fulfill their potential.展开更多
Background The study of central nervous system(CNS)tumors is particularly relevant in the pediatric population because of their relatively high frequency in this demographic and the significant impact on disease-and t...Background The study of central nervous system(CNS)tumors is particularly relevant in the pediatric population because of their relatively high frequency in this demographic and the significant impact on disease-and treatment-related morbidity and mortality.While both morphological and non-morphological magnetic resonance imaging techniques can give important information concerning tumor characterization,grading,and patient prognosis,increasing evidence in recent years has highlighted the need for personalized treatment and the development of quantitative imaging parameters that can predict the nature of the lesion and its possible evolution.For this purpose,radiomics and the use of artificial intelligence software,aimed at obtaining valuable data from images beyond mere visual observation,are gaining increasing importance.This brief review illustrates the current state of the art of this new imaging approach and its contributions to understanding CNS tumors in children.Data sources We searched the PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science databases using the following key search terms:(“radiomics”AND/OR“artificial intelligence”)AND(“pediatric AND brain tumors”).Basic and clinical research literature related to the above key research terms,i.e.,studies assessing the key factors,challenges,or problems of using radiomics and artificial intelligence in pediatric brain tumors management,was collected.Results A total of 63 articles were included.The included ones were published between 2008 and 2024.Central nervous tumors are crucial in pediatrics due to their high frequency and impact on disease and treatment.MRI serves as the cornerstone of neuroimaging,providing cellular,vascular,and functional information in addition to morphological features for brain malignancies.Radiomics can provide a quantitative approach to medical imaging analysis,aimed at increasing the information obtainable from the pixels/voxel grey-level values and their interrelationships.The“radiomic workflow”involves a series of iterative ste展开更多
Anophthalmia is a condition of the absence of an eye and the presence of a small eye within the orbit.It is associated with many known syndromes.Clinical findings,as well as imaging modalities and genetic analysis,are...Anophthalmia is a condition of the absence of an eye and the presence of a small eye within the orbit.It is associated with many known syndromes.Clinical findings,as well as imaging modalities and genetic analysis,are important in making the diagnosis.Imaging modalities are crucial scanning methods.Cryptophthalmos,cyclopia,synophthalmia and congenital cystic eye should be considered in differential diagnoses.We report two clinical anophthalmic siblings,emphasizing the importance of neuroradiological and orbital imaging findings in distinguishing true congenital anophthalmia from clinical anophthalmia.展开更多
Differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions,either isolated or in association with cerebellar and supra-tentorial lesions,can be challenging. Knowledge of the structural organization is crucial for the differential di...Differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions,either isolated or in association with cerebellar and supra-tentorial lesions,can be challenging. Knowledge of the structural organization is crucial for the differential diagnosis and establishment of prognosis of pathologies with involvement of the brainstem. Familiarity with the location of the lesions in the brainstem is essential,especially in the pediatric population. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is the most sensitive and specific imaging technique for diagnosing disorders of the posterior fossa and,particularly,the brainstem. High magnetic static field MRI allows detailed visualization of the morphology,signal intensity and metabolic content of the brainstem nuclei,together with visualization of the normal development and myelination. In this pictorial essay we review the brainstem pathology in pediatric patients and consider the MR imaging patterns that may help the radiologist to differentiate among vascular,toxico-metabolic,infectiveinflammatory,degenerative and neoplastic processes. Helpful MR tips can guide the differential diagnosis: These include the location and morphology of lesions,the brainstem vascularization territories,gray and white matter distribution and tissue selective vulnerability.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verd...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The risk of rupture of true renal artery aneurysms is low but when they are bigger than 2 -</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2.5 cm it increases significantly, making treatment essential. The need to use alternatives to conventional</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">techniques in order to avoid predictable complications as coil migration is mandatory. