Industrial development is an essential foundation of the national economy,but the industry is also the largest source of air pollution,of which power plants,iron and steel,building materials,and other industries emit ...Industrial development is an essential foundation of the national economy,but the industry is also the largest source of air pollution,of which power plants,iron and steel,building materials,and other industries emit large amounts of pollutants.Therefore,the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations,and it is against this backdrop that research into air pollution control technologies for key industrial sectors is in full swing.In particular,during the 13th Five-Year Plan,breakthroughs have been made in pollution control technology for key industrial sectors.A multi-pollutant treatment technology system of desulfurization,denitrification,and dust collection,which applies to key industries such as power plants,steel,and building materials,has been developed.High-performance materials for the treatment of different pollutants,such as denitrification catalysts and desulfurization absorbers,were developed.At the same time,multi-pollutant synergistic removal technologies for flue gas in various industries have also become a hot research topic,with important breakthroughs in the synergistic removal of NO_(x),SO_(x),and Hg.Due to the increasingly stringent emission standards and regulations in China,there is still a need to work on the development of multi-pollutant synergistic technologies and further research and development of synergistic abatement technologies for CO_(2) to meet the requirements of ultra-low emissions in industrial sectors.展开更多
Urban air pollution is a commonly concerned environmental problem in the world. Identification of air quality trend using long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the effectiveness of pollution control strat...Urban air pollution is a commonly concerned environmental problem in the world. Identification of air quality trend using long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the effectiveness of pollution control strategies. This study, using data from six monitoring stations in Zhengzhou City, analyzed the changing trend in concentrations of SO2, NOJNO2 and TSP/PM10 in 1996-2008, based on non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen＇s slope estimator, and evaluated the comprehensive air pollution level using Multi-Pollutant Index （MPI）. It was found that the concen- tration of each pollutant exceeded obviously the World Health Organization （WHO） guideline value, but the changing trend varied： SO2 and NO2 were significantly increased mainly due to an increase in coal consumption and vehicle number, while NOx, TSP and PM10 decreased. The air pollution was serious, and differed markedly among the three functional regions： it is the most severe in the Industrial and Residential Area （IRA）, followed by the Transportation Hub and Business District （THBD）, and then the High-tech, Cultural and Educational Area （HCEA）. Different from NO2 concentration that had a similar change trend/rate among the function regions, the change rate of PM10 concentra- tion differed spatially, decreased much more obviously in THBD than other two regions. For the whole city, the com- prehensive air pollution level declined gradually, illustrating that the air quality in Zhengzhou was improved in the last decade.展开更多
The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer...The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer, organophosphorus pesticides and inappropriate disposal of agricultural waste induced water pollution and potentially threaten Agriculture Green Development(AGD). To ensure food security and the food supply capacity of the Yangtze River Basin, it is important to balance green and development, while ensuring the quality of water bodies. Multiple pollutants affect the transfer, adsorption, photolysis and degradation of each other throughout the soil-plant-water system. This paper considers the impact of multi-pollutants on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles especially for crops, which are related to achieving food security and AGD. It presents prospective on theory, modeling and multi-pollutant control in the Yangtze River Basin for AGD that are of potential value for other developing regions.展开更多
Agriculture is an important cause of multiple pollutants in water.With population growth and increasing food demand,more nutrients,plastics,pesticides,pathogens and antibiotics are expected to enter water systems in t...Agriculture is an important cause of multiple pollutants in water.With population growth and increasing food demand,more nutrients,plastics,pesticides,pathogens and antibiotics are expected to enter water systems in the 21st century.As a result,water science has been shifting from singlepollutant to multi-pollutant perspectives for large-scale water quality assessments.This perspective paper summarizes and discusses four main highlights related to water pollution and agriculture from the multi-pollutant perspective.These highlights reveal the spatial and temporal distribution and main sources of multiple pollutants in waters.Based on the highlights,a scientific agenda is proposed to prioritize solutions for sustainable agriculture(UN Sustainable Development Goal 2)and clean water(UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 14).This agenda points out that when formulating solutions for water pollution,it is essential to take into account multiple pollutants and their interactions beyond biogeochemistry.展开更多
The increased occurrence of smoggy days in major Chinese cities is of major concern to the general public. This paper explores the major sources of PM2.5 pollutants, a key contributor to the smog in Beijing, one of Ch...The increased occurrence of smoggy days in major Chinese cities is of major concern to the general public. This paper explores the major sources of PM2.5 pollutants, a key contributor to the smog in Beijing, one of China’s largest cities. Evidence indicates that the secondary PM2.5 particles formed through NOx, SOx, NH3, VOCs, etc. have a strong impact on human health. As a result, PM2.5 pollution control should not simply focus on controlling particulate emission, but should involve adopting an integrated multi-pollutant control strategy. In addition to identifying the major sources of PM2.5, this paper explores its impact on environmental and human health. Although the intention of this research is not to provide solutions for reducing PM2.5 pollution, the paper analyzes the United States’ experience with establishing PM2.5 standards and mandates. Specifically, this paper focuses on the air quality control strategies adopted in California since the 1940s and draws parallels with present-day China. The research suggests that adequate government regulation, public awareness, regional collaboration and industrial compliance are keys to successfully controlling PM2.5 pollution.展开更多
