Over 400 researchers from 31 countries attended Carbon 2004, an international Carbon conference, held in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, from July 11-16, 2004. About 494 presentations (287 oral, 207 posters) at this co...Over 400 researchers from 31 countries attended Carbon 2004, an international Carbon conference, held in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, from July 11-16, 2004. About 494 presentations (287 oral, 207 posters) at this conference covered the following 13 areas: Adsorption and gas storage, Biological and medical application, Carbon nanomaterials, Chars/cokes and industrial applications, Electronic/Electrochemical properties and applications, Flame formed carbons, Materials characterization/techniques, Membranes/pyrocarbons and diamond films, Novel forms and chemically modified carbons, Porous carbons/activations, Precursor chemistry/carbonization and graphitization, Reactivity/catalysis and surface science, Structural carbons/fibers and composites. Carbon nanomaterials and nanostructure were highlighted at this conference, 12 of all 48 oral sessions and 112 of all 494 papers being on this topic. A pre-(conference) workshop, A Colloquium on Carbon Nanoforms, and three of the four plenary lectures reported the latest (development) and showed us the current trends in research on Carbon nanomaterials. At this conference, the idea was emphasized that the "nano" concept now not only represents some kinds of materials and structure, but also, much more important, brings us a new insight to carbon materials, novel or conventional. Carbon scientists firmly believe that they are trying to create the "golden age" of Carbon materials.Blood coagulation resistance of nonwoven single-walled carbon nanotubes and its implications for implantable prosthesesMENG Jie^1,SONG Li^2,KONG Hua^1,WANG Chao-ying^2,GUO Xiao-tian^1,XU Hai-yan^1,XIE Si-shen^2(1. Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China;2. Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100080, China)Abstract:The anticoagulation property of a SWNT membrane is investigated in blood-contacting environments. The adsorption behaviors of fibrinogen, albumin and fresh plasma on SWNT membrane wer展开更多
Almost all written languages currently used in the world are alphabetic or phonologically-based scripts (e.g., English) whose word recognition involves discrimination of one-dimensional linear combinations of several ...Almost all written languages currently used in the world are alphabetic or phonologically-based scripts (e.g., English) whose word recognition involves discrimination of one-dimensional linear combinations of several dozens of letters or phonological units, except written Chinese whose vocabulary consists of a large number of block characters, the analysis of which relies on the extraction of 2-dimensional form information at multiple levels including radical, character, and multiple-character word. Whether the dramatic contrast between the 2 types of orthography leads to distinctive mental processes is a fundamental question in psycholinguistic research unanswered in the past three decades. Using event-related potentials and visual lexical decision tasks, we asked native Chinese speakers to discriminate between real Chinese words and pseudoor non-words and observed a widespread negative deflection with centro-parietal focus elicited 200 ms post-stimulus onset. This N200 response showed a clear and large amplitude enhancement upon word repetition and seems to be specific to Chinese as no similar effects had been reported in word recognition studies involving alphabetic scripts under similar experimental conditions. Further evidence showed that this N200 could not be attributed to non-linguistic sensori-perceptual processes, nor phonological or semantic processes, but likely reflects very early identification of the orthography of individual words involving extensive and higher-level visual analysis. Recently the first author proposed a meaning-spelling theory of written Chinese vocabulary proposing that the Chinese and alphabetic scripts are the only 2 possible logical types of mature human writing systems, and that the former is more thoroughly a visual language compared with the latter and thus shall emphasize more of visual processing. Reinforcing each other, the meaning-spelling theory and the discovery of the centro-parietal N200 reveal the uniqueness of Chinese both theoretically and empirically, and provid展开更多
The perception of complex auditory information such as complete speech sequences develops during human ontogeny. In order to explore age differences in the auditory perception of predictable speech sequences we compar...The perception of complex auditory information such as complete speech sequences develops during human ontogeny. In order to explore age differences in the auditory perception of predictable speech sequences we compared event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in 5- to 6-year-old children (N = 15) and adults (N = 15) in response to anticipated speech sequences as successive and reverse digital series with randomly omitted digits. The ERPs obtained from the omitted digits significantly differed in the amplitude and latency of the N200 and P300 components between adults and children, the N400 and LPC components were more pronounced in children in the right frontal area for the digits presentation. These findings indicate that the perception of a successive speech structure is less automated in children and requires a detailed analysis of the successive structure and error detection. These differences in auditory ERPs reflect developmental changes in the auditory perception of speech sequences and can serve as indicators of the maturity of cognitive functions in children.展开更多
Auditory brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide a method of non-muscular commu-nication and control for late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, who have impaired eye movements or compromised vision. ...Auditory brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide a method of non-muscular commu-nication and control for late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, who have impaired eye movements or compromised vision. In this study, random sequences of spoken digits were presented as auditory stimulation. According the protocol, the subject should pay attention to target digits and ignore non-target digits. EEG data were recorded and the components of P300 and N200 were extracted as features for pattern recognition. Fisher classifier was designed and provided likelihood estimates for the Dynamic Stopping Criterion (DSC). Dynamic data collection was controlled by a threshold of the posterior probabilities which were continually updated with each additional measurement. In addition, the experiment would be stopped and the decision was made once the probabilities were above the threshold. The results showed that this paradigm could effectively evoke the characteristic EEG, and the DSC algorithm could improve the accuracy and communication rate.展开更多