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Discussion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Routinely-used techniques in interventional neuroradiology such as flow diverters or those</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">assisted with an occlusion balloon or stent have are su</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">itable alternatives for complex aneurysms. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Interventional neuroradiology devices such as the Cascade Net stent (Perflow Medical and</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Grupo Logsa) and Solitaire AB stent retriever (Medtronic) are valid and safe options</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. We describe the</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">technique of such devices.</span>展开更多
In order to further improve the impact of the continuously evolving neurointerventional techniques, the interventional neuroradiologist needs to have at his disposal more powerful techniques to image the central nerv... In order to further improve the impact of the continuously evolving neurointerventional techniques, the interventional neuroradiologist needs to have at his disposal more powerful techniques to image the central nervous system. With the recent development of diagnostics techniques that are computed tomography and magnetic resonance based we are now able to assess not just morphology, but also physiology, physiopathology and function. This review discusses the place of diagnostic techniques in the evaluation that the interventional neuroradiologist hast to make when confronted with patients. We provide an overview of current techniques for the brain and spine.展开更多
AIM:To study the clinical outcomes of treating vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations(VGAM),we assessed our patient cohort using standardized cognitive and functional measures.METHODS:A retrospective review of patien... AIM:To study the clinical outcomes of treating vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations(VGAM),we assessed our patient cohort using standardized cognitive and functional measures.METHODS:A retrospective review of patients with VGAM treated by a single practitioner between 2003 and 2009 was performed for this study.In addition to routine clinical assessment,all patients were evaluated for cognitive and functional impairment using validated measures including the Neurobehavioral Rating ScaleRevised,the Bicêtre outcome score,and the Barthel index.RESULTS:Five patients underwent combined transarterial and transvenous embolization of their VGAM during the study period.VGAMs were classified based on angioarchitecture as either choroidal(1/5) or mural(4/5) according to the classification scheme of Lasjaunias.In total,13 embolization procedures were performed consisting of 1 to 3 treatment stages per patient.Complete or near complete occlusion was achieved in 4 patients,while subtotal occlusion was achieved in 1 patient.During follow-up(median 62.6 mo),all patients were either unchanged or cognitively and neurologically intact.CONCLUSION:VGAM can be safely and effectively treated by staged transarterial and transvenous embolization.Using this strategy,excellent long-term cognitive and functional outcomes can be achieved.展开更多
Background: A pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at its cervicl part, is a rare and often lethal com-plication after cervical trauma. The treatment of choice is anticoagulation. Patients with a contra...Background: A pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at its cervicl part, is a rare and often lethal com-plication after cervical trauma. The treatment of choice is anticoagulation. Patients with a contraindication for anticoagulation or those who do not improve with standard treatment, warrant either a surgical repair or stent placement.Stent placement posses both short and long term risks such as immediate ischemic events, in-stent stenosis and stent breakage, thus the choice of stent type is critical. Advances in stent technology have made cervical stent placement a viable option. We report our experience with the LEO + (Balt Extrusion, Montmorency, France) nitinol flexible self expanding stent for post-traumatic ICA aneurysms. Methods: 5 patients suffering a post-traumatic cervical ICA pseudo-aneurysms refractory to standard treatment were treated with nitinol braided flexible self expanding stent. This stent has a shape memory and superelasticity virtues making it suitable. Diagnosis was made with CT angiography and confirmed by catheter angiography. All procedures were preformed under local anesthesia. Time between trauma and treatment ranged six days to over five years. Follow-up was performed by CT angiography or conventional angiography. Results: Five patients, having eight aneurysms were treated using 12 stents. In all cases, appropriate stent placement was achieved. No immediate or late complications, as well as no neurological sequele reported at 6 months. Radiological follow-up exams demonstrated complete pseudoaneurysm closure. Conclusion: Stent placement can be a safe and definitive treatment option for patients to conventional medical treatment.展开更多
