We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevat...We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevation from earth. We propose a formula for the gravitation acceleration based on the non-uniform pion tetrahedron condensate. Gravity may be due to the underlying microscopic attraction between quarks and antiquarks, which are part of the vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate. We propose an electron tetrahedron model, where electrons are comprised of tetraquark tetrahedrons, and . The quarks determine the negative electron charge and the or quarks determine the electron two spin states. The electron tetrahedron may perform a high frequency quark exchange reactions with the pion tetrahedron condensate by tunneling through the condensation gap creating a delocalized electron cloud with a fixed spin. The pion tetrahedron may act as a QCD glue bonding electron pairs in atoms and molecules and protons to neutrons in the nuclei. Conservation of valence quarks and antiquarks is proposed.展开更多
The phenomenon of “missing mass” in galaxies has triggered new theoretical exploration, forming a competition between dark matter assumption, modified Newtonian dynamics and modified gravity. Over the past forty yea...The phenomenon of “missing mass” in galaxies has triggered new theoretical exploration, forming a competition between dark matter assumption, modified Newtonian dynamics and modified gravity. Over the past forty years, various versions of the modified scenario have been proposed to simulate the effects of missing mass. These schemes replace the dynamic effect of dark matter by introducing some tiny extra force terms in the dynamic equations. Such extra forces have mainly interactions on large scales of galaxies, such as fitting the Tully-Fisher relation or asymptotically flat rotation curves. The discussion in this paper shows that the evidence of taking the modified schemes as fundamental theory is still insufficient. In this paper, we display a system of simplified galactic dynamical equations derived from weak field and low-speed approximations of Einstein field equations, and then we use it to discuss two important empirical relations in galactic dynamics, namely the Faber-Jackson relation and Tully-Fisher relation, as well as the related fundamental plane. These discussions provide a reference scheme for improving the dispersion of the empirical relations, and also provide a theoretical foundation to analyze the properties of dark matter and galactic structures.展开更多
The Concept of MOND (Modifying Newtonian Dynamics) was proposed by Mordehai Milgrom as a possible way to reconcile the difference between the experimentally observed high values and the calculated values using Newton...The Concept of MOND (Modifying Newtonian Dynamics) was proposed by Mordehai Milgrom as a possible way to reconcile the difference between the experimentally observed high values and the calculated values using Newton’s Law of Gravity for the dynamical parameters of orbiting stars in a galaxy, without having to introduce the concept of dark matter. Milgrom’s MOND concept challenges the need for dark matter to account for the above difference. The experimentally observed velocity rotation curves of stars in a galaxy show that for small values of r (distance of the star from the centre of the galaxy), the velocity observed (VO) for the orbiting star fairly agrees with values (VN) calculated using Newton’s law of gravity. But as r increases, the difference between VO and VN gradually increases. For very large values of r, VO increases with a constant slope. Finally, VO becomes fairly constant with distance. The above features of VO cannot be explained by Newton’s law of gravity. Milgrom successfully showed that the above features can be explained by modifying Newton’s law of gravity as F=GMmr2μwhere μ is a function just added by Milgrom without a supporting theory behind and is assumed to have certain special properties to suit the purpose. In this paper, it is shown that when the attenuation of dark energy by the space medium is taken into account, Newton’s law of gravity gets modified with a correction term in it. This correction term surprisingly gives rise to the required properties of the function μ added by Milgrom to the existing conventional law of gravity. The work presented here therefore can be considered as a theoretical support for the successful phenomenological scheme proposed by Milgrom.展开更多
In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the mult...In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval-objective function. Further, the sufficient optimality conditions for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution and several duality results in Mond-Weir sense are proved under assumptions that the functions constituting the considered nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval- objective function are convex.展开更多
We hypothesize that the quantum realm and the cosmos are linked by a scaling relation where the gravitational coupling constant <i>α<sub>G</sub></i> is the scale factor and decreases with cosm...We hypothesize that the quantum realm and the cosmos are linked by a scaling relation where the gravitational coupling constant <i>α<sub>G</sub></i> is the scale factor and decreases with cosmic time. We propose a simple cosmological model where cosmic inflation, dark energy and dark matter could be redundant concepts. We show that cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant, the age, density and mass of the observable Universe could be derived simply from quantum parameters. Finally, we propose a fundamental MOND formula with no interpolating function and an acceleration parameter simply derived from the Hubble constant.展开更多
