Background： Chronic kidney disease has become a leading public health concern in China, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. However, the overall situation regarding common glomerular d...Background： Chronic kidney disease has become a leading public health concern in China, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. However, the overall situation regarding common glomerular diseases in China remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the national profile of the common types ofglomerulonephritis in China. Methods： We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and Wanfang databases for English and Chinese language articles from inception to September 2017. We also collected potentially relevant studies and reviews using a manual search. The fbllowing words in combinations are as keywords： ＂renal biopsy＂, ＂kidney pathological diagnosis＂, and ＂spectrum of pathological types＂. Results： We identified 23 studies involving 176,355 patients from 15 provinces/cities in China. The detection rates of primary glomerulonephritis （PGN） and secondary glomerulonephritis （SGN） were 0.740 and 0.221, respectively. Over the past 30 years, the top five types of PGN were immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN; 24.3%）, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN; 10.5%）, membranous nephropathy （MN; 12.6%）, minimal change disease （MCD; 9.8%）, and tbcal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSGS; 4.6%）, and the top four types of SGN were lupus nephritis （LN; 8.6%）, Henoch-Sch6nlein purpura glomerulonephritis （4.1%）, hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis （HBV-GN; 2.6%）, and diabetic nephropathy （DN; 1.6%）. The proportion of MN, MCD, HBV-GN, and DN tended to increase, while those of IgAN, MsPGN, FSGS, and LN tended to drop. Conclusions： Although the incidence of SGN is increasing gradually, PGN is still the leading lbrm of kidney disease in patients undergoing renal biopsies in China. IgAN and LN are the most common types of PGN and SGN, respectively. Differences between regions are related to various factors such as nationality, environment, and diet. Furthermore, unified standards and norms 展开更多
Background:Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP)is one of the most common vasculitides in children.It is manifested by skin purpura,arthritis,abdominal pain,renal involvement,etc.Typically,HSP is considered to be self-li...Background:Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP)is one of the most common vasculitides in children.It is manifested by skin purpura,arthritis,abdominal pain,renal involvement,etc.Typically,HSP is considered to be self-limiting,although renal involvement(HSP purpura nephritis,HSPN)is the principal cause of morbidity from this disease.For this reason,it is important to clarify the mechanism of onset and clinical manifestations of HSPN and to ascertain the most appropriate treatment for HSPN.In this article,we review the updated pathophysiology and treatment strategies for HSPN.Data sources:We searched databases including PubMed,Elsevier and Wanfang for the folowing key words:Henoch-Schönlein purpura,nephritis,mechanism and treatment,and we selected those publications written in English that we judged to be relevant to the topic of this review.Results:Based on the data present in the literature,we reviewed the following topics:1)the possible pathogenesis of HSPN:several studies suggest that immunoglobulin A immune complexes deposit in the mesangium and induce renal injury;2)multiple-drug treatment for HSPN:although there have been few evidence-based treatment strategies for HSPN,several studies have suggested that immunosuppressive drugs and multiple drug combination therapy were effective in ameliorating proteinuria and histological severity.Conclusions:HSPN is a severe disease of childhood.To better understand this disease,detailed investigations into the pathogenesis of HSPN and prospective randomized controlled treatment studies on children with severe HSPN are needed.展开更多
To investigate the role of IL-17 in the overproduction of autoantibodies and IL-6 overexpression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of lupus nephritis (LN) patients Methods Fifteen consecutively hospitaliz...To investigate the role of IL-17 in the overproduction of autoantibodies and IL-6 overexpression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of lupus nephritis (LN) patients Methods Fifteen consecutively hospitalized LN patients were selected as subjects and 15 healthy adults as normal controls PBMC were obtained by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation IgG, anti-dsDNA antibody and IL-6 protein levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on the supernatant of cul tured PBMC of LN patients or normal controls IL-6 mRNA levels