MAPK(促分裂原活化蛋白激酶,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase)信号转导途径在植物病原真菌的生长发育、有性生殖和致病性调节等方面占有重要作用,是一种普遍存在的细胞外信号转导途径。在真核生物MAPK蛋白的同源性和2种炭疽菌(禾谷炭...MAPK(促分裂原活化蛋白激酶,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase)信号转导途径在植物病原真菌的生长发育、有性生殖和致病性调节等方面占有重要作用,是一种普遍存在的细胞外信号转导途径。在真核生物MAPK蛋白的同源性和2种炭疽菌(禾谷炭疽、希金斯炭疽菌)全基因组数据库的基础上,结合Blastp、蛋白质结构域分析和聚类分析3种方法,从禾谷炭疽菌和希金斯炭疽菌基因组数据库中找出18个与酿酒酵母菌同源的3类MAPK级联信号途径基因,并绘制出这2种炭疽菌MAPK级联信号途径简图,为深入研究炭疽菌MAPK级联信号途径基因生物学功能及其相关信号网络特点奠定基础。展开更多
Insects have long been the most abundant herbivores, and plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to defend against their attack, In particular, plants can perceive specific patterns of tissue damage associated wi...Insects have long been the most abundant herbivores, and plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to defend against their attack, In particular, plants can perceive specific patterns of tissue damage associated with insect herbivory. Some plant species can perceive certain elicitors in insect oral secretions （OS） that enter wounds during feeding, and rapidly activate a series of intertwined signaling pathways to orchestrate the biosynthesis of various defensive metabolites. Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs）, common to all eukaryotes, are involved in the orchestration of many cellular processes, including development and stress responses. In plants, at least two MAPKs, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase （SIPK） and wound-induced protein kinase （WlPK）, are rapidly activated by wounding or insect 0S; importantly, genetic studies us- ing transgenic or mutant plants impaired in MAPK signaling indicated that MAPKs play critical roles in regulating the herbivory-induced dynamics of phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, and MAPKs are also required for transcriptional activation of herbivore defense-related genes and accumulation of defensive metabolites. In this review, we summarize recent developments in understanding the functions of MAPKs in plant resistance to insect herbivores.展开更多
目的:在确定谷红注射液保护脑缺血的基础上,采用RNA-Seq转录组测序与生物信息分析的方法探究谷红注射液抗脑缺血的分子机制。方法:采用线栓法制备大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,设置假手术组,模型组,谷红注射液低、中剂量组(0.625,2.5 m L&#...目的:在确定谷红注射液保护脑缺血的基础上,采用RNA-Seq转录组测序与生物信息分析的方法探究谷红注射液抗脑缺血的分子机制。方法:采用线栓法制备大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,设置假手术组,模型组,谷红注射液低、中剂量组(0.625,2.5 m L·kg^-1·d^-1),阳性药组(金纳多注射液,8 m L·kg^-1·d^-1),通过Ludmila Belayev 12分评分法进行药效学评价,并采用RNA-Seq技术检测药物干预前后的差异基因,使用DAVID,String及The Human Phenotype Ontology等数据库,进行富集分析、聚类分析、以及与脑缺血疾病靶标的关联分析,通过Cytoscape3.4.0构建相关的调控网络。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠可见明显神经功能缺损(P<0.01);与模型组比较,谷红注射液高剂量组减轻了大鼠神经功能损伤(P<0.05)。转录组数据分析表明谷红注射液主要是通过调控细胞凋亡,炎症反应,氧化应激,Toll样受体信号通路及丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路等生物学过程干预脑缺血。此外,谷红液射液干预脑缺血的差异基因关联到20个脑缺血疾病相关的靶标,且关联到64个MAPK信号通路相关的基因,其中23个基因参与凋亡与炎症等过程。结论:谷红注射液通过多条途径发挥抗脑缺血作用,其中MAPK信号通路是其发挥抗凋亡及炎症作用的重要途径。展开更多