A multiple-pollutant version of CMAQ v4.6 (i.e., CMAQ-MP) has been applied by the US EPA over continental US in 2002 to demonstrate the model’s capability in reproducing the long-term trends of ambient criteria and h...A multiple-pollutant version of CMAQ v4.6 (i.e., CMAQ-MP) has been applied by the US EPA over continental US in 2002 to demonstrate the model’s capability in reproducing the long-term trends of ambient criteria and hazardous air pollutants (CAPs and HAPs, respectively) in support of regulatory analysis for air quality management. In this study, a comprehensive model performance evaluation for the full year of 2002 is performed for the first time for CMAQ-MP using the surface networks and satellite measurements. CMAQ-MP shows a comparable and improved performance for most CAPs species as compared to an older version of CMAQ that did not treat HAPs and used older versions of national emission inventories. CMAQ-MP generally gives better performance for CAPs than for HAPs. Max 8-h ozone (O3) mixing ratios are well reproduced in the O3season. The seasonal-mean performance is fairly good for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfate (SO42-), and mercury (Hg) wet deposition and worse for other CAPs and HAPs species. The reasons for the model biases may be attributed to uncertainties in emissions for some species (e.g., ammonia (NH3), elemental carbon (EC), primary organic aerosol (POA), HAPs), gas/aerosol chemistry treatments (e.g., secondary or- ganic aerosol formation, meteorology (e.g., overestimate in summer precipitation), measurements (e.g., NO3-), and the use of a coarse grid resolution. CMAQ cannot well reproduce spatial and seasonal variations of column variables except for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the ratio of column mass of HCHO/NO2. Possible reasons include inaccurate seasonal allocation or underestimation of emissions, inaccurate BCONs at higher altitudes, lack of model treatments such as mineral dust or plume-in-grid process, and limitations and errors in satellite data retrievals. The process analysis results show that in addition to transport, gas chemistry or aerosol/emissions play the most important roles for O3 or PM2.5, respectively. For most HAPs, emissions are important sources and cloud process展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0214803)。
文摘Industrial development is an essential foundation of the national economy,but the industry is also the largest source of air pollution,of which power plants,iron and steel,building materials,and other industries emit large amounts of pollutants.Therefore,the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations,and it is against this backdrop that research into air pollution control technologies for key industrial sectors is in full swing.In particular,during the 13th Five-Year Plan,breakthroughs have been made in pollution control technology for key industrial sectors.A multi-pollutant treatment technology system of desulfurization,denitrification,and dust collection,which applies to key industries such as power plants,steel,and building materials,has been developed.High-performance materials for the treatment of different pollutants,such as denitrification catalysts and desulfurization absorbers,were developed.At the same time,multi-pollutant synergistic removal technologies for flue gas in various industries have also become a hot research topic,with important breakthroughs in the synergistic removal of NO_(x),SO_(x),and Hg.Due to the increasingly stringent emission standards and regulations in China,there is still a need to work on the development of multi-pollutant synergistic technologies and further research and development of synergistic abatement technologies for CO_(2) to meet the requirements of ultra-low emissions in industrial sectors.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41071063)
文摘Urban air pollution is a commonly concerned environmental problem in the world. Identification of air quality trend using long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the effectiveness of pollution control strategies. This study, using data from six monitoring stations in Zhengzhou City, analyzed the changing trend in concentrations of SO2, NOJNO2 and TSP/PM10 in 1996-2008, based on non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen＇s slope estimator, and evaluated the comprehensive air pollution level using Multi-Pollutant Index （MPI）. It was found that the concen- tration of each pollutant exceeded obviously the World Health Organization （WHO） guideline value, but the changing trend varied： SO2 and NO2 were significantly increased mainly due to an increase in coal consumption and vehicle number, while NOx, TSP and PM10 decreased. The air pollution was serious, and differed markedly among the three functional regions： it is the most severe in the Industrial and Residential Area （IRA）, followed by the Transportation Hub and Business District （THBD）, and then the High-tech, Cultural and Educational Area （HCEA）. Different from NO2 concentration that had a similar change trend/rate among the function regions, the change rate of PM10 concentra- tion differed spatially, decreased much more obviously in THBD than other two regions. For the whole city, the com- prehensive air pollution level declined gradually, illustrating that the air quality in Zhengzhou was improved in the last decade.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2047 and 42107056)the Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)the State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land (Southwest University)。
文摘The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer, organophosphorus pesticides and inappropriate disposal of agricultural waste induced water pollution and potentially threaten Agriculture Green Development(AGD). To ensure food security and the food supply capacity of the Yangtze River Basin, it is important to balance green and development, while ensuring the quality of water bodies. Multiple pollutants affect the transfer, adsorption, photolysis and degradation of each other throughout the soil-plant-water system. This paper considers the impact of multi-pollutants on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles especially for crops, which are related to achieving food security and AGD. It presents prospective on theory, modeling and multi-pollutant control in the Yangtze River Basin for AGD that are of potential value for other developing regions.
