基于1948-2013年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,采用850 h Pa相对涡度场气旋追踪方法,统计了春季蒙古气旋的活动特征,包括其源地、盛期位置、消亡地以及路径的分布。在此基础上,根据蒙古气旋的不同移动路径,界定了蒙古气旋的两种路径,即向东...基于1948-2013年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,采用850 h Pa相对涡度场气旋追踪方法,统计了春季蒙古气旋的活动特征,包括其源地、盛期位置、消亡地以及路径的分布。在此基础上,根据蒙古气旋的不同移动路径,界定了蒙古气旋的两种路径,即向东路径和东南路径,并统计了这两类气旋的频数与强度的年际和年代际变化。同时还揭示了这两类蒙古气旋的低频背景环流特征。本文主要结论如下：（1）蒙古气旋主要生成于贝加尔湖南侧和东侧的山脉背风坡,并在蒙古东部地区以及我国东北地区达到盛期,多数气旋消亡于东北亚及其临海区域;（2）两类气旋的生成个数均有显著的年代际变化。向东路径气旋在1950年代的个数偏少,1970年代至1990年代的个数整体偏多,之后有所减少,但进入21世纪后气旋有个数呈现增多的趋势。东南路径气旋在1970年代以前一直处于偏少阶段,1970年代至1980年代中期处于偏多阶段,2005年以后东南路径气旋个数有减少的趋势;（3）向东路径蒙古气旋的背景低频环流由斯堪的纳维亚半岛正异常中心、贝加尔湖及西侧的负异常中心以及环日本海地区的正异常中心所组成的正位相斯堪的纳维亚环流型为主要特征。东南路径蒙古气旋则以俄罗斯西部的负异常中心、拉普捷夫海附近延伸到我国西北地区的正高度异常区以及东北低涡环流为主要特征。展开更多
The severe sandstorm process in Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia on March 15,2021 was analyzed and discussed from the aspects of weather facts,weather causes and dynamic diagnosis.The results show that the strong cold air in We...The severe sandstorm process in Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia on March 15,2021 was analyzed and discussed from the aspects of weather facts,weather causes and dynamic diagnosis.The results show that the strong cold air in West Siberia rapidly moved eastward,and the surface cold front moved eastward to Ulanqab with significant warming in the previous period,resulting in gale and sandstorm weather.This severe sandstorm process occurred in basically stable atmospheric stratification.During the strong sandstorm and extremely strong sandstorm process on March 15,the strong warming in the early period near the surface led to the surface thermal instability,and sand was generated by the upward movement of the Mongolian cyclone.Over the upper northwest air stream,barocline disturbance developed unsteadily,and the upper cold advection stimulated the secondary circulation of front perpendicular to the surface;the surface cyclone turned into strong cold front,and then strong sandstorm weather occurred in Ulanqab.展开更多
Using the National Center for Environment Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis coupled dataset during 1979–2010,we selected four subseasonal indexes from the 16 East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)indexes to char...Using the National Center for Environment Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis coupled dataset during 1979–2010,we selected four subseasonal indexes from the 16 East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)indexes to characterize the subseasonal variability of the entire EASM system.The strongest(1996)and weakest(1998)years of the subseasonal variation were revealed based on these subseasonal EASM indexes.Furthermore,three rainfall concentration areas were defined in East Asia,and these areas were dissected by the atmospheric midlatitude jet stream axis and the position of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High(WNPSH).Then,the subseasonal effects of the WNPSH,the South Asian High(SAH),the Mongolian Cyclone(MC),and the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation(BSISO)on each rainfall concentration area were studied in the strongest and weakest subseasonal variation years of the EASM.During the summer of 1998,the WNPSH and the SAH were stable in the more southern region,which not only blocked the northward progression of the BSISO but also caused the MC to advance southward.Therefore,the summer of 1998 was the weakest subseasonal variability of the EASM,but with significant subseasonal precipitation episodes in the northern and central rainfall areas.However,in 1996,the BSISO repeatedly spread northward in the south rainfall area because of the weak intensities and northern positions of the WNPSH and the SAH,which caused significant subseasonal precipitation episodes.In addition,MC was blocked to the north of approximately 42°N with a weak subseasonal rainfall.展开更多
Intense and extensive dust,caused by a strong Mongolian cyclone,hit Mongolia and northern China on 14-15 March 2021.In this study,the development process of this cyclone is analysed from the perspective of highfrequen...Intense and extensive dust,caused by a strong Mongolian cyclone,hit Mongolia and northern China on 14-15 March 2021.In this study,the development process of this cyclone is analysed from the perspective of highfrequency eddy energetics.During the low-frequency circulation field of early March of 2021,an amplified polar vortex intruding towards central Asia and a ridge straddling eastern and northeastern Asia worked in concert to comprise a strong baroclinic zone from central Asia to Lake Baikal.Under these favourable conditions,on 13 March,a migratory trough triggered the Mongolian cyclone by crossing over the Sayan Mountains.The downwards transfer of kinetic energy from the eddy at 850 hPa played a key role in the intensification