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein （CIRP） is an RNA-binding protein that is expressed in normal testes and downregulated after heat stress caused by cryptorchidism, varicocele or environmental temperatures. The purp...Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein （CIRP） is an RNA-binding protein that is expressed in normal testes and downregulated after heat stress caused by cryptorchidism, varicocele or environmental temperatures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of CIRP in the testes. We employed RNAi technique to knock down the expression of CIRP in the testes, and performed haematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate morphological changes following knockdown. Germ cell apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling （TUNEL） assay, and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signalling pathways were investigated by Western blotting to determine the possible mechanism of apoptosis. We found that using siRNA is a feasible and reliable method for knocking down gene expression in the testes. Compared to controls, the mean seminiferous tubule diameter （MSTD） and the thickness of the germ cell layers decreased following siRNA treatment, whereas the percentage of apoptotic seminiferous tubules increased. The p44/p42, p38 and SAPK/JNK MAPK pathways were activated after downregulation of CIRP. In conclusion, we discovered that downregulation of CIRP resulted in increased germ cell apoptosis, possibly viathe activation of the p44/p42, p38 and SAPK/JNK MAPK pathways.展开更多
促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)在线虫的生长发育等方面具有重要作用,本研究探索利用RNAi技术沉默南方根结线虫mapk-1基因来抑制线虫的生长发育。根据mapk-1基因的cDNA序列设计引物,通过体外转录合成约55...促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)在线虫的生长发育等方面具有重要作用,本研究探索利用RNAi技术沉默南方根结线虫mapk-1基因来抑制线虫的生长发育。根据mapk-1基因的cDNA序列设计引物,通过体外转录合成约550bp的dsRNA对南方根结线虫的卵进行RNAi以沉默mapk-1基因。试验结果表明,将南方根结线虫的卵块浸泡在含有2mg/mL dsRNA的M9缓冲溶液中,24h后卵块孵化出的2龄幼虫数量明显多于对照组(无dsRNA),但孵化出的幼虫死亡率高达90%,而对照组的死亡率低于5%,说明mapk-1基因的沉默抑制了卵块的孵化和线虫的生长,同时将孵化的幼虫接种番茄,14d后番茄根部无根结产生,35d后无卵块产生;而浸泡72h后卵块孵化出的2龄幼虫几乎全部死亡,并且孵化的线虫数量明显少于对照。提取导入dsRNA的卵块的RNA进行半定量PCR分析,结果表明mapk-1基因的mRNA被降解。展开更多
文摘MAPK(促分裂原活化蛋白激酶,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase)信号转导途径在植物病原真菌的生长发育、有性生殖和致病性调节等方面占有重要作用,是一种普遍存在的细胞外信号转导途径。在真核生物MAPK蛋白的同源性和2种炭疽菌(禾谷炭疽、希金斯炭疽菌)全基因组数据库的基础上,结合Blastp、蛋白质结构域分析和聚类分析3种方法,从禾谷炭疽菌和希金斯炭疽菌基因组数据库中找出18个与酿酒酵母菌同源的3类MAPK级联信号途径基因,并绘制出这2种炭疽菌MAPK级联信号途径简图,为深入研究炭疽菌MAPK级联信号途径基因生物学功能及其相关信号网络特点奠定基础。
文摘Insects have long been the most abundant herbivores, and plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to defend against their attack, In particular, plants can perceive specific patterns of tissue damage associated with insect herbivory. Some plant species can perceive certain elicitors in insect oral secretions （OS） that enter wounds during feeding, and rapidly activate a series of intertwined signaling pathways to orchestrate the biosynthesis of various defensive metabolites. Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs）, common to all eukaryotes, are involved in the orchestration of many cellular processes, including development and stress responses. In plants, at least two MAPKs, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase （SIPK） and wound-induced protein kinase （WlPK）, are rapidly activated by wounding or insect 0S; importantly, genetic studies us- ing transgenic or mutant plants impaired in MAPK signaling indicated that MAPKs play critical roles in regulating the herbivory-induced dynamics of phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, and MAPKs are also required for transcriptional activation of herbivore defense-related genes and accumulation of defensive metabolites. In this review, we summarize recent developments in understanding the functions of MAPKs in plant resistance to insect herbivores.
