This paper focuses on model development for computer analysis of the thermal behavior of an externally driven spindle. The aim of the developed model is to enable efficient quantitative estimation of the thermal chara...This paper focuses on model development for computer analysis of the thermal behavior of an externally driven spindle. The aim of the developed model is to enable efficient quantitative estimation of the thermal characteristics of the main spindle unit in an early stage of the development process. The presented work includes an experimental validation of the simulation model using a custom-built test rig. Specifically, the effects of the heat generated in the bearings and the heat flux from the bearing to the adjacent spindle system elements are investigated. Simulation and experimental results are compared and demonstrate good accordance. The proposed model is a useful, efficient and validated tool for quantitative simulation of thermal behavior of a main spindle system.展开更多
The accuracy and effi ciency of the modelling techniques utilized to model the nonlinear behavior of structural components is a signifi cant issue in earthquake engineering. In this study, the suffi ciency of three di...The accuracy and effi ciency of the modelling techniques utilized to model the nonlinear behavior of structural components is a signifi cant issue in earthquake engineering. In this study, the suffi ciency of three diff erent modelling techniques that can be employed to simulate the structural behavior of columns is investigated. A fi ber-based fi nite length plastic hinge (FB-FLPH) model is calibrated in this study. In order to calibrate the FB-FLPH model, a novel database of the cyclic behavior of hollow steel columns under simultaneous axial and lateral loading cycles with varying amplitudes is used. By employing the FB-FLPH model calibrated in this study, the interaction of the axial force and the bending moment in columns is directly taken into account, and the deterioration in the cyclic behavior of these members is implicitly considered. The superiority of the calibrated FB-FLPH modelling approach is examined compared with the cases in which conventional fi ber-based distributed plasticity and concentrated plasticity models are utilized. The effi ciency of the enumerated modelling techniques is probed when they are implemented to model the columns of a typical special moment frame in order to prove the advantage of the FB-FLPH modelling approach.展开更多
A multiplicative hardening function and a unified evolution rule of the hardening factors are proposed.The hardening factor f_1 is introduced to describe cyclic hardening with respect to the plastic strain range,while...A multiplicative hardening function and a unified evolution rule of the hardening factors are proposed.The hardening factor f_1 is introduced to describe cyclic hardening with respect to the plastic strain range,while f_2 and f_3 describe,respectively,instantaneous and hereditary additional hardening with respect to the nonproportionality of the plastic strain path.Two material dependent memory parameters α_1 and α_3 are introduced to keep the memory of the largest cyclic and additional hardening in the previous plastic deformation history.Different hardening mechanisms are then embedded into a thermomechanically consistent constitutive equation through the hardening function.The constitutive response of 304 and 316 stainless steels subjected to biaxial nonproportional cyclic loading is analyzed and the proposed model is critically verified by comparing the results with experimental results obtained by Tanaka et al.,and Ohashi et al.展开更多
The contact characteristics of rigid cylinders lubricated by Newtonian liquids are inves-tigated in this paper using hard elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory. Numerical modelingis formulated for the coupled se...The contact characteristics of rigid cylinders lubricated by Newtonian liquids are inves-tigated in this paper using hard elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory. Numerical modelingis formulated for the coupled set of generalized pressure and plane strain elasticity equations for afinite plane model and a circular representation of the junction under a pure hard rolling line con-tact using boundary element method (BEM). Also a numerical routine is developed to compute filmthickness and pressure profiles and the results are evaluated for a range of possible dimen-sionless parameters such as speed and load. The hydrodynamic equation is also transformed intoa form of boundary integral equation, which is solved by Simpson’s rule. The elasticity equationwith boundary conditions was solved by constant and quadratic elements based on an iterativeprocedure by assuming an initial film thickness. From the comparative study between the presentNewtonian model and the previously published results proved to be very effective and efficient andhigh precision is easily achieved for such rolling elements as well. The computed results areshown to be amenable to standard boundary element formulation of EHL problem in the contactregion and show that speed and load have influential effects on the lubricating film shape.展开更多
现有时空感知的表示学习框架无法对强时空语义的实际场景存在的“When”、“Where”和“What”3个问题给出一个统一的解决方案。同时,现有的时间和空间建模上的研究方案也存在着一定的缺陷,无法在复杂的实际场景中取得最优的性能。为了...现有时空感知的表示学习框架无法对强时空语义的实际场景存在的“When”、“Where”和“What”3个问题给出一个统一的解决方案。同时,现有的时间和空间建模上的研究方案也存在着一定的缺陷,无法在复杂的实际场景中取得最优的性能。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一个统一的用户表示框架—GTRL(geography and time aware representation learning),可以同时在时间和空间的维度上对用户的历史行为轨迹进行联合建模。在时间建模上,GTRL采用函数式的时间编码以及连续时间和上下文感知的图注意力网络,在动态的用户行为图上灵活地捕获高阶的结构化时序信息。在空间建模上,GTRL采用了层级化的地理编码和深度历史轨迹建模模块高效地刻画了用户的地理位置偏好。GTRL设计了统一的联合优化方案,同时在交互预测、交互时间预测以及交互位置3个任务上进行模型学习。最后,本文在公开数据集和工业数据集上设计了大量的实验,分别验证了GTRL相较学术界基线模型的优势,以及在实际业务场景中的有效性。展开更多