and mature stage of the cyclone.This mechanism was primarily completed by the cold air sinking behind the cold front.The frontal cyclone wave mechanism became crucial once the cyclone started to rapidly develop.The authors emphasize that the anomalously large growth of high-frequency available potential energy,which characterized this super strong cyclone,was obtained by extracting energy first from the time-mean available potential energy and then from the low-frequency available potential energy.The interannual temperature anomaly pattern of"north cold south warm"facilitated the additional time-mean available potential energy,and the temperature anomaly pattern of"northwest cold southeast warm"conditioned the extra low-frequency available potential energy.The analysis results suggest that the interaction between high-and low-frequency waves was also important in the development of the intense cyclone.展开更多
Influenced by strong winds associated with a southeastward-moving Mongolian cyclone,a severe transmission line galloping occurred in Baiyin City,Gansu Province,on 14 April 2020.This caused a tripping incident of the t...Influenced by strong winds associated with a southeastward-moving Mongolian cyclone,a severe transmission line galloping occurred in Baiyin City,Gansu Province,on 14 April 2020.This caused a tripping incident of the transmission line in this region.Based on the hourly,0.5°×0.5°,ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data,this study investigated the formation mechanisms of the Mongolian cyclone and its associated strong winds.Results from the vorticity budget indicate that the convergence-related vertical stretching and the upward transport of cyclonic vorticity governed formation of the Mongolian cyclone in this event;whereas,tilting and export of cyclonic vorticity from the central region of the cyclone mainly decelerated the cyclone’s formation.The kinetic energy(KE)budget shows that the wind associated with the Mongolian cyclone was mainly enhanced by the positive work of the pressure gradient force.Unlike some typical strong wind events in Northwest China,during this event,no significant downward momentum transportation from the upper troposphere was found.The vertical transport of KE exerted a slightly favorable effect on the KE increase around the location where the transmission line galloping trip appeared.In contrast,the horizontal transport mainly caused an export of KE from this region,which applied an overall negative effect on the wind enhancement associated with the Mongolian cyclone.展开更多
文摘基于1948-2013年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,采用850 h Pa相对涡度场气旋追踪方法,统计了春季蒙古气旋的活动特征,包括其源地、盛期位置、消亡地以及路径的分布。在此基础上,根据蒙古气旋的不同移动路径,界定了蒙古气旋的两种路径,即向东路径和东南路径,并统计了这两类气旋的频数与强度的年际和年代际变化。同时还揭示了这两类蒙古气旋的低频背景环流特征。本文主要结论如下：（1）蒙古气旋主要生成于贝加尔湖南侧和东侧的山脉背风坡,并在蒙古东部地区以及我国东北地区达到盛期,多数气旋消亡于东北亚及其临海区域;（2）两类气旋的生成个数均有显著的年代际变化。向东路径气旋在1950年代的个数偏少,1970年代至1990年代的个数整体偏多,之后有所减少,但进入21世纪后气旋有个数呈现增多的趋势。东南路径气旋在1970年代以前一直处于偏少阶段,1970年代至1980年代中期处于偏多阶段,2005年以后东南路径气旋个数有减少的趋势;（3）向东路径蒙古气旋的背景低频环流由斯堪的纳维亚半岛正异常中心、贝加尔湖及西侧的负异常中心以及环日本海地区的正异常中心所组成的正位相斯堪的纳维亚环流型为主要特征。东南路径蒙古气旋则以俄罗斯西部的负异常中心、拉普捷夫海附近延伸到我国西北地区的正高度异常区以及东北低涡环流为主要特征。
文摘The severe sandstorm process in Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia on March 15,2021 was analyzed and discussed from the aspects of weather facts,weather causes and dynamic diagnosis.The results show that the strong cold air in West Siberia rapidly moved eastward,and the surface cold front moved eastward to Ulanqab with significant warming in the previous period,resulting in gale and sandstorm weather.This severe sandstorm process occurred in basically stable atmospheric stratification.During the strong sandstorm and extremely strong sandstorm process on March 15,the strong warming in the early period near the surface led to the surface thermal instability,and sand was generated by the upward movement of the Mongolian cyclone.Over the upper northwest air stream,barocline disturbance developed unsteadily,and the upper cold advection stimulated the secondary circulation of front perpendicular to the surface;the surface cyclone turned into strong cold front,and then strong sandstorm weather occurred in Ulanqab.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Science (Nos.2018YFC1505900 and 2016YFA0600303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.42175060,41621005, 41675064, 4167 5067, and 41875086)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Province Science Foundation (No. BK20201259)support of the Jiangsu Provincial Innovation Center for Climate Change and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universityjointly supported by the Joint Open Project of KLME and CIC-FEMD (No. KL ME201902)。