文摘Over 400 researchers from 31 countries attended Carbon 2004, an international Carbon conference, held in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, from July 11-16, 2004. About 494 presentations (287 oral, 207 posters) at this conference covered the following 13 areas: Adsorption and gas storage, Biological and medical application, Carbon nanomaterials, Chars/cokes and industrial applications, Electronic/Electrochemical properties and applications, Flame formed carbons, Materials characterization/techniques, Membranes/pyrocarbons and diamond films, Novel forms and chemically modified carbons, Porous carbons/activations, Precursor chemistry/carbonization and graphitization, Reactivity/catalysis and surface science, Structural carbons/fibers and composites. Carbon nanomaterials and nanostructure were highlighted at this conference, 12 of all 48 oral sessions and 112 of all 494 papers being on this topic. A pre-(conference) workshop, A Colloquium on Carbon Nanoforms, and three of the four plenary lectures reported the latest (development) and showed us the current trends in research on Carbon nanomaterials. At this conference, the idea was emphasized that the "nano" concept now not only represents some kinds of materials and structure, but also, much more important, brings us a new insight to carbon materials, novel or conventional. Carbon scientists firmly believe that they are trying to create the "golden age" of Carbon materials.Blood coagulation resistance of nonwoven single-walled carbon nanotubes and its implications for implantable prosthesesMENG Jie^1,SONG Li^2,KONG Hua^1,WANG Chao-ying^2,GUO Xiao-tian^1,XU Hai-yan^1,XIE Si-shen^2(1. Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China;2. Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100080, China)Abstract:The anticoagulation property of a SWNT membrane is investigated in blood-contacting environments. The adsorption behaviors of fibrinogen, albumin and fresh plasma on SWNT membrane wer
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670702)the Direct Grant from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (2020940)
文摘Almost all written languages currently used in the world are alphabetic or phonologically-based scripts (e.g., English) whose word recognition involves discrimination of one-dimensional linear combinations of several dozens of letters or phonological units, except written Chinese whose vocabulary consists of a large number of block characters, the analysis of which relies on the extraction of 2-dimensional form information at multiple levels including radical, character, and multiple-character word. Whether the dramatic contrast between the 2 types of orthography leads to distinctive mental processes is a fundamental question in psycholinguistic research unanswered in the past three decades. Using event-related potentials and visual lexical decision tasks, we asked native Chinese speakers to discriminate between real Chinese words and pseudoor non-words and observed a widespread negative deflection with centro-parietal focus elicited 200 ms post-stimulus onset. This N200 response showed a clear and large amplitude enhancement upon word repetition and seems to be specific to Chinese as no similar effects had been reported in word recognition studies involving alphabetic scripts under similar experimental conditions. Further evidence showed that this N200 could not be attributed to non-linguistic sensori-perceptual processes, nor phonological or semantic processes, but likely reflects very early identification of the orthography of individual words involving extensive and higher-level visual analysis. Recently the first author proposed a meaning-spelling theory of written Chinese vocabulary proposing that the Chinese and alphabetic scripts are the only 2 possible logical types of mature human writing systems, and that the former is more thoroughly a visual language compared with the latter and thus shall emphasize more of visual processing. Reinforcing each other, the meaning-spelling theory and the discovery of the centro-parietal N200 reveal the uniqueness of Chinese both theoretically and empirically, and provid
文摘The perception of complex auditory information such as complete speech sequences develops during human ontogeny. In order to explore age differences in the auditory perception of predictable speech sequences we compared event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in 5- to 6-year-old children (N = 15) and adults (N = 15) in response to anticipated speech sequences as successive and reverse digital series with randomly omitted digits. The ERPs obtained from the omitted digits significantly differed in the amplitude and latency of the N200 and P300 components between adults and children, the N400 and LPC components were more pronounced in children in the right frontal area for the digits presentation. These findings indicate that the perception of a successive speech structure is less automated in children and requires a detailed analysis of the successive structure and error detection. These differences in auditory ERPs reflect developmental changes in the auditory perception of speech sequences and can serve as indicators of the maturity of cognitive functions in children.
文摘Auditory brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide a method of non-muscular commu-nication and control for late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, who have impaired eye movements or compromised vision. In this study, random sequences of spoken digits were presented as auditory stimulation. According the protocol, the subject should pay attention to target digits and ignore non-target digits. EEG data were recorded and the components of P300 and N200 were extracted as features for pattern recognition. Fisher classifier was designed and provided likelihood estimates for the Dynamic Stopping Criterion (DSC). Dynamic data collection was controlled by a threshold of the posterior probabilities which were continually updated with each additional measurement. In addition, the experiment would be stopped and the decision was made once the probabilities were above the threshold. The results showed that this paradigm could effectively evoke the characteristic EEG, and the DSC algorithm could improve the accuracy and communication rate.