A 43-year-old male presented with severe intermittent headaches since two years accompanied by multiple episodes of generalized seizures and left hand weakness. MRI scan and cerebral angiography confirmed the diagnosi...A 43-year-old male presented with severe intermittent headaches since two years accompanied by multiple episodes of generalized seizures and left hand weakness. MRI scan and cerebral angiography confirmed the diagnosis of a giant serpentine cerebral aneurysm arising from the middle cerebral artery. The patient was admitted for a possible cerebral embolization after undergoing a Balloon Occlusion Test (BOT). Since he tolerated the occlusion test, he underwent coil embolization afterwards with successful occlusion followed by an uneventful recovery and no complications. Later on, the patient was discharged home in a stable and good general condition without any neurological deficits. A six-month angiography follow-up revealed a complete occlusion with no re-canalization of the coiled giant serpentine aneurysm. Therefore, we concluded that parent artery occlusion is a good and safe procedure providing that the patient tolerated both the occlusion and the hemodynamic stress tests.展开更多
Toxic leukoencephalopathy is an important complication of heroin abuse and has mostly been described after inhaling heroin vapor, known as “chasing the dragon syndrome” or heroin inhalation leukoencephalopathy (HIL)...Toxic leukoencephalopathy is an important complication of heroin abuse and has mostly been described after inhaling heroin vapor, known as “chasing the dragon syndrome” or heroin inhalation leukoencephalopathy (HIL). We present a 51 year-old male patient with toxic leukoencephalopathy following intranasal administration of heroin.展开更多
Since the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial,intravenous thrombolysis has been gaining wide acceptance as the modality of treatment for acute embolic stroke,with a current therapeutic window...Since the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial,intravenous thrombolysis has been gaining wide acceptance as the modality of treatment for acute embolic stroke,with a current therapeutic window of up to 4.5 h.Both imaging[with either magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computed tomography(CT)]and interventional techniques(thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy)have since improved and provided us with additional imaging of the penumbra using CT or MRI and more advanced thrombolysis or thrombectomy strategies that have been embraced in many centers dealing with patients with acute cerebral ischemia.These techniques,however,have come under scrutiny due to their accrued healthcare costs and have been questioned following major recent studies.These studies basically showed that interventional techniques were not superior to the traditional intravenous thrombolysis techniques and that penumbra imaging could not determine what patients would benefit from more aggressive(i.e.,interventional)treatment.We discuss this in the light of the latest developments in both diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology and point out why further studies are needed in order to define the right choices for patients with acute stroke.Indeed,these studies were in part conducted with suboptimal patient recruitment strategies and did not always use the latest interventional techniques available today.So,while these studies may have raised some relevant questions,at the same time,definitive answers have not been given,in our opinion.展开更多
文摘 AIM:To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) features of different types of gray matter heterotopia.METHODS:Between June 2005 and December 2009,the medical records and MRI studies of patients with gray matter heterotopia were reviewed.The MRI morphologic findings of heterotopia were recorded along with the presence and type of associated cranial malformations.Available clinical and electrophysiological data were also recorded.RESULTS:20 patients were included in the study.Their ages ranged from 9 mo to 39 years with a mean age of 15 years.All patients suffered from epileptic seizures.According to the location of heterotopia,patients were classified into three groups:subependymal(12),subcortical(5) and band(3) heterotopia.CONCLUSION:MRI was useful in diagnosing and differentiating between various types of gray matter heterotopia.The severity of clinical manifestations of heterotopia was related to the location and pattern of heterotopia.Determination of heterotopia type and its extent is useful for management planning and predicting prognosis.
