The complete mitochondrial genome of the Parathyma sulpitia （Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae） was determined. The entire mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） molecule was 15 268 bp in size. Its gene content and organ...The complete mitochondrial genome of the Parathyma sulpitia （Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae） was determined. The entire mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） molecule was 15 268 bp in size. Its gene content and organization were the same as those of other lepidopteran species, except for the presence of the 121 bp long intergenic spacer between trnSI（AGN）and trnE. The 13 protein-coding genes （PCGs） started with the typical ATN codon, with the exception of the coxl gene that used CGA as its initial codon. In addition, all protein-coding genes terminated at the common stop codon TAA, except the nad4 gene which used a single T as its terminating codon. All 22 tRNA genes possessed the typical clover leaf secondary structure except for trnSI（AGN）, which had a simple loop with the absence of the DHU stem. Excluding the A＋T-rich region, the mtDNA genome of P. sulpitia harbored 11 intergenic spacers, the longest of which was 121 bp long with the highest A＋T content （100%）, located between trnSI（AGN） and trnE. As in other lepidopteran species, there was an 18-bp poly-T stretch at the 3＇-end of the A＋T-rich region, and there were a few short microsatellite-like repeat regions without conspicuous macro-repeats in the A＋T-rich region. The phylogenetic analyses of the published complete mt genomes from nine Nymphalidae species were conducted using the concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicated that Limenitidinae was a sister to the Heliconiinae among the main Nymphalidae lineages in this study, strongly supporting the results of previous molecular data, while contradicting speculations based on morphological characters.展开更多
Mitoehondria are involved in apoptosis of mammalian cells and even singlecell organisms, but mitochondria are not required in apoptosis in cultured Drosophila cells such as S2 and BG2 cell lines. It is not very clear ...Mitoehondria are involved in apoptosis of mammalian cells and even singlecell organisms, but mitochondria are not required in apoptosis in cultured Drosophila cells such as S2 and BG2 cell lines. It is not very clear whether mitochondria are involved in apoptosis in other insect cells such as lepidopteran cell lines. Thus, we determined to elucidate the role of mitochondria in apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation in Spodoptera litura （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） cell line （SL-ZSU-1）. The Western blot results suggested that cytochrome c in the ultraviolet-treated SL-1 cells was released from the mitochondria to cytosol as early as 4 h after the induction of ultraviolet radiation and increased in the cytosolic fractions in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential （△ ψm） of SL-ZSU-1 cell treated with ultraviolet-C （UV-C） light indicated the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was dependent on the times of ultraviolet treatment. Both of them are different from apoptosis in cultured Drosophila melanogaster cell lines （S2 and BG2） and it appears evident mitochondria are involved in apoptosis of the studied lepidopteran cells.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41172004)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX22YW2JC104)+1 种基金the Provincial Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation from the Anhui Province, China (KJ2010A142)the Open Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The complete mitochondrial genome of the Parathyma sulpitia （Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae） was determined. The entire mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） molecule was 15 268 bp in size. Its gene content and organization were the same as those of other lepidopteran species, except for the presence of the 121 bp long intergenic spacer between trnSI（AGN）and trnE. The 13 protein-coding genes （PCGs） started with the typical ATN codon, with the exception of the coxl gene that used CGA as its initial codon. In addition, all protein-coding genes terminated at the common stop codon TAA, except the nad4 gene which used a single T as its terminating codon. All 22 tRNA genes possessed the typical clover leaf secondary structure except for trnSI（AGN）, which had a simple loop with the absence of the DHU stem. Excluding the A＋T-rich region, the mtDNA genome of P. sulpitia harbored 11 intergenic spacers, the longest of which was 121 bp long with the highest A＋T content （100%）, located between trnSI（AGN） and trnE. As in other lepidopteran species, there was an 18-bp poly-T stretch at the 3＇-end of the A＋T-rich region, and there were a few short microsatellite-like repeat regions without conspicuous macro-repeats in the A＋T-rich region. The phylogenetic analyses of the published complete mt genomes from nine Nymphalidae species were conducted using the concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicated that Limenitidinae was a sister to the Heliconiinae among the main Nymphalidae lineages in this study, strongly supporting the results of previous molecular data, while contradicting speculations based on morphological characters.
基金Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No： 30470073） and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province （Grant No： 2007ABA 160）.
文摘Mitoehondria are involved in apoptosis of mammalian cells and even singlecell organisms, but mitochondria are not required in apoptosis in cultured Drosophila cells such as S2 and BG2 cell lines. It is not very clear whether mitochondria are involved in apoptosis in other insect cells such as lepidopteran cell lines. Thus, we determined to elucidate the role of mitochondria in apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation in Spodoptera litura （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） cell line （SL-ZSU-1）. The Western blot results suggested that cytochrome c in the ultraviolet-treated SL-1 cells was released from the mitochondria to cytosol as early as 4 h after the induction of ultraviolet radiation and increased in the cytosolic fractions in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential （△ ψm） of SL-ZSU-1 cell treated with ultraviolet-C （UV-C） light indicated the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was dependent on the times of ultraviolet treatment. Both of them are different from apoptosis in cultured Drosophila melanogaster cell lines （S2 and BG2） and it appears evident mitochondria are involved in apoptosis of the studied lepidopteran cells.
