AIM: To study gastric mucosal interleukine-8 (IL-8) mRNA expression, the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) mutation, and serum pepsinogen (PG)?I/II ratio related risk in Thai gastric cancer.METHODS: There were consen...AIM: To study gastric mucosal interleukine-8 (IL-8) mRNA expression, the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) mutation, and serum pepsinogen (PG)?I/II ratio related risk in Thai gastric cancer.METHODS: There were consent 134 Thai non-cancer volunteers who underwent endoscopic narrow band imaging examination, and 86 Thais advance gastric cancer patients who underwent endoscopic mucosal biopsies and gastric surgery. Tissue samples were taken by endoscopy with 3 points biopsies. The serum PG?I, II, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody for H. pylori were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The histopathology description of gastric cancer and non-cancer with H. pylori detection was defined with modified Sydney Score System. Gastric mucosal tissue H. pylori DNA was extracted and genotyped for cagA mutation. Tissue IL-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression were conducted by real time relative quantitation polymerase chain reaction. From 17 Japanese advance gastric cancer and 12 benign gastric tissue samples, all were tested for genetic expression with same methods as well as Thai gastric mucosal tissue samples. The multivariate analysis was used for the risk study. Correlation and standardized t-test were done for quantitative data, P value < 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant.RESULTS: There is a high non cagA gene of 86.8 per cent in Thai gastric cancer although there are high yields of the East Asian type in the positive cagA. The H. pylori infection prevalence in this study is reported by combined histopathology and H. pylori IgG antibody test with 77.1% and 97.4% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The serum PG?I/II ratio in gastric cancer is significantly lower than in the non-cancer group, P = 0.045. The serum PG?I/II ratio of less than 3.0 and IL-8 mRNA expression ≥ 100 or log10 ≥ 2 are significant cut off risk differences between Thai cancer and non-cancer, P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively. There is a significantly lower PG展开更多
A measure of the“goodness”or efficiency of the test suite is used to determine the proficiency of a test suite.The appropriateness of the test suite is determined through mutation analysis.Several Finite State Machi...A measure of the“goodness”or efficiency of the test suite is used to determine the proficiency of a test suite.The appropriateness of the test suite is determined through mutation analysis.Several Finite State Machine(FSM)mutants are produced in mutation analysis by injecting errors against hypotheses.These mutants serve as test subjects for the test suite(TS).The effectiveness of the test suite is proportional to the number of eliminated mutants.The most effective test suite is the one that removes the most significant number of mutants at the optimal time.It is difficult to determine the fault detection ratio of the system.Because it is difficult to identify the system’s potential flaws precisely.In mutation testing,the Fault Detection Ratio(FDR)metric is currently used to express the adequacy of a test suite.However,there are some issues with this metric.If both test suites have the same defect detection rate,the smaller of the two tests is preferred.The test case(TC)is affected by the same issue.The smaller two test cases with identical performance are assumed to have superior performance.Another difficulty involves time.The performance of numerous vehicles claiming to have a perfect mutant capture time is problematic.Our study developed three metrics to address these issues:FDR/|TS|,FDR/|TC|,and FDR/|Time|;In this context,most used test generation tools were examined and tested using the developed metrics.Thanks to the metrics we have developed,the research contributes to eliminating the problems related to performance measurement by integrating the missing parameters into the system.展开更多
基金Supported by JSPS Ronpaku (Dissertation PhD) program (No.NRCT 10726) award by Japan Society for the Promotion of Scince and in collaboration with Kobe University School of Medicine,Kobe,JapanJSPS Asian CORE Program 2012,Nippon Medical Schoolthe Faculty of Medicine,Chiang Mai University,Chiang Mai,Thailand (in part)
文摘AIM: To study gastric mucosal interleukine-8 (IL-8) mRNA expression, the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) mutation, and serum pepsinogen (PG)?I/II ratio related risk in Thai gastric cancer.METHODS: There were consent 134 Thai non-cancer volunteers who underwent endoscopic narrow band imaging examination, and 86 Thais advance gastric cancer patients who underwent endoscopic mucosal biopsies and gastric surgery. Tissue samples were taken by endoscopy with 3 points biopsies. The serum PG?I, II, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody for H. pylori were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The histopathology description of gastric cancer and non-cancer with H. pylori detection was defined with modified Sydney Score System. Gastric mucosal tissue H. pylori DNA was extracted and genotyped for cagA mutation. Tissue IL-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression were conducted by real time relative quantitation polymerase chain reaction. From 17 Japanese advance gastric cancer and 12 benign gastric tissue samples, all were tested for genetic expression with same methods as well as Thai gastric mucosal tissue samples. The multivariate analysis was used for the risk study. Correlation and standardized t-test were done for quantitative data, P value < 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant.RESULTS: There is a high non cagA gene of 86.8 per cent in Thai gastric cancer although there are high yields of the East Asian type in the positive cagA. The H. pylori infection prevalence in this study is reported by combined histopathology and H. pylori IgG antibody test with 77.1% and 97.4% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The serum PG?I/II ratio in gastric cancer is significantly lower than in the non-cancer group, P = 0.045. The serum PG?I/II ratio of less than 3.0 and IL-8 mRNA expression ≥ 100 or log10 ≥ 2 are significant cut off risk differences between Thai cancer and non-cancer, P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively. There is a significantly lower PG
文摘A measure of the“goodness”or efficiency of the test suite is used to determine the proficiency of a test suite.The appropriateness of the test suite is determined through mutation analysis.Several Finite State Machine(FSM)mutants are produced in mutation analysis by injecting errors against hypotheses.These mutants serve as test subjects for the test suite(TS).The effectiveness of the test suite is proportional to the number of eliminated mutants.The most effective test suite is the one that removes the most significant number of mutants at the optimal time.It is difficult to determine the fault detection ratio of the system.Because it is difficult to identify the system’s potential flaws precisely.In mutation testing,the Fault Detection Ratio(FDR)metric is currently used to express the adequacy of a test suite.However,there are some issues with this metric.If both test suites have the same defect detection rate,the smaller of the two tests is preferred.The test case(TC)is affected by the same issue.The smaller two test cases with identical performance are assumed to have superior performance.Another difficulty involves time.The performance of numerous vehicles claiming to have a perfect mutant capture time is problematic.Our study developed three metrics to address these issues:FDR/|TS|,FDR/|TC|,and FDR/|Time|;In this context,most used test generation tools were examined and tested using the developed metrics.Thanks to the metrics we have developed,the research contributes to eliminating the problems related to performance measurement by integrating the missing parameters into the system.