A new model of the modified Newtonian gravity called Compacted & Collapsing Gravity (CCG) is proposed. Similar to the Milgrom’s MOND, it allows explaining the flattening of rotation curve in spiral galaxies, thus...A new model of the modified Newtonian gravity called Compacted & Collapsing Gravity (CCG) is proposed. Similar to the Milgrom’s MOND, it allows explaining the flattening of rotation curve in spiral galaxies, thus eliminates the need for dark matter at this level. However, in contrast to MOND, it puts a distinct limit on effective gravity;thereby constraints the sizes of single galaxies in connection to their masses, which complies with observations. In the bigger than single galaxies structures such as galaxy clusters, CCG rather complements than replaces interpretations of the observational data based on dark matter. Besides, the new model provides a plausible explanation to the hierarchical structure of the universe.展开更多
The paper derives the galaxy evolution by the non-interacting (incompatibility) between dark matter and baryonic matter in terms of the short-range separation between dark matter and baryonic matter, so dark matter ca...The paper derives the galaxy evolution by the non-interacting (incompatibility) between dark matter and baryonic matter in terms of the short-range separation between dark matter and baryonic matter, so dark matter cannot contact baryonic matter. In the conventional CDM (cold dark matter) model, dark matter and baryonic matter are interactive (compatible), so dark matter can contact baryonic matter. However, the conventional CDM model fails to account for the failure to detect dark matter by the contact (interaction) between dark matter and baryonic matter, the shortage of small galaxies, the abundance of spiral galaxies, the old age of large galaxies, and the formation of thin spiral galaxies. The non-interacting (incompatible cold dark matter) model can account for these observed phenomena. The five periods of baryonic structure development in the order of increasing non-interacting (incompatibility) are the free baryonic matter, the baryonic droplet, the galaxy, the cluster, and the supercluster periods.展开更多
It is believed that the modification of Newtonian dynamics （MOND） is a possible alternative for dark matter hypothesis. Although Bekenstein＇s TeVeS supplies a relativistic version of MOND, one may still wish for a ...It is believed that the modification of Newtonian dynamics （MOND） is a possible alternative for dark matter hypothesis. Although Bekenstein＇s TeVeS supplies a relativistic version of MOND, one may still wish for a more concise covariant formulism of MOND. In this paper, within covariant geometrical framework, we present another version of MOND. We show the spacetime structure of MOND with properties of Tully-Fisher relation and Lorentz invariance violation.展开更多
Following the idea of our previous paper we distinguish also in the case of Newtonian gravity as in the electrodynamics between extensive and intensive field quantities. Between both, a “material’’ quantity produce...Following the idea of our previous paper we distinguish also in the case of Newtonian gravity as in the electrodynamics between extensive and intensive field quantities. Between both, a “material’’ quantity produced e.g. by vacuum polarisations induced by the gravitational field strength itself is mediated. It acts in such a way that it amplifies the field strength in weak gravitational fields and reduces the field strength in strong gravitational fields following Lenz’s rule. Newton’s gravity is valid only in a very large intermediate range of middle field strength F?, F0? and F1?critical field strengths). In this way dark matter and black holes may be avoidable.展开更多
Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MoND) is an empirically motivated modification of Newtonian gravity at largest scales, to explain rotation curves of galaxies, as an alternative to nonbaryonic dark matter. But MoND theori...Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MoND) is an empirically motivated modification of Newtonian gravity at largest scales, to explain rotation curves of galaxies, as an alternative to nonbaryonic dark matter. But MoND theories can hardly connect to the formalism of relativistic cosmology type Friedmann-Robertson-Walker. Presently work intends the existence of one scalar potential, with non gravitational origin, that would solve these problems. This potential Yukawa type inverse is build starting from a specular reflection of the potential of Yukawa: null in very near solar system, slightly attractiveness in ranges of interstellar distances, very attractiveness in distance ranges comparable to galaxies cluster and repulsive to cosmic scales. The consequences of this potential are discussed, through Cosmological Model Tipe Friedmann-Roberston-Walker with cosmological term in function of the distance (lambda like function of r). In the cosmological model so raised the critical density of matter is consistent with the observed density does not include dark matter, MoND theory is deduced for interstellar scales and consequently would explain rotation curves. Also it is shown that Yukawa type inverse does not alter the predictions of the Cosmic Microwave Background neither the primordial nucleosynthesis in early universe;and can be explain the large-scale structure formation.展开更多
