Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic recurrent condition whose etiology is unknown,and it includes ulcerative colitis,Crohn's disease,and microscopic colitis. These three diseases differ in clinical manife...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic recurrent condition whose etiology is unknown,and it includes ulcerative colitis,Crohn's disease,and microscopic colitis. These three diseases differ in clinical manifestations,courses,and prognoses. IBD reduces the patients' quality of life and is an economic burden to both the patients and society. Interactions between the gastrointestinal(GI) neuroendocrine peptides/amines(NEPA) and the immune system are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBD. Moreover,the interaction between GI NEPA and intestinal microbiota appears to play also a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of IBD. This review summarizes the available data on GI NEPA in IBD,and speculates on their possible role in the pathophysiology and the potential use of this information when developing treatments. GI NEPA serotonin,the neuropeptide Y family,and substance P are proinflammatory,while the chromogranin/secretogranin family,vasoactive intestinal peptide,somatostatin,and ghrelin are antiinflammatory. Several innate and adaptive immune cells express these NEPA and/or have receptors to them. The GI NEPA are affected in patients with IBD and in animal models of human IBD. The GI NEPA are potentially useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of the activity of IBD,and are candidate targets for treatments of this disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Folic acid is essential for normal functioning of the nervous system. Previous studies have focused on the effects of folic acid on astrocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of folic aci...BACKGROUND： Folic acid is essential for normal functioning of the nervous system. Previous studies have focused on the effects of folic acid on astrocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of folic acid on astrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells （NSCs） and the related mechanisms in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, grouping experiment was performed in Tianjin Medical University between August 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS： Folic acid and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （BrdU） were obtained from Sigma, MO, USA. Primary antibodies [rabbit anti-rat nestin, β-tubulin-Ⅲ, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurogeninl （Ngnl）; mouse anti-rat BrdU and β-actin monoclonal antibodies] were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. METHODS： At 6 days of NSC proliferation from 24-hour-old neonatal rats, BrdU incorporation assay was performed. Seven days after primary culture, NSCs were induced to differentiate with medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum. Cultured NSCs were assigned to three groups： control, low-dose （liquid media with 8 mg/L folic acid）, and high-dose folic acid （liquid media with 44 mg/L folic acid）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 7 after primary culture, the cells were identified as NSCs by immunocytochemical methods. Double-label immunofluorescence technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU detected differentiated cells 7 days after induction. Western blot was used to analyze expression of Ngnl protein in NSCs. RESULTS： In serum-free suspension medium, neurospheres comprised a large number of Nestin-, glial fibrillary acidic protein-, β-tubulin-Ⅲ-, and BrdU-positive cells. Compared with the control group, high-dose folic acid supplementation led to an marked increase in the percentage of glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU-positive cells （P 〈 0.05）, and significantly decreased Ngnl protein expression （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Folic acid promotes astrocytic differentiation of NSCs, which might be re展开更多
目的探讨移植经直接重编程后的星形胶质细胞对大鼠脊髓损伤功能恢复的影响。方法建立SD大鼠脊髓损伤模型48只,随机均分为四组,分别为移植转染了含有神经原素2(Ngn2)的星形胶质细胞组(A组)、移植转染了绿色荧光蛋白基因的星形胶质细胞组(...目的探讨移植经直接重编程后的星形胶质细胞对大鼠脊髓损伤功能恢复的影响。方法建立SD大鼠脊髓损伤模型48只,随机均分为四组,分别为移植转染了含有神经原素2(Ngn2)的星形胶质细胞组(A组)、移植转染了绿色荧光蛋白基因的星形胶质细胞组(B组)、移植星形胶质细胞组(C组)和移植PBS组(D组)。移植后4周,免疫荧光染色观察脊髓组织的神经元特异性核蛋白(NeuN)和微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)的表达;利用Basso Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)评分系统对移植后的大鼠进行连续8周的BBB评分,观察其运动功能的恢复情况。结果连续观察8周后,A组的BBB评分高于其他三组(P<0.05)。A组的NeuN和MAP2表达均高于B组(P<0.05)。结论在大鼠脊髓损伤模型中,移植经直接重编程处理过的星形胶质细胞能提高受损脊髓组织的神经元数量,有助于损伤脊髓的运动功能恢复。展开更多