基金support of the KNAW-MOST project,"Sustainable Resource Management for Adequate and Safe Food Provision(SURE+)"(PSA-SA-E-01,supporting M.Wang)Dutch Talent Program Veni-NWO project(0.16.Veni.198.001,supporting M.Strokal)+4 种基金supported by China Scholarship Council (201913043)Hainan Universitysupported by the FertiCycle project from the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No.860127supported by Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research (WIMEK) scholarship project No.5160958452supported by the inventWater project from the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie Grant Agreement No.956623
文摘Agriculture is an important cause of multiple pollutants in water.With population growth and increasing food demand,more nutrients,plastics,pesticides,pathogens and antibiotics are expected to enter water systems in the 21st century.As a result,water science has been shifting from singlepollutant to multi-pollutant perspectives for large-scale water quality assessments.This perspective paper summarizes and discusses four main highlights related to water pollution and agriculture from the multi-pollutant perspective.These highlights reveal the spatial and temporal distribution and main sources of multiple pollutants in waters.Based on the highlights,a scientific agenda is proposed to prioritize solutions for sustainable agriculture(UN Sustainable Development Goal 2)and clean water(UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 14).This agenda points out that when formulating solutions for water pollution,it is essential to take into account multiple pollutants and their interactions beyond biogeochemistry.
文摘The increased occurrence of smoggy days in major Chinese cities is of major concern to the general public. This paper explores the major sources of PM2.5 pollutants, a key contributor to the smog in Beijing, one of China’s largest cities. Evidence indicates that the secondary PM2.5 particles formed through NOx, SOx, NH3, VOCs, etc. have a strong impact on human health. As a result, PM2.5 pollution control should not simply focus on controlling particulate emission, but should involve adopting an integrated multi-pollutant control strategy. In addition to identifying the major sources of PM2.5, this paper explores its impact on environmental and human health. Although the intention of this research is not to provide solutions for reducing PM2.5 pollution, the paper analyzes the United States’ experience with establishing PM2.5 standards and mandates. Specifically, this paper focuses on the air quality control strategies adopted in California since the 1940s and draws parallels with present-day China. The research suggests that adequate government regulation, public awareness, regional collaboration and industrial compliance are keys to successfully controlling PM2.5 pollution.
文摘A multiple-pollutant version of CMAQ v4.6 (i.e., CMAQ-MP) has been applied by the US EPA over continental US in 2002 to demonstrate the model’s capability in reproducing the long-term trends of ambient criteria and hazardous air pollutants (CAPs and HAPs, respectively) in support of regulatory analysis for air quality management. In this study, a comprehensive model performance evaluation for the full year of 2002 is performed for the first time for CMAQ-MP using the surface networks and satellite measurements. CMAQ-MP shows a comparable and improved performance for most CAPs species as compared to an older version of CMAQ that did not treat HAPs and used older versions of national emission inventories. CMAQ-MP generally gives better performance for CAPs than for HAPs. Max 8-h ozone (O3) mixing ratios are well reproduced in the O3season. The seasonal-mean performance is fairly good for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfate (SO42-), and mercury (Hg) wet deposition and worse for other CAPs and HAPs species. The reasons for the model biases may be attributed to uncertainties in emissions for some species (e.g., ammonia (NH3), elemental carbon (EC), primary organic aerosol (POA), HAPs), gas/aerosol chemistry treatments (e.g., secondary or- ganic aerosol formation, meteorology (e.g., overestimate in summer precipitation), measurements (e.g., NO3-), and the use of a coarse grid resolution. CMAQ cannot well reproduce spatial and seasonal variations of column variables except for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the ratio of column mass of HCHO/NO2. Possible reasons include inaccurate seasonal allocation or underestimation of emissions, inaccurate BCONs at higher altitudes, lack of model treatments such as mineral dust or plume-in-grid process, and limitations and errors in satellite data retrievals. The process analysis results show that in addition to transport, gas chemistry or aerosol/emissions play the most important roles for O3 or PM2.5, respectively. For most HAPs, emissions are important sources and cloud process