Modification to Newton gravitational interaction is presented. It provides an understanding of a novel universal gravitational field of particle origin that defines alternative attributes to elementary constituents of...Modification to Newton gravitational interaction is presented. It provides an understanding of a novel universal gravitational field of particle origin that defines alternative attributes to elementary constituents of matter particles and the gravitational interactions between them. It investigates gravitational relationship between two types of mass. The model assigns Coulombic gravitational interaction to DM particles and baryons by attributing self-antigravity to both normal matter and dark matter (DM). It defines the interaction as like particles repel while unlike particles attract. Metal-like force is proposed where same type mass (baryons) are gravitationally attracted to each other when a sea of DM particles are attracted to them and glue them together analogous to a metal bond. At close range, other dominant forces take place such as electromagnetic force. In light of this model, intergalactic self-repulsive DM particles are proposed to result in accelerating expansion of the universe. The model produces flat rotational curves for spiral galaxies and provides a physical explanation to MOND theory.展开更多
Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a hypothesized modification of Newton’s law of universal gravitation to account for the flat rotation curves in the outer regions of galaxies, thereby eliminating the need for da...Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a hypothesized modification of Newton’s law of universal gravitation to account for the flat rotation curves in the outer regions of galaxies, thereby eliminating the need for dark matter. Although a highly successful model, it is not a self-contained physical theory since it is based entirely on observations. It is proposed in this paper that noncommutative geometry, an offshoot of string theory, can account for the flat rotation curves and thereby provide an explanation for MOND. This paper extends an earlier heuristic argument by the author.展开更多
We deduced the Hubble law and the age of the Universe, through the introduction of the Inverse Yukawa Field (IYF), as a non-local additive complement of the Newtonian gravitation (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). As a re...We deduced the Hubble law and the age of the Universe, through the introduction of the Inverse Yukawa Field (IYF), as a non-local additive complement of the Newtonian gravitation (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). As a result, we connected the dynamics of astronomical objects at great scale with the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker ΛFRW) model. From the corresponding formalism, the Hubble law can be expressed as v?= (4π[G]/c)r, which was derived by evaluating the IYF force at distances much greater than 50 Mpc, giving a maximum value for the expansion rate of the universe of H0(max)?≈ 86.31 km·s-1Mpc-1, consistent with the observational data of 392 astronomical objects from NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). This additional field (IYF) provides a simple interpretation of dark energy as the action of baryonic matter at large scales. Additionally, we calculated the age of the universe as 11 Gyr, in agreement with recent measurements of the age of the white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood.展开更多
In a recently published paper Metal-Like Gravity (MLG) and Its Cosmological Applications [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310035003000360034003200330030000000 , it was ...In a recently published paper Metal-Like Gravity (MLG) and Its Cosmological Applications [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310035003000360034003200330030000000 , it was determined that a new modification of Newtonian gravity could explain many of the cosmological mysteries such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The theory provided a gravitational physical system and explained the flatness of the galactic rotational curves (RC). A RC fit that was identical to MOND’s RC fit for spiral galaxies was generated with α as a fitting parameter determined as equal to 1.345. In this paper I am elaborating more on the theory’s cosmological extrapolation of MOND’s critical acceleration a0. This is done by further assessing the gravitational interaction between the galactic baryonic mass and the halo-DM mass in the star-galaxy overlapping volume estimated in MLG framework interpreting a0 as only a factor induced from the reduction of the galactic luminous mass. It is asserted that MOND and MLG dynamic equations are equivalent with MOND’s form, only expressing the equation with an intermediate solution by equating the magnitudes of δ (a parameter that defines a scaled surface galactic DM-density perpendicular to the galactic radial direction in the galaxy-star halo overlapping volume) and G.展开更多