in PBMC were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Results In medium culture, IgG, anti-dsDNA and IL-6 protein levels of the supernatant of PBMC from LN patients were significantly higher than those from normal controls (1492 1±73 2 ng/ml vs 636 7±51 9 ng/ml for IgG, 306 6±53 7 IU/ml vs 95 8±11 6 IU/ml for anti-dsDNA and 50 92±15 92 ng/ml vs 1 77±0 73 ng/ml for IL-6, all P<0 001) In LN patients, IgG, anti-dsDNA and IL-6 protein levels were higher in the supernatants of PBMC in the IL-17-stimulated culture than the medium culture, but in normal controls, only the IL-6 protein levels were significantly higher The increase in IgG, anti-dsDNA and IL-6 protein levels induced by IL-17 was dose-dependent and could be completely blocked by IL-17 monoclonal antibody mIgG 28 and partially blocked by dexamethasone Similarly, IL-6 mRNA overexpression of PBMC in LN patients or normal controls induced by IL-17 was both dose- and time-dependent During medium culture, IL-6 mRNA levels in LN patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls (1 80±0 11 vs 0 36±0 07) During stimulation with IL-17, IL-6 mRNA levels in LN patients were higher than those in normal controls (3 21±0 24 vs 1 30±0 14, P<0 05) and also significantly higher when comparing the stimulated culture with the medium culture either in LN patients or normal control Conclusions IL-17 may play an important role展开更多
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that can bind to DNA and act as a co-factor for gene transcription. When released into extracellular fluid, it plays a proinflammatory role by acting as a damage-...High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that can bind to DNA and act as a co-factor for gene transcription. When released into extracellular fluid, it plays a proinflammatory role by acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) (also known as an alarmin) to initiate innate immune responses by activating multiple cell surface receptors such as the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR2, TLR4 or TLR9. This proinflammatory role is now considered to be important in the pathogenesis of a wide range of kidney diseases whether they result from hemodynamic changes, renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, kidney tissue fibrosis or inflammation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of HMGB1 in kidney diseases and how the HMGB1-mediated signaling pathway may constitute a new strategy for the treatment of kidney diseases. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.展开更多
文摘Background： Chronic kidney disease has become a leading public health concern in China, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. However, the overall situation regarding common glomerular diseases in China remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the national profile of the common types ofglomerulonephritis in China. Methods： We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and Wanfang databases for English and Chinese language articles from inception to September 2017. We also collected potentially relevant studies and reviews using a manual search. The fbllowing words in combinations are as keywords： ＂renal biopsy＂, ＂kidney pathological diagnosis＂, and ＂spectrum of pathological types＂. Results： We identified 23 studies involving 176,355 patients from 15 provinces/cities in China. The detection rates of primary glomerulonephritis （PGN） and secondary glomerulonephritis （SGN） were 0.740 and 0.221, respectively. Over the past 30 years, the top five types of PGN were immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN; 24.3%）, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN; 10.5%）, membranous nephropathy （MN; 12.6%）, minimal change disease （MCD; 9.8%）, and tbcal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSGS; 4.6%）, and the top four types of SGN were lupus nephritis （LN; 8.6%）, Henoch-Sch6nlein purpura glomerulonephritis （4.1%）, hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis （HBV-GN; 2.6%）, and diabetic nephropathy （DN; 1.6%）. The proportion of MN, MCD, HBV-GN, and DN tended to increase, while those of IgAN, MsPGN, FSGS, and LN tended to drop. Conclusions： Although the incidence of SGN is increasing gradually, PGN is still the leading lbrm of kidney disease in patients undergoing renal biopsies in China. IgAN and LN are the most common types of PGN and SGN, respectively. Differences between regions are related to various factors such as nationality, environment, and diet. Furthermore, unified standards and norms
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant.81270792,81470939 and 81170664)State"1025"Science and Technology Support Project(2012BAI03B02)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20120101110018)