文摘目的探讨能谱探测器CT单能谱影像改善脑部CT平扫影像质量的能力,并与常规探测器CT的影像质量和辐射剂量进行对比研究。方法回顾性分析2016年10月—2016年12月期间临床表现为头晕、头痛的病人60例,其中男13例,女47例,平均年龄(45.12±13.58)岁。根据能谱CT和常规CT检查将病人分为A、B两组,每组各30例。其中,能谱CT获取的数据重建为单能谱(66 ke V)影像(A1组)和混合能谱影像(A2组);常规CT使用与能谱CT相同辐射剂量的扫描方案获取影像(B组)。测量脑灰质和脑白质的CT值和噪声,计算3组影像的信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR),并对影像噪声、后颅窝伪影、脑灰质和白质对比显示情况进行主观评分。计量资料的多组间比较采用ANOVA分析,进一步两两比较采用Tukey检验。等级资料的多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验,进一步两两比较采用Nemenyi检验。采用Bland-Altman分析评价单能谱影像和常规影像之间的CT值的一致性。采用Kappa检验分析阅片者间的一致性。结果 A1组、A2组和B组的影像噪声、SNR、CNR分别为(1.87±0.38)HU、(2.14±0.46)HU和(2.25±0.49)HU,18.42±4.56、15.45±3.12和14.33±3.52,4.46±0.67、3.41±0.44和3.52±0.55。A1组的噪声、SNR和CNR均优于A2组和B组(均P<0.001),A2组与B组差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。A2组比A1组后颅窝兴趣区的CT值降低[(25.78±1.39)HU∶(29.47±1.82)HU,P<0.001],A2组受伪影影响大于A1组。A1、A2和B组中主观影像质量评分分别为1(1.0,1.5)、2(2.0,2.8)和3(2.1,3.0),评分者之间的一致性良好(Kappa=0.8)。能谱CT与常规CT的有效剂量分别为1.83 m Sv和1.88 m Sv。结论与常规CT相比,能谱探测器CT单能谱66 ke V成像在脑部CT平扫中,改善了影像质量并减少了后颅窝伪影,且不增加辐射剂量。
文摘Vascular depression(VD)as defined by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been proposed as a unique subtype of late-life depression.The VD hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular disease,as characterized by the presence of MRIdefined white matter hyperintensities,contributes to and increases the risk for depression in older adults.VD is also accompanied by cognitive impairment and poor antidepressant treatment response.The VD diagnosis relies on MRI findings and yet this clinical entity is largely unfamiliar to neuroradiologists and is rarely,if ever,discussed in radiology journals.The primary purpose of this review is to introduce the MRI-defined VD construct to the neuroradiology community.Case reports are highlighted in order to illustrate the profile of VD in terms of radiological,clinical,and neuropsychological findings.A secondary purpose is to elucidate and elaborate on the measurement of cerebrovascular disease through visual rating scales and semi-and fully-automated volumetric methods.These methods are crucial for determining whether lesion burden or lesion severity is the dominant pathological contributor to VD.Additionally,these rating methods have implications for the growing field of computer assisted diagnosis.Since VD has been found to have a profile that is distinct from other types of late-life depression,neuroradiologists,in conjunction with psychiatrists and psychologists,should consider VD in diagnosis and treatment planning.
文摘Acute cerebral ischemia or stroke is currently considered an emergency for which therapeutic options are available if the therapeutic window of 4.5 h is respected.Imaging modalities have progressed greatly over the last few decades,rendering ischemia detectable in the first hours after the event.However,in order for treatment to be efficacious it is necessary to speed up all the processes before the start of therapy.Thus,one must decrease the time to arrival at the hospital and to the radiological method that is to be employed(be it computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging);only then will the medical or interventional techniques available fulfill their potential.