Many physicists believe dark matter accounts for flat velocity curves in spiral galaxies and find further evidence for dark matter in observations of the colliding “bullet cluster” galaxies 1E0657-56. Others claim a...Many physicists believe dark matter accounts for flat velocity curves in spiral galaxies and find further evidence for dark matter in observations of the colliding “bullet cluster” galaxies 1E0657-56. Others claim a modified law of gravity called MOND (MOdified Newtonian Dynamics) explains galactic velocity curves better than dark matter. Merritt recently argued for MOND (arXiv:1703.02389) by claiming dark matter models cannot account for the MOND acceleration threshold a0≈1.2x10-8cm/sec2 and the (Vobserved/VNewtonian) relation. However, this note shows that the HLSS model involving dark matter accounts for both the MOND acceleration and the (Vobserved/VNewtonian) relation. After this paper was accepted for publication, I learned that Man Ho Chan previously reached the same conclusion (arXiv:1310.6801) using a dark matter based analysis independent of the holographic approach used in this paper.展开更多
This contribution is the third of a series of articles devoted to the physics of discrete spaces. After the building of space-time [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0052006500660034003000...This contribution is the third of a series of articles devoted to the physics of discrete spaces. After the building of space-time [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400300037003000330032003200320033000000 and the foundation of quantum theory [2] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400300037003000330032003200320036000000 one studies here how the three fundamental interactions could emerge from the model of discrete space-time that we have put forward in previous contributions. The gauge interactions are recovered. We also propose an original interpretation of gravitational interactions.展开更多
文摘We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevation from earth. We propose a formula for the gravitation acceleration based on the non-uniform pion tetrahedron condensate. Gravity may be due to the underlying microscopic attraction between quarks and antiquarks, which are part of the vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate. We propose an electron tetrahedron model, where electrons are comprised of tetraquark tetrahedrons, and . The quarks determine the negative electron charge and the or quarks determine the electron two spin states. The electron tetrahedron may perform a high frequency quark exchange reactions with the pion tetrahedron condensate by tunneling through the condensation gap creating a delocalized electron cloud with a fixed spin. The pion tetrahedron may act as a QCD glue bonding electron pairs in atoms and molecules and protons to neutrons in the nuclei. Conservation of valence quarks and antiquarks is proposed.
文摘The phenomenon of “missing mass” in galaxies has triggered new theoretical exploration, forming a competition between dark matter assumption, modified Newtonian dynamics and modified gravity. Over the past forty years, various versions of the modified scenario have been proposed to simulate the effects of missing mass. These schemes replace the dynamic effect of dark matter by introducing some tiny extra force terms in the dynamic equations. Such extra forces have mainly interactions on large scales of galaxies, such as fitting the Tully-Fisher relation or asymptotically flat rotation curves. The discussion in this paper shows that the evidence of taking the modified schemes as fundamental theory is still insufficient. In this paper, we display a system of simplified galactic dynamical equations derived from weak field and low-speed approximations of Einstein field equations, and then we use it to discuss two important empirical relations in galactic dynamics, namely the Faber-Jackson relation and Tully-Fisher relation, as well as the related fundamental plane. These discussions provide a reference scheme for improving the dispersion of the empirical relations, and also provide a theoretical foundation to analyze the properties of dark matter and galactic structures.
文摘The Concept of MOND (Modifying Newtonian Dynamics) was proposed by Mordehai Milgrom as a possible way to reconcile the difference between the experimentally observed high values and the calculated values using Newton’s Law of Gravity for the dynamical parameters of orbiting stars in a galaxy, without having to introduce the concept of dark matter. Milgrom’s MOND concept challenges the need for dark matter to account for the above difference. The experimentally observed velocity rotation curves of stars in a galaxy show that for small values of r (distance of the star from the centre of the galaxy), the velocity observed (VO) for the orbiting star fairly agrees with values (VN) calculated using Newton’s law of gravity. But as r increases, the difference between VO and VN gradually increases. For very large values of r, VO increases with a constant slope. Finally, VO becomes fairly constant with distance. The above features of VO cannot be explained by Newton’s law of gravity. Milgrom successfully showed that the above features can be explained by modifying Newton’s law of gravity as F=GMmr2μwhere μ is a function just added by Milgrom without a supporting theory behind and is assumed to have certain special properties to suit the purpose. In this paper, it is shown that when the attenuation of dark energy by the space medium is taken into account, Newton’s law of gravity gets modified with a correction term in it. This correction term surprisingly gives rise to the required properties of the function μ added by Milgrom to the existing conventional law of gravity. The work presented here therefore can be considered as a theoretical support for the successful phenomenological scheme proposed by Milgrom.
