东南印度洋中脊(Southeast Indian Ridge, SEIR)是印度洋中扩张速度最快的洋中脊,由SEIR增生的洋壳占印度洋总面积的50%以上,它是塑造印度洋现今构造格局的关键要素.相对西南印度洋中脊和西北印度洋中脊, SEIR具有更复杂的地质构造特征...东南印度洋中脊(Southeast Indian Ridge, SEIR)是印度洋中扩张速度最快的洋中脊,由SEIR增生的洋壳占印度洋总面积的50%以上,它是塑造印度洋现今构造格局的关键要素.相对西南印度洋中脊和西北印度洋中脊, SEIR具有更复杂的地质构造特征和演化过程.综合SEIR及邻区海底高原的地形地貌特征、重磁异常特征和玄武岩地球化学特征,探讨了SEIR的分段、洋中脊演化过程和地幔不均一性,以及板内火山作用与洋中脊的成因关系等.本文将有助于深入理解东南印度洋区域的构造演化历史,全面理解整个印度洋的洋中脊系统和大地构造格局,增进对冈瓦纳大陆裂解和印度洋演化过程的认识.初步研究认为东南印度洋区是多期洋中脊演化的结果,经历了北西向扩张、南北向扩张直至北东向扩张的三期洋壳增生过程.东南印度洋脊下的地幔源区存在不均一性,尤其是阿姆斯特丹-圣保罗海底高原和澳大利亚-南极错乱带两个区域.东南印度洋中的海底高原与热点火山作用密切相关,同时部分存在热点-洋脊相互作用或残留陆壳物质的影响.展开更多
The geological evolution of the Earth during the mid-Cretaceous were shown to be anomalous, e.g., the pause of the geomagnetic field, the global sea level rise, and increased intra-plate volcanic activities, which cou...The geological evolution of the Earth during the mid-Cretaceous were shown to be anomalous, e.g., the pause of the geomagnetic field, the global sea level rise, and increased intra-plate volcanic activities, which could be attributed to deep mantle processes. As the anomalous volcanic activities occurred mainly in the Cretaceous Pacific, here we use basalt chemical compositions from the oceanic drilling（DSDP/ODP/IODP） sites to investigate their mantle sources and melting conditions. Based on locations relative to the Pacific plateaus, we classified these sites as oceanic plateau basalts, normal mid-ocean ridge basalts, and near-plateau seafloor basalts. This study shows that those normal mid-ocean ridge basalts formed during mid-Cretaceous are broadly similar in average Na8, La/Sm and Sm/Yb ratios and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions to modern Pacific spreading ridge（the East Pacific Rise）. The Ontong Java plateau（125–90 Ma） basalts have distinctly lower Na8 and143Nd/144 Nd, and higher La/Sm and 87Sr/86 Sr than normal seafloor basalts, whereas those for the near-plateau seafloor basalts are similar to the plateau basalts, indicating influences from the Ontong Java mantle source. The super mantle plume activity that might have formed the Ontong Java plateau influenced the mantle source of the simultaneously formed large areas of seafloor basalts. Based on the chemical data from normal seafloor basalts, I propose that the mantle compositions and melting conditions of the normal mid-ocean ridges during the Cretaceous are similar to the fast spreading East Pacific Rise. Slight variations of mid-Cretaceous normal seafloor basalts in melting conditions could be related to the local mantle source and spreading rate.展开更多
文摘东南印度洋中脊(Southeast Indian Ridge, SEIR)是印度洋中扩张速度最快的洋中脊,由SEIR增生的洋壳占印度洋总面积的50%以上,它是塑造印度洋现今构造格局的关键要素.相对西南印度洋中脊和西北印度洋中脊, SEIR具有更复杂的地质构造特征和演化过程.综合SEIR及邻区海底高原的地形地貌特征、重磁异常特征和玄武岩地球化学特征,探讨了SEIR的分段、洋中脊演化过程和地幔不均一性,以及板内火山作用与洋中脊的成因关系等.本文将有助于深入理解东南印度洋区域的构造演化历史,全面理解整个印度洋的洋中脊系统和大地构造格局,增进对冈瓦纳大陆裂解和印度洋演化过程的认识.初步研究认为东南印度洋区是多期洋中脊演化的结果,经历了北西向扩张、南北向扩张直至北东向扩张的三期洋壳增生过程.东南印度洋脊下的地幔源区存在不均一性,尤其是阿姆斯特丹-圣保罗海底高原和澳大利亚-南极错乱带两个区域.东南印度洋中的海底高原与热点火山作用密切相关,同时部分存在热点-洋脊相互作用或残留陆壳物质的影响.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42073007,41803003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2080000149).
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.XDA11030103the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41376065,41176043 and 41522602the project of"Ao Shan"excellent scholar for Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
文摘The geological evolution of the Earth during the mid-Cretaceous were shown to be anomalous, e.g., the pause of the geomagnetic field, the global sea level rise, and increased intra-plate volcanic activities, which could be attributed to deep mantle processes. As the anomalous volcanic activities occurred mainly in the Cretaceous Pacific, here we use basalt chemical compositions from the oceanic drilling（DSDP/ODP/IODP） sites to investigate their mantle sources and melting conditions. Based on locations relative to the Pacific plateaus, we classified these sites as oceanic plateau basalts, normal mid-ocean ridge basalts, and near-plateau seafloor basalts. This study shows that those normal mid-ocean ridge basalts formed during mid-Cretaceous are broadly similar in average Na8, La/Sm and Sm/Yb ratios and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions to modern Pacific spreading ridge（the East Pacific Rise）. The Ontong Java plateau（125–90 Ma） basalts have distinctly lower Na8 and143Nd/144 Nd, and higher La/Sm and 87Sr/86 Sr than normal seafloor basalts, whereas those for the near-plateau seafloor basalts are similar to the plateau basalts, indicating influences from the Ontong Java mantle source. The super mantle plume activity that might have formed the Ontong Java plateau influenced the mantle source of the simultaneously formed large areas of seafloor basalts. Based on the chemical data from normal seafloor basalts, I propose that the mantle compositions and melting conditions of the normal mid-ocean ridges during the Cretaceous are similar to the fast spreading East Pacific Rise. Slight variations of mid-Cretaceous normal seafloor basalts in melting conditions could be related to the local mantle source and spreading rate.