Cone penetration testing (CPT) is a cost effective and popular tool for geotechnical site characterization. CPT consists of pushing at a constant rate an electronic penetrometer into penetrable soils and recording con...Cone penetration testing (CPT) is a cost effective and popular tool for geotechnical site characterization. CPT consists of pushing at a constant rate an electronic penetrometer into penetrable soils and recording cone bearing (q<sub>c</sub>), sleeve friction (f<sub>c</sub>) and dynamic pore pressure (u) with depth. The measured q<sub>c</sub>, f<sub>s</sub> and u values are utilized to estimate soil type and associated soil properties. A popular method to estimate soil type from CPT measurements is the Soil Behavior Type (SBT) chart. The SBT plots cone resistance vs friction ratio, R<sub>f</sub> [where: R<sub>f</sub> = (f<sub>s</sub>/q<sub>c</sub>)100%]. There are distortions in the CPT measurements which can result in erroneous SBT plots. Cone bearing measurements at a specific depth are blurred or averaged due to q<sub>c</sub> values being strongly influenced by soils within 10 to 30 cone diameters from the cone tip. The q<sub>c</sub>HMM algorithm was developed to address the q<sub>c</sub> blurring/averaging limitation. This paper describes the distortions which occur when obtaining sleeve friction measurements which can in association with q<sub>c</sub> blurring result in significant errors in the calculated R<sub>f</sub> values. This paper outlines a novel and highly effective algorithm for obtaining accurate sleeve friction and friction ratio estimates. The f<sub>c</sub> optimal filter estimation technique is referred to as the OSFE-IFM algorithm. The mathematical details of the OSFE-IFM algorithm are outlined in this paper along with the results from a challenging test bed simulation. The test bed simulation demonstrates that the OSFE-IFM algorithm derives accurate estimates of sleeve friction from measured values. Optimal estimates of cone bearing and sleeve friction result in accurate R<sub>f</sub> values and subsequent accurate estimates of soil behavior type.展开更多
Slippage corresponds to the relative displacement of a bolted joint subjected to shear loads since the construction clearance between the bolt shank and the bolthole at assembly can cause joint slip. Deflections of to...Slippage corresponds to the relative displacement of a bolted joint subjected to shear loads since the construction clearance between the bolt shank and the bolthole at assembly can cause joint slip. Deflections of towers with joint slippage effects is up to 1.9 times greater than the displacements obtained by linear analytical methods. In this study, 8 different types of joints are modelled and studied in the finite element program, and the results are verified by the experimental results which have been done in the laboratory. Moreover, several types of joints have been modelled and studied and load-deformation curves have also been presented. Finally, joint slip data for different types of angles, bolt diameter and bolt arrangements are generated. Thereupon, damping ratios （ζ） for different types of connections are reported. The study can be useful to help in designing of wind turbine towers with a higher level of accuracy and safety.展开更多
文摘This paper focuses on model development for computer analysis of the thermal behavior of an externally driven spindle. The aim of the developed model is to enable efficient quantitative estimation of the thermal characteristics of the main spindle unit in an early stage of the development process. The presented work includes an experimental validation of the simulation model using a custom-built test rig. Specifically, the effects of the heat generated in the bearings and the heat flux from the bearing to the adjacent spindle system elements are investigated. Simulation and experimental results are compared and demonstrate good accordance. The proposed model is a useful, efficient and validated tool for quantitative simulation of thermal behavior of a main spindle system.
文摘The accuracy and effi ciency of the modelling techniques utilized to model the nonlinear behavior of structural components is a signifi cant issue in earthquake engineering. In this study, the suffi ciency of three diff erent modelling techniques that can be employed to simulate the structural behavior of columns is investigated. A fi ber-based fi nite length plastic hinge (FB-FLPH) model is calibrated in this study. In order to calibrate the FB-FLPH model, a novel database of the cyclic behavior of hollow steel columns under simultaneous axial and lateral loading cycles with varying amplitudes is used. By employing the FB-FLPH model calibrated in this study, the interaction of the axial force and the bending moment in columns is directly taken into account, and the deterioration in the cyclic behavior of these members is implicitly considered. The superiority of the calibrated FB-FLPH modelling approach is examined compared with the cases in which conventional fi ber-based distributed plasticity and concentrated plasticity models are utilized. The effi ciency of the enumerated modelling techniques is probed when they are implemented to model the columns of a typical special moment frame in order to prove the advantage of the FB-FLPH modelling approach.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A multiplicative hardening function and a unified evolution rule of the hardening factors are proposed.The hardening factor f_1 is introduced to describe cyclic hardening with respect to the plastic strain range,while f_2 and f_3 describe,respectively,instantaneous and hereditary additional hardening with respect to the nonproportionality of the plastic strain path.Two material dependent memory parameters α_1 and α_3 are introduced to keep the memory of the largest cyclic and additional hardening in the previous plastic deformation history.Different hardening mechanisms are then embedded into a thermomechanically consistent constitutive equation through the hardening function.The constitutive response of 304 and 316 stainless steels subjected to biaxial nonproportional cyclic loading is analyzed and the proposed model is critically verified by comparing the results with experimental results obtained by Tanaka et al.,and Ohashi et al.