文摘目的:在确定谷红注射液保护脑缺血的基础上,采用RNA-Seq转录组测序与生物信息分析的方法探究谷红注射液抗脑缺血的分子机制。方法:采用线栓法制备大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,设置假手术组,模型组,谷红注射液低、中剂量组(0.625,2.5 m L·kg^-1·d^-1),阳性药组(金纳多注射液,8 m L·kg^-1·d^-1),通过Ludmila Belayev 12分评分法进行药效学评价,并采用RNA-Seq技术检测药物干预前后的差异基因,使用DAVID,String及The Human Phenotype Ontology等数据库,进行富集分析、聚类分析、以及与脑缺血疾病靶标的关联分析,通过Cytoscape3.4.0构建相关的调控网络。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠可见明显神经功能缺损(P<0.01);与模型组比较,谷红注射液高剂量组减轻了大鼠神经功能损伤(P<0.05)。转录组数据分析表明谷红注射液主要是通过调控细胞凋亡,炎症反应,氧化应激,Toll样受体信号通路及丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路等生物学过程干预脑缺血。此外,谷红液射液干预脑缺血的差异基因关联到20个脑缺血疾病相关的靶标,且关联到64个MAPK信号通路相关的基因,其中23个基因参与凋亡与炎症等过程。结论:谷红注射液通过多条途径发挥抗脑缺血作用,其中MAPK信号通路是其发挥抗凋亡及炎症作用的重要途径。
文摘Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein （CIRP） is an RNA-binding protein that is expressed in normal testes and downregulated after heat stress caused by cryptorchidism, varicocele or environmental temperatures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of CIRP in the testes. We employed RNAi technique to knock down the expression of CIRP in the testes, and performed haematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate morphological changes following knockdown. Germ cell apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling （TUNEL） assay, and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signalling pathways were investigated by Western blotting to determine the possible mechanism of apoptosis. We found that using siRNA is a feasible and reliable method for knocking down gene expression in the testes. Compared to controls, the mean seminiferous tubule diameter （MSTD） and the thickness of the germ cell layers decreased following siRNA treatment, whereas the percentage of apoptotic seminiferous tubules increased. The p44/p42, p38 and SAPK/JNK MAPK pathways were activated after downregulation of CIRP. In conclusion, we discovered that downregulation of CIRP resulted in increased germ cell apoptosis, possibly viathe activation of the p44/p42, p38 and SAPK/JNK MAPK pathways.
文摘促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)在线虫的生长发育等方面具有重要作用,本研究探索利用RNAi技术沉默南方根结线虫mapk-1基因来抑制线虫的生长发育。根据mapk-1基因的cDNA序列设计引物,通过体外转录合成约550bp的dsRNA对南方根结线虫的卵进行RNAi以沉默mapk-1基因。试验结果表明,将南方根结线虫的卵块浸泡在含有2mg/mL dsRNA的M9缓冲溶液中,24h后卵块孵化出的2龄幼虫数量明显多于对照组(无dsRNA),但孵化出的幼虫死亡率高达90%,而对照组的死亡率低于5%,说明mapk-1基因的沉默抑制了卵块的孵化和线虫的生长,同时将孵化的幼虫接种番茄,14d后番茄根部无根结产生,35d后无卵块产生;而浸泡72h后卵块孵化出的2龄幼虫几乎全部死亡,并且孵化的线虫数量明显少于对照。提取导入dsRNA的卵块的RNA进行半定量PCR分析,结果表明mapk-1基因的mRNA被降解。