文摘Background:Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP)is one of the most common vasculitides in children.It is manifested by skin purpura,arthritis,abdominal pain,renal involvement,etc.Typically,HSP is considered to be self-limiting,although renal involvement(HSP purpura nephritis,HSPN)is the principal cause of morbidity from this disease.For this reason,it is important to clarify the mechanism of onset and clinical manifestations of HSPN and to ascertain the most appropriate treatment for HSPN.In this article,we review the updated pathophysiology and treatment strategies for HSPN.Data sources:We searched databases including PubMed,Elsevier and Wanfang for the folowing key words:Henoch-Schönlein purpura,nephritis,mechanism and treatment,and we selected those publications written in English that we judged to be relevant to the topic of this review.Results:Based on the data present in the literature,we reviewed the following topics:1)the possible pathogenesis of HSPN:several studies suggest that immunoglobulin A immune complexes deposit in the mesangium and induce renal injury;2)multiple-drug treatment for HSPN:although there have been few evidence-based treatment strategies for HSPN,several studies have suggested that immunosuppressive drugs and multiple drug combination therapy were effective in ameliorating proteinuria and histological severity.Conclusions:HSPN is a severe disease of childhood.To better understand this disease,detailed investigations into the pathogenesis of HSPN and prospective randomized controlled treatment studies on children with severe HSPN are needed.
基金Thisstudywassuportedfromgrantsfor211keyprojectsofSunYatSenUniversityofMedicalSciences (No .981 51 7)
文摘To investigate the role of IL-17 in the overproduction of autoantibodies and IL-6 overexpression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of lupus nephritis (LN) patients Methods Fifteen consecutively hospitalized LN patients were selected as subjects and 15 healthy adults as normal controls PBMC were obtained by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation IgG, anti-dsDNA antibody and IL-6 protein levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on the supernatant of cul tured PBMC of LN patients or normal controls IL-6 mRNA levels in PBMC were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Results In medium culture, IgG, anti-dsDNA and IL-6 protein levels of the supernatant of PBMC from LN patients were significantly higher than those from normal controls (1492 1±73 2 ng/ml vs 636 7±51 9 ng/ml for IgG, 306 6±53 7 IU/ml vs 95 8±11 6 IU/ml for anti-dsDNA and 50 92±15 92 ng/ml vs 1 77±0 73 ng/ml for IL-6, all P<0 001) In LN patients, IgG, anti-dsDNA and IL-6 protein levels were higher in the supernatants of PBMC in the IL-17-stimulated culture than the medium culture, but in normal controls, only the IL-6 protein levels were significantly higher The increase in IgG, anti-dsDNA and IL-6 protein levels induced by IL-17 was dose-dependent and could be completely blocked by IL-17 monoclonal antibody mIgG 28 and partially blocked by dexamethasone Similarly, IL-6 mRNA overexpression of PBMC in LN patients or normal controls induced by IL-17 was both dose- and time-dependent During medium culture, IL-6 mRNA levels in LN patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls (1 80±0 11 vs 0 36±0 07) During stimulation with IL-17, IL-6 mRNA levels in LN patients were higher than those in normal controls (3 21±0 24 vs 1 30±0 14, P<0 05) and also significantly higher when comparing the stimulated culture with the medium culture either in LN patients or normal control Conclusions IL-17 may play an important role
基金funded by the New Xiangya Talent Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(No.20150218)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-13-0605)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81102512)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.14JJ7001)
文摘High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that can bind to DNA and act as a co-factor for gene transcription. When released into extracellular fluid, it plays a proinflammatory role by acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) (also known as an alarmin) to initiate innate immune responses by activating multiple cell surface receptors such as the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR2, TLR4 or TLR9. This proinflammatory role is now considered to be important in the pathogenesis of a wide range of kidney diseases whether they result from hemodynamic changes, renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, kidney tissue fibrosis or inflammation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of HMGB1 in kidney diseases and how the HMGB1-mediated signaling pathway may constitute a new strategy for the treatment of kidney diseases. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