文摘In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval-objective function. Further, the sufficient optimality conditions for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution and several duality results in Mond-Weir sense are proved under assumptions that the functions constituting the considered nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval- objective function are convex.
文摘We hypothesize that the quantum realm and the cosmos are linked by a scaling relation where the gravitational coupling constant <i>α<sub>G</sub></i> is the scale factor and decreases with cosmic time. We propose a simple cosmological model where cosmic inflation, dark energy and dark matter could be redundant concepts. We show that cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant, the age, density and mass of the observable Universe could be derived simply from quantum parameters. Finally, we propose a fundamental MOND formula with no interpolating function and an acceleration parameter simply derived from the Hubble constant.
文摘A new model of the modified Newtonian gravity called Compacted & Collapsing Gravity (CCG) is proposed. Similar to the Milgrom’s MOND, it allows explaining the flattening of rotation curve in spiral galaxies, thus eliminates the need for dark matter at this level. However, in contrast to MOND, it puts a distinct limit on effective gravity;thereby constraints the sizes of single galaxies in connection to their masses, which complies with observations. In the bigger than single galaxies structures such as galaxy clusters, CCG rather complements than replaces interpretations of the observational data based on dark matter. Besides, the new model provides a plausible explanation to the hierarchical structure of the universe.
文摘The paper derives the galaxy evolution by the non-interacting (incompatibility) between dark matter and baryonic matter in terms of the short-range separation between dark matter and baryonic matter, so dark matter cannot contact baryonic matter. In the conventional CDM (cold dark matter) model, dark matter and baryonic matter are interactive (compatible), so dark matter can contact baryonic matter. However, the conventional CDM model fails to account for the failure to detect dark matter by the contact (interaction) between dark matter and baryonic matter, the shortage of small galaxies, the abundance of spiral galaxies, the old age of large galaxies, and the formation of thin spiral galaxies. The non-interacting (incompatible cold dark matter) model can account for these observed phenomena. The five periods of baryonic structure development in the order of increasing non-interacting (incompatibility) are the free baryonic matter, the baryonic droplet, the galaxy, the cluster, and the supercluster periods.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11075166,11147176)
文摘It is believed that the modification of Newtonian dynamics （MOND） is a possible alternative for dark matter hypothesis. Although Bekenstein＇s TeVeS supplies a relativistic version of MOND, one may still wish for a more concise covariant formulism of MOND. In this paper, within covariant geometrical framework, we present another version of MOND. We show the spacetime structure of MOND with properties of Tully-Fisher relation and Lorentz invariance violation.
文摘Following the idea of our previous paper we distinguish also in the case of Newtonian gravity as in the electrodynamics between extensive and intensive field quantities. Between both, a “material’’ quantity produced e.g. by vacuum polarisations induced by the gravitational field strength itself is mediated. It acts in such a way that it amplifies the field strength in weak gravitational fields and reduces the field strength in strong gravitational fields following Lenz’s rule. Newton’s gravity is valid only in a very large intermediate range of middle field strength F?, F0? and F1?critical field strengths). In this way dark matter and black holes may be avoidable.
文摘Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MoND) is an empirically motivated modification of Newtonian gravity at largest scales, to explain rotation curves of galaxies, as an alternative to nonbaryonic dark matter. But MoND theories can hardly connect to the formalism of relativistic cosmology type Friedmann-Robertson-Walker. Presently work intends the existence of one scalar potential, with non gravitational origin, that would solve these problems. This potential Yukawa type inverse is build starting from a specular reflection of the potential of Yukawa: null in very near solar system, slightly attractiveness in ranges of interstellar distances, very attractiveness in distance ranges comparable to galaxies cluster and repulsive to cosmic scales. The consequences of this potential are discussed, through Cosmological Model Tipe Friedmann-Roberston-Walker with cosmological term in function of the distance (lambda like function of r). In the cosmological model so raised the critical density of matter is consistent with the observed density does not include dark matter, MoND theory is deduced for interstellar scales and consequently would explain rotation curves. Also it is shown that Yukawa type inverse does not alter the predictions of the Cosmic Microwave Background neither the primordial nucleosynthesis in early universe;and can be explain the large-scale structure formation.