基金Open access funding provided by Universitàdegli Studi di Napoli Federico II within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
文摘Background The study of central nervous system(CNS)tumors is particularly relevant in the pediatric population because of their relatively high frequency in this demographic and the significant impact on disease-and treatment-related morbidity and mortality.While both morphological and non-morphological magnetic resonance imaging techniques can give important information concerning tumor characterization,grading,and patient prognosis,increasing evidence in recent years has highlighted the need for personalized treatment and the development of quantitative imaging parameters that can predict the nature of the lesion and its possible evolution.For this purpose,radiomics and the use of artificial intelligence software,aimed at obtaining valuable data from images beyond mere visual observation,are gaining increasing importance.This brief review illustrates the current state of the art of this new imaging approach and its contributions to understanding CNS tumors in children.Data sources We searched the PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science databases using the following key search terms:(“radiomics”AND/OR“artificial intelligence”)AND(“pediatric AND brain tumors”).Basic and clinical research literature related to the above key research terms,i.e.,studies assessing the key factors,challenges,or problems of using radiomics and artificial intelligence in pediatric brain tumors management,was collected.Results A total of 63 articles were included.The included ones were published between 2008 and 2024.Central nervous tumors are crucial in pediatrics due to their high frequency and impact on disease and treatment.MRI serves as the cornerstone of neuroimaging,providing cellular,vascular,and functional information in addition to morphological features for brain malignancies.Radiomics can provide a quantitative approach to medical imaging analysis,aimed at increasing the information obtainable from the pixels/voxel grey-level values and their interrelationships.The“radiomic workflow”involves a series of iterative ste
文摘Anophthalmia is a condition of the absence of an eye and the presence of a small eye within the orbit.It is associated with many known syndromes.Clinical findings,as well as imaging modalities and genetic analysis,are important in making the diagnosis.Imaging modalities are crucial scanning methods.Cryptophthalmos,cyclopia,synophthalmia and congenital cystic eye should be considered in differential diagnoses.We report two clinical anophthalmic siblings,emphasizing the importance of neuroradiological and orbital imaging findings in distinguishing true congenital anophthalmia from clinical anophthalmia.
文摘Differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions,either isolated or in association with cerebellar and supra-tentorial lesions,can be challenging. Knowledge of the structural organization is crucial for the differential diagnosis and establishment of prognosis of pathologies with involvement of the brainstem. Familiarity with the location of the lesions in the brainstem is essential,especially in the pediatric population. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is the most sensitive and specific imaging technique for diagnosing disorders of the posterior fossa and,particularly,the brainstem. High magnetic static field MRI allows detailed visualization of the morphology,signal intensity and metabolic content of the brainstem nuclei,together with visualization of the normal development and myelination. In this pictorial essay we review the brainstem pathology in pediatric patients and consider the MR imaging patterns that may help the radiologist to differentiate among vascular,toxico-metabolic,infectiveinflammatory,degenerative and neoplastic processes. Helpful MR tips can guide the differential diagnosis: These include the location and morphology of lesions,the brainstem vascularization territories,gray and white matter distribution and tissue selective vulnerability.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The risk of rupture of true renal artery aneurysms is low but when they are bigger than 2 -</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2.5 cm it increases significantly, making treatment essential. The need to use alternatives to conventional</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">techniques in order to avoid predictable complications as coil migration is mandatory. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Discussion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Routinely-used techniques in interventional neuroradiology such as flow diverters or those</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">assisted with an occlusion balloon or stent have are su</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">itable alternatives for complex aneurysms. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Interventional neuroradiology devices such as the Cascade Net stent (Perflow Medical and</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Grupo Logsa) and Solitaire AB stent retriever (Medtronic) are valid and safe options</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. We describe the</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">technique of such devices.</span>
文摘 In order to further improve the impact of the continuously evolving neurointerventional techniques, the interventional neuroradiologist needs to have at his disposal more powerful techniques to image the central nervous system. With the recent development of diagnostics techniques that are computed tomography and magnetic resonance based we are now able to assess not just morphology, but also physiology, physiopathology and function. This review discusses the place of diagnostic techniques in the evaluation that the interventional neuroradiologist hast to make when confronted with patients. We provide an overview of current techniques for the brain and spine.
文摘 AIM:To study the clinical outcomes of treating vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations(VGAM),we assessed our patient cohort using standardized cognitive and functional measures.METHODS:A retrospective review of patients with VGAM treated by a single practitioner between 2003 and 2009 was performed for this study.In addition to routine clinical assessment,all patients were evaluated for cognitive and functional impairment using validated measures including the Neurobehavioral Rating ScaleRevised,the Bicêtre outcome score,and the Barthel index.RESULTS:Five patients underwent combined transarterial and transvenous embolization of their VGAM during the study period.VGAMs were classified based on angioarchitecture as either choroidal(1/5) or mural(4/5) according to the classification scheme of Lasjaunias.In total,13 embolization procedures were performed consisting of 1 to 3 treatment stages per patient.Complete or near complete occlusion was achieved in 4 patients,while subtotal occlusion was achieved in 1 patient.During follow-up(median 62.6 mo),all patients were either unchanged or cognitively and neurologically intact.CONCLUSION:VGAM can be safely and effectively treated by staged transarterial and transvenous embolization.Using this strategy,excellent long-term cognitive and functional outcomes can be achieved.