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic recurrent condition whose etiology is unknown,and it includes ulcerative colitis,Crohn's disease,and microscopic colitis. These three diseases differ in clinical manifestations,courses,and prognoses. IBD reduces the patients' quality of life and is an economic burden to both the patients and society. Interactions between the gastrointestinal(GI) neuroendocrine peptides/amines(NEPA) and the immune system are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBD. Moreover,the interaction between GI NEPA and intestinal microbiota appears to play also a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of IBD. This review summarizes the available data on GI NEPA in IBD,and speculates on their possible role in the pathophysiology and the potential use of this information when developing treatments. GI NEPA serotonin,the neuropeptide Y family,and substance P are proinflammatory,while the chromogranin/secretogranin family,vasoactive intestinal peptide,somatostatin,and ghrelin are antiinflammatory. Several innate and adaptive immune cells express these NEPA and/or have receptors to them. The GI NEPA are affected in patients with IBD and in animal models of human IBD. The GI NEPA are potentially useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of the activity of IBD,and are candidate targets for treatments of this disease.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30571563, 30771797the grant from Tianjin Education Commission,China,No. 20070208
文摘BACKGROUND： Folic acid is essential for normal functioning of the nervous system. Previous studies have focused on the effects of folic acid on astrocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of folic acid on astrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells （NSCs） and the related mechanisms in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, grouping experiment was performed in Tianjin Medical University between August 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS： Folic acid and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （BrdU） were obtained from Sigma, MO, USA. Primary antibodies [rabbit anti-rat nestin, β-tubulin-Ⅲ, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurogeninl （Ngnl）; mouse anti-rat BrdU and β-actin monoclonal antibodies] were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. METHODS： At 6 days of NSC proliferation from 24-hour-old neonatal rats, BrdU incorporation assay was performed. Seven days after primary culture, NSCs were induced to differentiate with medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum. Cultured NSCs were assigned to three groups： control, low-dose （liquid media with 8 mg/L folic acid）, and high-dose folic acid （liquid media with 44 mg/L folic acid）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 7 after primary culture, the cells were identified as NSCs by immunocytochemical methods. Double-label immunofluorescence technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU detected differentiated cells 7 days after induction. Western blot was used to analyze expression of Ngnl protein in NSCs. RESULTS： In serum-free suspension medium, neurospheres comprised a large number of Nestin-, glial fibrillary acidic protein-, β-tubulin-Ⅲ-, and BrdU-positive cells. Compared with the control group, high-dose folic acid supplementation led to an marked increase in the percentage of glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU-positive cells （P 〈 0.05）, and significantly decreased Ngnl protein expression （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Folic acid promotes astrocytic differentiation of NSCs, which might be re
文摘目的探讨移植经直接重编程后的星形胶质细胞对大鼠脊髓损伤功能恢复的影响。方法建立SD大鼠脊髓损伤模型48只,随机均分为四组,分别为移植转染了含有神经原素2(Ngn2)的星形胶质细胞组(A组)、移植转染了绿色荧光蛋白基因的星形胶质细胞组(B组)、移植星形胶质细胞组(C组)和移植PBS组(D组)。移植后4周,免疫荧光染色观察脊髓组织的神经元特异性核蛋白(NeuN)和微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)的表达;利用Basso Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)评分系统对移植后的大鼠进行连续8周的BBB评分,观察其运动功能的恢复情况。结果连续观察8周后,A组的BBB评分高于其他三组(P<0.05)。A组的NeuN和MAP2表达均高于B组(P<0.05)。结论在大鼠脊髓损伤模型中,移植经直接重编程处理过的星形胶质细胞能提高受损脊髓组织的神经元数量,有助于损伤脊髓的运动功能恢复。