文摘Modification to Newton gravitational interaction is presented. It provides an understanding of a novel universal gravitational field of particle origin that defines alternative attributes to elementary constituents of matter particles and the gravitational interactions between them. It investigates gravitational relationship between two types of mass. The model assigns Coulombic gravitational interaction to DM particles and baryons by attributing self-antigravity to both normal matter and dark matter (DM). It defines the interaction as like particles repel while unlike particles attract. Metal-like force is proposed where same type mass (baryons) are gravitationally attracted to each other when a sea of DM particles are attracted to them and glue them together analogous to a metal bond. At close range, other dominant forces take place such as electromagnetic force. In light of this model, intergalactic self-repulsive DM particles are proposed to result in accelerating expansion of the universe. The model produces flat rotational curves for spiral galaxies and provides a physical explanation to MOND theory.
文摘Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a hypothesized modification of Newton’s law of universal gravitation to account for the flat rotation curves in the outer regions of galaxies, thereby eliminating the need for dark matter. Although a highly successful model, it is not a self-contained physical theory since it is based entirely on observations. It is proposed in this paper that noncommutative geometry, an offshoot of string theory, can account for the flat rotation curves and thereby provide an explanation for MOND. This paper extends an earlier heuristic argument by the author.
文摘We deduced the Hubble law and the age of the Universe, through the introduction of the Inverse Yukawa Field (IYF), as a non-local additive complement of the Newtonian gravitation (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). As a result, we connected the dynamics of astronomical objects at great scale with the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker ΛFRW) model. From the corresponding formalism, the Hubble law can be expressed as v?= (4π[G]/c)r, which was derived by evaluating the IYF force at distances much greater than 50 Mpc, giving a maximum value for the expansion rate of the universe of H0(max)?≈ 86.31 km·s-1Mpc-1, consistent with the observational data of 392 astronomical objects from NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). This additional field (IYF) provides a simple interpretation of dark energy as the action of baryonic matter at large scales. Additionally, we calculated the age of the universe as 11 Gyr, in agreement with recent measurements of the age of the white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood.
文摘In a recently published paper Metal-Like Gravity (MLG) and Its Cosmological Applications [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310035003000360034003200330030000000 , it was determined that a new modification of Newtonian gravity could explain many of the cosmological mysteries such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The theory provided a gravitational physical system and explained the flatness of the galactic rotational curves (RC). A RC fit that was identical to MOND’s RC fit for spiral galaxies was generated with α as a fitting parameter determined as equal to 1.345. In this paper I am elaborating more on the theory’s cosmological extrapolation of MOND’s critical acceleration a0. This is done by further assessing the gravitational interaction between the galactic baryonic mass and the halo-DM mass in the star-galaxy overlapping volume estimated in MLG framework interpreting a0 as only a factor induced from the reduction of the galactic luminous mass. It is asserted that MOND and MLG dynamic equations are equivalent with MOND’s form, only expressing the equation with an intermediate solution by equating the magnitudes of δ (a parameter that defines a scaled surface galactic DM-density perpendicular to the galactic radial direction in the galaxy-star halo overlapping volume) and G.
文摘Many physicists believe dark matter accounts for flat velocity curves in spiral galaxies and find further evidence for dark matter in observations of the colliding “bullet cluster” galaxies 1E0657-56. Others claim a modified law of gravity called MOND (MOdified Newtonian Dynamics) explains galactic velocity curves better than dark matter. Merritt recently argued for MOND (arXiv:1703.02389) by claiming dark matter models cannot account for the MOND acceleration threshold a0≈1.2x10-8cm/sec2 and the (Vobserved/VNewtonian) relation. However, this note shows that the HLSS model involving dark matter accounts for both the MOND acceleration and the (Vobserved/VNewtonian) relation. After this paper was accepted for publication, I learned that Man Ho Chan previously reached the same conclusion (arXiv:1310.6801) using a dark matter based analysis independent of the holographic approach used in this paper.
文摘This contribution is the third of a series of articles devoted to the physics of discrete spaces. After the building of space-time [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400300037003000330032003200320033000000 and the foundation of quantum theory [2] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400300037003000330032003200320036000000 one studies here how the three fundamental interactions could emerge from the model of discrete space-time that we have put forward in previous contributions. The gauge interactions are recovered. We also propose an original interpretation of gravitational interactions.
