Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and clinical explorations. Here, we demonstrate the...Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and clinical explorations. Here, we demonstrate the recent advances of intelligent cancer nanomedicine, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their structure-function relationship for smart and efficient cancer nanomedicine including various imaging and therapeutic applications, as well as nanotoxicity. In particular, a few emerging strategies that have advanced cancer nanomedicine are also highlighted as the emerging focus such as tumor imprisonment, supramolecular chemotherapy, and DNA nanorobot. The challenge and outlook of some scientific and engineering issues are also discussed in future development. We wish to highlight these new progress of precise nanomedicine with the ultimate goal to inspire more successful explorations of intelligent nanoparticles for future clinical translations.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease are highly debilitating. There are inconsistencies in response to and side effects in the current conventional medications, failures in adequate drug deli...Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease are highly debilitating. There are inconsistencies in response to and side effects in the current conventional medications, failures in adequate drug delivery, and the lack of therapeutics to offer complete remission in the presently available treatments of IBD. This suggests the need to explore beyond the horizons of conventional approaches in IBD therapeutics. This review examines the arena of the evolving IBD nanomedicine, studied so far in animal and in vitro models, before comprehensive clinical testing in humans. The investigations carried out so far in IBD models have provided substantial evidence of the nanotherapeutic approach as having the potential to overcome some of the current drawbacks to conventional IBD therapy. We analyze the pros and cons of nanotechnology in IBD therapies studied in different models, aimed at different targets and mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis, in an attempt to predict its possible impact in humans.展开更多
In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery system...In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells.This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells.It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action.Overall,this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems,which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.展开更多
Carbon quantum dots （CQDs） have emerged as potential alternatives to classical metal-based semiconductor quantum dots （QDs） due to the abundance of their precursors, their ease of synthesis, high biocompatibility,...Carbon quantum dots （CQDs） have emerged as potential alternatives to classical metal-based semiconductor quantum dots （QDs） due to the abundance of their precursors, their ease of synthesis, high biocompatibility, low cost, and particularly their strong photoresponsiveness, tunability, and stability. Light is a versatile, tunable stimulus that can provide spatiotemporal control. Its interaction with CQDs elicits interesting responses such as wavelength-dependent optical emissions, charge/electron transfer, and heat generation, processes that are suitable for a range of photomediated bioapplications. The carbogenic core and surface characteristics of CQDs can be tuned through versatile engineering strategies to endow specific optical and physicochemical properties, while conjugation with specific moieties can enable the design of targeted probes. Fundamental approaches to tune the responses of CQDs to photo-interactions and the design of bionanoprobes are presented, which enable biomedical applications involving diagnostics and therapeutics. These strategies represent comprehensive platforms for engineering multifunctional probes for nanomedicine, and the design of QD probes with a range of metal-free and emer^in~ 2D materials.展开更多
Cancer immunotherapy has veered the paradigm of cancer treatment.Despite recent advances in immunotherapy for improved antitumor efficacy,the complicated tumor microenvironment(TME)is highly immunosuppressive,yielding...Cancer immunotherapy has veered the paradigm of cancer treatment.Despite recent advances in immunotherapy for improved antitumor efficacy,the complicated tumor microenvironment(TME)is highly immunosuppressive,yielding both astounding and unsatisfactory clinical successes.In this regard,clinical outcomes of currently available immunotherapy are confined to the varied immune systems owing in large part to the lack of understanding of the complexity and diversity of the immune context of the TME.Various advanced designs of nanomedicines could still not fully surmount the delivery barriers of the TME.The immunosuppressive TME may even dampen the efficacy of antitumor immunity.Recently,some nanotechnology-related strategies have been inaugurated to modulate the immunosuppressive cells within the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)for robust immunotherapeutic responses.In this review,we will highlight the current understanding of the immunosuppressive TIME and identify disparate subclasses of TIME that possess an impact on immunotherapy,especially those unique classes associated with the immunosuppressive effect.The immunoregulatory cell types inside the immunosuppressive TIME will be delineated along with the existing and potential approaches for immunosuppressive cell modulation.After introducing the various strategies,we will ultimately outline both the novel therapeutic targets and the potential issues that affect the efficacy of TIME-based nanomedicines.展开更多