文摘Background: A pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at its cervicl part, is a rare and often lethal com-plication after cervical trauma. The treatment of choice is anticoagulation. Patients with a contraindication for anticoagulation or those who do not improve with standard treatment, warrant either a surgical repair or stent placement.Stent placement posses both short and long term risks such as immediate ischemic events, in-stent stenosis and stent breakage, thus the choice of stent type is critical. Advances in stent technology have made cervical stent placement a viable option. We report our experience with the LEO + (Balt Extrusion, Montmorency, France) nitinol flexible self expanding stent for post-traumatic ICA aneurysms. Methods: 5 patients suffering a post-traumatic cervical ICA pseudo-aneurysms refractory to standard treatment were treated with nitinol braided flexible self expanding stent. This stent has a shape memory and superelasticity virtues making it suitable. Diagnosis was made with CT angiography and confirmed by catheter angiography. All procedures were preformed under local anesthesia. Time between trauma and treatment ranged six days to over five years. Follow-up was performed by CT angiography or conventional angiography. Results: Five patients, having eight aneurysms were treated using 12 stents. In all cases, appropriate stent placement was achieved. No immediate or late complications, as well as no neurological sequele reported at 6 months. Radiological follow-up exams demonstrated complete pseudoaneurysm closure. Conclusion: Stent placement can be a safe and definitive treatment option for patients to conventional medical treatment.
文摘A 43-year-old male presented with severe intermittent headaches since two years accompanied by multiple episodes of generalized seizures and left hand weakness. MRI scan and cerebral angiography confirmed the diagnosis of a giant serpentine cerebral aneurysm arising from the middle cerebral artery. The patient was admitted for a possible cerebral embolization after undergoing a Balloon Occlusion Test (BOT). Since he tolerated the occlusion test, he underwent coil embolization afterwards with successful occlusion followed by an uneventful recovery and no complications. Later on, the patient was discharged home in a stable and good general condition without any neurological deficits. A six-month angiography follow-up revealed a complete occlusion with no re-canalization of the coiled giant serpentine aneurysm. Therefore, we concluded that parent artery occlusion is a good and safe procedure providing that the patient tolerated both the occlusion and the hemodynamic stress tests.
文摘Toxic leukoencephalopathy is an important complication of heroin abuse and has mostly been described after inhaling heroin vapor, known as “chasing the dragon syndrome” or heroin inhalation leukoencephalopathy (HIL). We present a 51 year-old male patient with toxic leukoencephalopathy following intranasal administration of heroin.
文摘Since the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial,intravenous thrombolysis has been gaining wide acceptance as the modality of treatment for acute embolic stroke,with a current therapeutic window of up to 4.5 h.Both imaging[with either magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computed tomography(CT)]and interventional techniques(thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy)have since improved and provided us with additional imaging of the penumbra using CT or MRI and more advanced thrombolysis or thrombectomy strategies that have been embraced in many centers dealing with patients with acute cerebral ischemia.These techniques,however,have come under scrutiny due to their accrued healthcare costs and have been questioned following major recent studies.These studies basically showed that interventional techniques were not superior to the traditional intravenous thrombolysis techniques and that penumbra imaging could not determine what patients would benefit from more aggressive(i.e.,interventional)treatment.We discuss this in the light of the latest developments in both diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology and point out why further studies are needed in order to define the right choices for patients with acute stroke.Indeed,these studies were in part conducted with suboptimal patient recruitment strategies and did not always use the latest interventional techniques available today.So,while these studies may have raised some relevant questions,at the same time,definitive answers have not been given,in our opinion.