文摘The contact characteristics of rigid cylinders lubricated by Newtonian liquids are inves-tigated in this paper using hard elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory. Numerical modelingis formulated for the coupled set of generalized pressure and plane strain elasticity equations for afinite plane model and a circular representation of the junction under a pure hard rolling line con-tact using boundary element method (BEM). Also a numerical routine is developed to compute filmthickness and pressure profiles and the results are evaluated for a range of possible dimen-sionless parameters such as speed and load. The hydrodynamic equation is also transformed intoa form of boundary integral equation, which is solved by Simpson’s rule. The elasticity equationwith boundary conditions was solved by constant and quadratic elements based on an iterativeprocedure by assuming an initial film thickness. From the comparative study between the presentNewtonian model and the previously published results proved to be very effective and efficient andhigh precision is easily achieved for such rolling elements as well. The computed results areshown to be amenable to standard boundary element formulation of EHL problem in the contactregion and show that speed and load have influential effects on the lubricating film shape.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775480,51605420)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2018203143)。
文摘现有时空感知的表示学习框架无法对强时空语义的实际场景存在的“When”、“Where”和“What”3个问题给出一个统一的解决方案。同时,现有的时间和空间建模上的研究方案也存在着一定的缺陷,无法在复杂的实际场景中取得最优的性能。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一个统一的用户表示框架—GTRL(geography and time aware representation learning),可以同时在时间和空间的维度上对用户的历史行为轨迹进行联合建模。在时间建模上,GTRL采用函数式的时间编码以及连续时间和上下文感知的图注意力网络,在动态的用户行为图上灵活地捕获高阶的结构化时序信息。在空间建模上,GTRL采用了层级化的地理编码和深度历史轨迹建模模块高效地刻画了用户的地理位置偏好。GTRL设计了统一的联合优化方案,同时在交互预测、交互时间预测以及交互位置3个任务上进行模型学习。最后,本文在公开数据集和工业数据集上设计了大量的实验,分别验证了GTRL相较学术界基线模型的优势,以及在实际业务场景中的有效性。
文摘Cone penetration testing (CPT) is a cost effective and popular tool for geotechnical site characterization. CPT consists of pushing at a constant rate an electronic penetrometer into penetrable soils and recording cone bearing (q<sub>c</sub>), sleeve friction (f<sub>c</sub>) and dynamic pore pressure (u) with depth. The measured q<sub>c</sub>, f<sub>s</sub> and u values are utilized to estimate soil type and associated soil properties. A popular method to estimate soil type from CPT measurements is the Soil Behavior Type (SBT) chart. The SBT plots cone resistance vs friction ratio, R<sub>f</sub> [where: R<sub>f</sub> = (f<sub>s</sub>/q<sub>c</sub>)100%]. There are distortions in the CPT measurements which can result in erroneous SBT plots. Cone bearing measurements at a specific depth are blurred or averaged due to q<sub>c</sub> values being strongly influenced by soils within 10 to 30 cone diameters from the cone tip. The q<sub>c</sub>HMM algorithm was developed to address the q<sub>c</sub> blurring/averaging limitation. This paper describes the distortions which occur when obtaining sleeve friction measurements which can in association with q<sub>c</sub> blurring result in significant errors in the calculated R<sub>f</sub> values. This paper outlines a novel and highly effective algorithm for obtaining accurate sleeve friction and friction ratio estimates. The f<sub>c</sub> optimal filter estimation technique is referred to as the OSFE-IFM algorithm. The mathematical details of the OSFE-IFM algorithm are outlined in this paper along with the results from a challenging test bed simulation. The test bed simulation demonstrates that the OSFE-IFM algorithm derives accurate estimates of sleeve friction from measured values. Optimal estimates of cone bearing and sleeve friction result in accurate R<sub>f</sub> values and subsequent accurate estimates of soil behavior type.
文摘Slippage corresponds to the relative displacement of a bolted joint subjected to shear loads since the construction clearance between the bolt shank and the bolthole at assembly can cause joint slip. Deflections of towers with joint slippage effects is up to 1.9 times greater than the displacements obtained by linear analytical methods. In this study, 8 different types of joints are modelled and studied in the finite element program, and the results are verified by the experimental results which have been done in the laboratory. Moreover, several types of joints have been modelled and studied and load-deformation curves have also been presented. Finally, joint slip data for different types of angles, bolt diameter and bolt arrangements are generated. Thereupon, damping ratios （ζ） for different types of connections are reported. The study can be useful to help in designing of wind turbine towers with a higher level of accuracy and safety.