The development of cancer nanotherapeutics has attracted great interest in the recent decade. Cancer nanotherapeutics have overcome several limitations of conventional therapies, such as nonspecific biodistribution, p...The development of cancer nanotherapeutics has attracted great interest in the recent decade. Cancer nanotherapeutics have overcome several limitations of conventional therapies, such as nonspecific biodistribution, poor water solubility, and limited bioavailability. Nanoparticles with tuned size and surface characteristics are the key components of nanotherapeutics, and are designed to passively or actively deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumor cells. We provide an overview of nanoparticle-based drug delivery methods and cancer therapies based on tumor-targeting delivery strategies that have been developed in recent years.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease normally caused by interrupted blood supply to the brain.Ischemia would initiate the cascade reaction consisted of multiple biochemical events in the damaged areas of the b...Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease normally caused by interrupted blood supply to the brain.Ischemia would initiate the cascade reaction consisted of multiple biochemical events in the damaged areas of the brain,where the ischemic cascade eventually leads to cell death and brain infarction.Extensive researches focusing on different stages of the cascade reaction have been conducted with the aim of curing ischemic stroke.However,traditional treatment methods based on antithrombotic therapy and neuroprotective therapy are greatly limited for their poor safety and treatment efficacy.Nanomedicine provides new possibilities for treating stroke as they could improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in vivo,achieve effective drug accumulation at the target site,enhance the therapeutic effect and meanwhile reduce the side effect.In this review,we comprehensively describe the pathophysiology of stroke,traditional treatment strategies and emerging nanomedicines,summarize the barriers and methods for transporting nanomedicine to the lesions,and illustrate the latest progress of nanomedicine in treating ischemic stroke,with a view to providing a new feasible path for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.展开更多
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems(Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such...Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems(Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such as low drug loading, premature drug leakage and carrier-related toxicity.Recently, pure drug nano-assemblies(PDNAs), fabricated by the self-assembly or co-assembly of pure drug molecules, have attracted considerable attention. Their facile and reproducible preparation technique helps to remove the bottleneck of nanomedicines including quality control, scale-up production and clinical translation. Acting as both carriers and cargos, the carrier-free PDNAs have an ultra-high or even100% drug loading. In addition, combination therapies based on PDNAs could possibly address the most intractable problems in cancer treatment, such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In the present review, the latest development of PDNAs for cancer treatment is overviewed. First, PDNAs are classified according to the composition of drug molecules, and the assembly mechanisms are discussed. Furthermore, the co-delivery of PDNAs for combination therapies is summarized, with special focus on the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Finally, future prospects and challenges of PDNAs for efficient cancer therapy are spotlighted.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11621505, 11435002, 31671016)
文摘Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and clinical explorations. Here, we demonstrate the recent advances of intelligent cancer nanomedicine, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their structure-function relationship for smart and efficient cancer nanomedicine including various imaging and therapeutic applications, as well as nanotoxicity. In particular, a few emerging strategies that have advanced cancer nanomedicine are also highlighted as the emerging focus such as tumor imprisonment, supramolecular chemotherapy, and DNA nanorobot. The challenge and outlook of some scientific and engineering issues are also discussed in future development. We wish to highlight these new progress of precise nanomedicine with the ultimate goal to inspire more successful explorations of intelligent nanoparticles for future clinical translations.
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease are highly debilitating. There are inconsistencies in response to and side effects in the current conventional medications, failures in adequate drug delivery, and the lack of therapeutics to offer complete remission in the presently available treatments of IBD. This suggests the need to explore beyond the horizons of conventional approaches in IBD therapeutics. This review examines the arena of the evolving IBD nanomedicine, studied so far in animal and in vitro models, before comprehensive clinical testing in humans. The investigations carried out so far in IBD models have provided substantial evidence of the nanotherapeutic approach as having the potential to overcome some of the current drawbacks to conventional IBD therapy. We analyze the pros and cons of nanotechnology in IBD therapies studied in different models, aimed at different targets and mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis, in an attempt to predict its possible impact in humans.
文摘In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells.This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells.It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action.Overall,this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems,which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.