文摘Using the National Center for Environment Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis coupled dataset during 1979–2010,we selected four subseasonal indexes from the 16 East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)indexes to characterize the subseasonal variability of the entire EASM system.The strongest(1996)and weakest(1998)years of the subseasonal variation were revealed based on these subseasonal EASM indexes.Furthermore,three rainfall concentration areas were defined in East Asia,and these areas were dissected by the atmospheric midlatitude jet stream axis and the position of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High(WNPSH).Then,the subseasonal effects of the WNPSH,the South Asian High(SAH),the Mongolian Cyclone(MC),and the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation(BSISO)on each rainfall concentration area were studied in the strongest and weakest subseasonal variation years of the EASM.During the summer of 1998,the WNPSH and the SAH were stable in the more southern region,which not only blocked the northward progression of the BSISO but also caused the MC to advance southward.Therefore,the summer of 1998 was the weakest subseasonal variability of the EASM,but with significant subseasonal precipitation episodes in the northern and central rainfall areas.However,in 1996,the BSISO repeatedly spread northward in the south rainfall area because of the weak intensities and northern positions of the WNPSH and the SAH,which caused significant subseasonal precipitation episodes.In addition,MC was blocked to the north of approximately 42°N with a weak subseasonal rainfall.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.41630424].
文摘Intense and extensive dust,caused by a strong Mongolian cyclone,hit Mongolia and northern China on 14-15 March 2021.In this study,the development process of this cyclone is analysed from the perspective of highfrequency eddy energetics.During the low-frequency circulation field of early March of 2021,an amplified polar vortex intruding towards central Asia and a ridge straddling eastern and northeastern Asia worked in concert to comprise a strong baroclinic zone from central Asia to Lake Baikal.Under these favourable conditions,on 13 March,a migratory trough triggered the Mongolian cyclone by crossing over the Sayan Mountains.The downwards transfer of kinetic energy from the eddy at 850 hPa played a key role in the intensification and mature stage of the cyclone.This mechanism was primarily completed by the cold air sinking behind the cold front.The frontal cyclone wave mechanism became crucial once the cyclone started to rapidly develop.The authors emphasize that the anomalously large growth of high-frequency available potential energy,which characterized this super strong cyclone,was obtained by extracting energy first from the time-mean available potential energy and then from the low-frequency available potential energy.The interannual temperature anomaly pattern of"north cold south warm"facilitated the additional time-mean available potential energy,and the temperature anomaly pattern of"northwest cold southeast warm"conditioned the extra low-frequency available potential energy.The analysis results suggest that the interaction between high-and low-frequency waves was also important in the development of the intense cyclone.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China grant number 2018YFC0809400the science and technol-ogy foundation of State Grid Corporation of China grant number5200-202016243A-0-0-00the Innovation Fund of China Electric Power Research Institute grant number NY83-19-002。
文摘Influenced by strong winds associated with a southeastward-moving Mongolian cyclone,a severe transmission line galloping occurred in Baiyin City,Gansu Province,on 14 April 2020.This caused a tripping incident of the transmission line in this region.Based on the hourly,0.5°×0.5°,ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data,this study investigated the formation mechanisms of the Mongolian cyclone and its associated strong winds.Results from the vorticity budget indicate that the convergence-related vertical stretching and the upward transport of cyclonic vorticity governed formation of the Mongolian cyclone in this event;whereas,tilting and export of cyclonic vorticity from the central region of the cyclone mainly decelerated the cyclone’s formation.The kinetic energy(KE)budget shows that the wind associated with the Mongolian cyclone was mainly enhanced by the positive work of the pressure gradient force.Unlike some typical strong wind events in Northwest China,during this event,no significant downward momentum transportation from the upper troposphere was found.The vertical transport of KE exerted a slightly favorable effect on the KE increase around the location where the transmission line galloping trip appeared.In contrast,the horizontal transport mainly caused an export of KE from this region,which applied an overall negative effect on the wind enhancement associated with the Mongolian cyclone.
