Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), which is not uncommon in prostate cancer, is increases in prostate cancer after androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and generally appears in castration- resistant prostate canc...Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), which is not uncommon in prostate cancer, is increases in prostate cancer after androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and generally appears in castration- resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Neuroendocrine ceils, which are found in normal prostate tissue, are a small subset of cells and have unique function in regulating the growth of prostate ceils. Prostate cancer with NED includes different types of tumor, including focal NED, pure neuroendocrine tumor or mixed neuroendocrine-adenocarcinoma. Although more and more studies are carried out on NED in prostate cancer, the molecular components that are involved in NED are still poorly elucidated. We review neuroendocrine cells in normal prostate tissue, NED in prostate cancer, terminology of NED and biomarkers used for detecting NED in routine pathological practice. Some recently reported molecular components which drive NED in prostate cancer are listed in the review.展开更多
背景:高密度脂蛋白是指与脂代谢有关的高密度脂蛋白,但研究表明其功能不仅局限于脂代谢范畴;同时运动调节高密度脂蛋白的活性和数量,但最佳的运动方式有待于研究。目的:总结高密度脂蛋白的生物学功能及运动调节高密度脂蛋白研究进展,展...背景:高密度脂蛋白是指与脂代谢有关的高密度脂蛋白,但研究表明其功能不仅局限于脂代谢范畴;同时运动调节高密度脂蛋白的活性和数量,但最佳的运动方式有待于研究。目的:总结高密度脂蛋白的生物学功能及运动调节高密度脂蛋白研究进展,展望了高密度脂蛋白研究的可能方向,旨在为健身训练方案的制定提供理论支持,为后续研究提供参考;方法:以关键词"HDL and exercise,HDL and biological function"搜索Pub Med数据库,筛选到1990至2015年间文章98篇;按纳入、排除标准最后纳入文献44篇。结果与结论:高密度脂蛋白主要功能包括介导糖、蛋白质、脂肪代谢、抗炎、抗氧化及介导胰岛素分泌的功能,同时总结运动对高密度脂蛋白浓度,分子数及组份影响的研究。研究表明抗阻与耐力组合训练提高高密度脂蛋白浓度及功能效果最显著。展开更多
目的:以人尿源性干细胞(human urine-derived stem cells,hUSCs)Wnt信号通路中的糖原合成酶激酶(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)为靶标,从中药系统药理学(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology,TCMSP)数据库收录...目的:以人尿源性干细胞(human urine-derived stem cells,hUSCs)Wnt信号通路中的糖原合成酶激酶(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)为靶标,从中药系统药理学(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology,TCMSP)数据库收录的中药小分子活性成分中筛选GSK-3β抑制剂,研究其是否具有增强hUSCs干性基因表达的作用。方法:参考京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)中人多能干细胞干性调控信号网络,以Wnt信号通路中的GSK-3β为靶点,利用分子对接技术对TCMSP数据库进行虚拟筛选,寻找能够增强hUSCs干性的中药小分子抑制剂;结合文献调研优化分子对接结果,通过MTT实验考察其对hUSCs细胞活力的影响,qRT-PCR实验考察其是否增强hUSCs干性基因的表达。结果:根据GSK-3β晶体结构复合的原配体对接结果,确定中药小分子活性成分的筛选规则为对接打分值高于阈值81.112(原配体打分值101.39的80%)且与受体GSK-3β的作用模式与原配体类似(与关键氨基酸残基ASP133和VAL135发生氢键作用);候选配体对接结果表明,黄芩素、白杨素、褪黑素与GSK-3β的对接打分值均高于阈值且与GSK-3β的作用模式均与原配体类似,可作为候选中药小分子活性成分;细胞实验结果表明,3种候选中药小分子活性成分在一定浓度范围内具有维持hUSCs细胞活力的作用,且均能显著上调hUSCs干性基因OCT4的表达水平,对MYC基因的表达水平无明显作用。结论:通过分子对接技术筛选到的针对GSK-3β的中药小分子抑制剂黄芩素、白杨素和褪黑素可以作为增强hUSCs干性的候选化合物,中药小分子活性成分有潜力被应用于hUSCs等人成体干细胞研究领域的药物研发。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81502244)
文摘Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), which is not uncommon in prostate cancer, is increases in prostate cancer after androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and generally appears in castration- resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Neuroendocrine ceils, which are found in normal prostate tissue, are a small subset of cells and have unique function in regulating the growth of prostate ceils. Prostate cancer with NED includes different types of tumor, including focal NED, pure neuroendocrine tumor or mixed neuroendocrine-adenocarcinoma. Although more and more studies are carried out on NED in prostate cancer, the molecular components that are involved in NED are still poorly elucidated. We review neuroendocrine cells in normal prostate tissue, NED in prostate cancer, terminology of NED and biomarkers used for detecting NED in routine pathological practice. Some recently reported molecular components which drive NED in prostate cancer are listed in the review.
文摘背景:高密度脂蛋白是指与脂代谢有关的高密度脂蛋白,但研究表明其功能不仅局限于脂代谢范畴;同时运动调节高密度脂蛋白的活性和数量,但最佳的运动方式有待于研究。目的:总结高密度脂蛋白的生物学功能及运动调节高密度脂蛋白研究进展,展望了高密度脂蛋白研究的可能方向,旨在为健身训练方案的制定提供理论支持,为后续研究提供参考;方法:以关键词"HDL and exercise,HDL and biological function"搜索Pub Med数据库,筛选到1990至2015年间文章98篇;按纳入、排除标准最后纳入文献44篇。结果与结论:高密度脂蛋白主要功能包括介导糖、蛋白质、脂肪代谢、抗炎、抗氧化及介导胰岛素分泌的功能,同时总结运动对高密度脂蛋白浓度,分子数及组份影响的研究。研究表明抗阻与耐力组合训练提高高密度脂蛋白浓度及功能效果最显著。
文摘目的:以人尿源性干细胞(human urine-derived stem cells,hUSCs)Wnt信号通路中的糖原合成酶激酶(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)为靶标,从中药系统药理学(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology,TCMSP)数据库收录的中药小分子活性成分中筛选GSK-3β抑制剂,研究其是否具有增强hUSCs干性基因表达的作用。方法:参考京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)中人多能干细胞干性调控信号网络,以Wnt信号通路中的GSK-3β为靶点,利用分子对接技术对TCMSP数据库进行虚拟筛选,寻找能够增强hUSCs干性的中药小分子抑制剂;结合文献调研优化分子对接结果,通过MTT实验考察其对hUSCs细胞活力的影响,qRT-PCR实验考察其是否增强hUSCs干性基因的表达。结果:根据GSK-3β晶体结构复合的原配体对接结果,确定中药小分子活性成分的筛选规则为对接打分值高于阈值81.112(原配体打分值101.39的80%)且与受体GSK-3β的作用模式与原配体类似(与关键氨基酸残基ASP133和VAL135发生氢键作用);候选配体对接结果表明,黄芩素、白杨素、褪黑素与GSK-3β的对接打分值均高于阈值且与GSK-3β的作用模式均与原配体类似,可作为候选中药小分子活性成分;细胞实验结果表明,3种候选中药小分子活性成分在一定浓度范围内具有维持hUSCs细胞活力的作用,且均能显著上调hUSCs干性基因OCT4的表达水平,对MYC基因的表达水平无明显作用。结论:通过分子对接技术筛选到的针对GSK-3β的中药小分子抑制剂黄芩素、白杨素和褪黑素可以作为增强hUSCs干性的候选化合物,中药小分子活性成分有潜力被应用于hUSCs等人成体干细胞研究领域的药物研发。