文摘Carbon quantum dots （CQDs） have emerged as potential alternatives to classical metal-based semiconductor quantum dots （QDs） due to the abundance of their precursors, their ease of synthesis, high biocompatibility, low cost, and particularly their strong photoresponsiveness, tunability, and stability. Light is a versatile, tunable stimulus that can provide spatiotemporal control. Its interaction with CQDs elicits interesting responses such as wavelength-dependent optical emissions, charge/electron transfer, and heat generation, processes that are suitable for a range of photomediated bioapplications. The carbogenic core and surface characteristics of CQDs can be tuned through versatile engineering strategies to endow specific optical and physicochemical properties, while conjugation with specific moieties can enable the design of targeted probes. Fundamental approaches to tune the responses of CQDs to photo-interactions and the design of bionanoprobes are presented, which enable biomedical applications involving diagnostics and therapeutics. These strategies represent comprehensive platforms for engineering multifunctional probes for nanomedicine, and the design of QD probes with a range of metal-free and emer^in~ 2D materials.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773283 and 81701684)
文摘Cancer immunotherapy has veered the paradigm of cancer treatment.Despite recent advances in immunotherapy for improved antitumor efficacy,the complicated tumor microenvironment(TME)is highly immunosuppressive,yielding both astounding and unsatisfactory clinical successes.In this regard,clinical outcomes of currently available immunotherapy are confined to the varied immune systems owing in large part to the lack of understanding of the complexity and diversity of the immune context of the TME.Various advanced designs of nanomedicines could still not fully surmount the delivery barriers of the TME.The immunosuppressive TME may even dampen the efficacy of antitumor immunity.Recently,some nanotechnology-related strategies have been inaugurated to modulate the immunosuppressive cells within the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)for robust immunotherapeutic responses.In this review,we will highlight the current understanding of the immunosuppressive TIME and identify disparate subclasses of TIME that possess an impact on immunotherapy,especially those unique classes associated with the immunosuppressive effect.The immunoregulatory cell types inside the immunosuppressive TIME will be delineated along with the existing and potential approaches for immunosuppressive cell modulation.After introducing the various strategies,we will ultimately outline both the novel therapeutic targets and the potential issues that affect the efficacy of TIME-based nanomedicines.
文摘The development of cancer nanotherapeutics has attracted great interest in the recent decade. Cancer nanotherapeutics have overcome several limitations of conventional therapies, such as nonspecific biodistribution, poor water solubility, and limited bioavailability. Nanoparticles with tuned size and surface characteristics are the key components of nanotherapeutics, and are designed to passively or actively deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumor cells. We provide an overview of nanoparticle-based drug delivery methods and cancer therapies based on tumor-targeting delivery strategies that have been developed in recent years.
基金the support from the International Cooperative project of the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFE0126900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81872808)+2 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(18XD1400500,China)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018SHZDZX01,China)ZJ Lab
文摘Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease normally caused by interrupted blood supply to the brain.Ischemia would initiate the cascade reaction consisted of multiple biochemical events in the damaged areas of the brain,where the ischemic cascade eventually leads to cell death and brain infarction.Extensive researches focusing on different stages of the cascade reaction have been conducted with the aim of curing ischemic stroke.However,traditional treatment methods based on antithrombotic therapy and neuroprotective therapy are greatly limited for their poor safety and treatment efficacy.Nanomedicine provides new possibilities for treating stroke as they could improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in vivo,achieve effective drug accumulation at the target site,enhance the therapeutic effect and meanwhile reduce the side effect.In this review,we comprehensively describe the pathophysiology of stroke,traditional treatment strategies and emerging nanomedicines,summarize the barriers and methods for transporting nanomedicine to the lesions,and illustrate the latest progress of nanomedicine in treating ischemic stroke,with a view to providing a new feasible path for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
基金supported by Liaoning Science&Technology project(2019-ZD-0465,China)。
文摘Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems(Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such as low drug loading, premature drug leakage and carrier-related toxicity.Recently, pure drug nano-assemblies(PDNAs), fabricated by the self-assembly or co-assembly of pure drug molecules, have attracted considerable attention. Their facile and reproducible preparation technique helps to remove the bottleneck of nanomedicines including quality control, scale-up production and clinical translation. Acting as both carriers and cargos, the carrier-free PDNAs have an ultra-high or even100% drug loading. In addition, combination therapies based on PDNAs could possibly address the most intractable problems in cancer treatment, such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In the present review, the latest development of PDNAs for cancer treatment is overviewed. First, PDNAs are classified according to the composition of drug molecules, and the assembly mechanisms are discussed. Furthermore, the co-delivery of PDNAs for combination therapies is summarized, with special focus on the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Finally, future prospects and challenges of PDNAs for efficient cancer therapy are spotlighted.
