Common mechanisms plants use to translate the external stimuli into cellular responses are the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） cascade. These MAPK cascades are highly conserved in eukaryotes an...Common mechanisms plants use to translate the external stimuli into cellular responses are the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） cascade. These MAPK cascades are highly conserved in eukaryotes and consist of three subsequently acting protein kinases, MAP kinase kinase kinase （MAPKKK）, MAP kinase kinase （MAPKK） and MAP kinase （MAPK） which are linked in various ways with upstream receptors and downstream targets. Plant MAPK cascades regulate numerous processes, including various environmental stresses, hormones, cell division and developmental processes. The number of MAPKKs in Arabidopsis and rice is almost half the number of MAPKs pointing important role of MAPKKs in integrating signals from several MAPKKKs and transducing signals to various MAPKs. The cross talks between different signal transduction pathways are concentrated at the level of MAPKK in the MAPK cascade. Here we discussed the insights into MAPKK mediated response to environmental stresses and in plant growth and development.展开更多
目的研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶4(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4,MKK4)在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测45例原发性肝细胞癌及其癌旁组织和20例正常肝脏组织中的MKK4蛋白的表达,并分析...目的研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶4(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4,MKK4)在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测45例原发性肝细胞癌及其癌旁组织和20例正常肝脏组织中的MKK4蛋白的表达,并分析其与肝细胞癌临床病理参数之间的关系。结果肝细胞癌组织中MKK4蛋白阳性表达率(75.6%)较癌旁(100.0%)及正常肝脏组织(100.0%)中低,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MKK4蛋白表达与肿瘤有无转移、肿瘤分化程度及临床分期有关(P<0.05),与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、乙肝表面抗原情况无关(P>0.05)。结论 MKK4可能与原发性肝细胞癌侵袭转移的过程有关,并可能成为一个判断肝细胞癌转移潜能大小的潜在观测指标。展开更多
文摘Common mechanisms plants use to translate the external stimuli into cellular responses are the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） cascade. These MAPK cascades are highly conserved in eukaryotes and consist of three subsequently acting protein kinases, MAP kinase kinase kinase （MAPKKK）, MAP kinase kinase （MAPKK） and MAP kinase （MAPK） which are linked in various ways with upstream receptors and downstream targets. Plant MAPK cascades regulate numerous processes, including various environmental stresses, hormones, cell division and developmental processes. The number of MAPKKs in Arabidopsis and rice is almost half the number of MAPKs pointing important role of MAPKKs in integrating signals from several MAPKKKs and transducing signals to various MAPKs. The cross talks between different signal transduction pathways are concentrated at the level of MAPKK in the MAPK cascade. Here we discussed the insights into MAPKK mediated response to environmental stresses and in plant growth and development.
