Reliable and accessible cloud applications are essential for the future of ubiquitous computing,smart appliances,and electronic health.Owing to the vastness and diversity of the cloud,a most cloud services,both physic...Reliable and accessible cloud applications are essential for the future of ubiquitous computing,smart appliances,and electronic health.Owing to the vastness and diversity of the cloud,a most cloud services,both physical and logical services have failed.Using currently accessible traces,we assessed and characterized the behaviors of successful and unsuccessful activities.We devised and implemented a method to forecast which jobs will fail.The proposed method optimizes cloud applications more efficiently in terms of resource usage.Using Google Cluster,Mustang,and Trinity traces,which are publicly available,an in-depth evaluation of the proposed model was conducted.The traces were also fed into several different machine learning models to select the most reliable model.Our efficiency analysis proves that the model performs well in terms of accuracy,F1-score,and recall.Several factors,such as failure of forecasting work,design of scheduling algorithms,modification of priority criteria,and restriction of task resubmission,may increase cloud service dependability and availability.展开更多
Changes in population structure and plant functional traits across environmental gradient in the near natural treeline is a critical determinant of environmental changes in treelines. In this study we analyzed populat...Changes in population structure and plant functional traits across environmental gradient in the near natural treeline is a critical determinant of environmental changes in treelines. In this study we analyzed population characteristics and leaf traits of Rhododendron campanulatum across treeline ecotone in a trans-Himalayan region of Mustang district in central Nepal. Along 4 vertical transects, a total of 72 quadrats(5 m × 5 m)-34 above Betula utilis treeline and 38 below treeline-were sampled to analyze the population structure, regeneration,specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf-stem relationship of R. campanulatum. Our results showed that the regeneration of R. campanulatum was fairly good in both habitats, as evident from density-diameter curve.The species showed type Ⅲ survivorship curve in both habitats with the highest mortality during early stage of life. However, the seedling density and mortality was higher below treeline than above treeline. Canopy cover and basal cover were found to be the major factors affecting regeneration, as indicated by higher number of juveniles in relatively open areas above treeline. The total leaf area increased(p <0.001) with stem cross-section area in both habitats. However, the SLA was higher below treeline(55 cm^2/g) than above(47 cm^2/g)(p < 0.001);it also increased with the canopy cover of trees(R^2 =0.59, p <0.001) below the treeline. In conclusion,high density of juvenile, low mortality of seedlings,and low SLA above treeline indicated that the species has successfully adapted in climatically stressful alpine habitat with potential to expand upward.展开更多
如果要我给美国汽车贴上一个品牌标签,那么肯定是福特汽车,1908年福特T型车以其低廉的价格使汽车作为一种实用工具走入了寻常百姓之家,美国亦自此成为了'车轮上的国度';倘若接着让我给福特找出一个代表作品,那么无论如何我只会...如果要我给美国汽车贴上一个品牌标签,那么肯定是福特汽车,1908年福特T型车以其低廉的价格使汽车作为一种实用工具走入了寻常百姓之家,美国亦自此成为了'车轮上的国度';倘若接着让我给福特找出一个代表作品,那么无论如何我只会给出一个答案:'Ford Mustang',本次对LEGO 10265 Ford Mustang拼砌套装的评测。不但让我对设计师肃然起敬.展开更多
文摘Reliable and accessible cloud applications are essential for the future of ubiquitous computing,smart appliances,and electronic health.Owing to the vastness and diversity of the cloud,a most cloud services,both physical and logical services have failed.Using currently accessible traces,we assessed and characterized the behaviors of successful and unsuccessful activities.We devised and implemented a method to forecast which jobs will fail.The proposed method optimizes cloud applications more efficiently in terms of resource usage.Using Google Cluster,Mustang,and Trinity traces,which are publicly available,an in-depth evaluation of the proposed model was conducted.The traces were also fed into several different machine learning models to select the most reliable model.Our efficiency analysis proves that the model performs well in terms of accuracy,F1-score,and recall.Several factors,such as failure of forecasting work,design of scheduling algorithms,modification of priority criteria,and restriction of task resubmission,may increase cloud service dependability and availability.
基金This research work was supported by WWF Nepal under"The Generation Green"which was provided to first author(KPS)through Resources Himalaya Foundation Nepal under"Building next generation of conservation leaders 2015"MSc dissertation small grant.
文摘Changes in population structure and plant functional traits across environmental gradient in the near natural treeline is a critical determinant of environmental changes in treelines. In this study we analyzed population characteristics and leaf traits of Rhododendron campanulatum across treeline ecotone in a trans-Himalayan region of Mustang district in central Nepal. Along 4 vertical transects, a total of 72 quadrats(5 m × 5 m)-34 above Betula utilis treeline and 38 below treeline-were sampled to analyze the population structure, regeneration,specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf-stem relationship of R. campanulatum. Our results showed that the regeneration of R. campanulatum was fairly good in both habitats, as evident from density-diameter curve.The species showed type Ⅲ survivorship curve in both habitats with the highest mortality during early stage of life. However, the seedling density and mortality was higher below treeline than above treeline. Canopy cover and basal cover were found to be the major factors affecting regeneration, as indicated by higher number of juveniles in relatively open areas above treeline. The total leaf area increased(p <0.001) with stem cross-section area in both habitats. However, the SLA was higher below treeline(55 cm^2/g) than above(47 cm^2/g)(p < 0.001);it also increased with the canopy cover of trees(R^2 =0.59, p <0.001) below the treeline. In conclusion,high density of juvenile, low mortality of seedlings,and low SLA above treeline indicated that the species has successfully adapted in climatically stressful alpine habitat with potential to expand upward.
文摘如果要我给美国汽车贴上一个品牌标签,那么肯定是福特汽车,1908年福特T型车以其低廉的价格使汽车作为一种实用工具走入了寻常百姓之家,美国亦自此成为了'车轮上的国度';倘若接着让我给福特找出一个代表作品,那么无论如何我只会给出一个答案:'Ford Mustang',本次对LEGO 10265 Ford Mustang拼砌套装的评测。不但让我对设计师肃然起敬.
