The Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum （MMCO; 15-17 Ma） was one of the short-term climatic warm events that punctuated the Cenozoic long-term cooling trend. Because there are very few terrestrial records of this event, m...The Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum （MMCO; 15-17 Ma） was one of the short-term climatic warm events that punctuated the Cenozoic long-term cooling trend. Because there are very few terrestrial records of this event, most of our understanding comes from marine cores. In this report, we first present new palaeomagnetic data that revises the dating of our 400 m-thick lacustrine section in Wenshan （Yunnan）, previously thought to be Late Mio- cene. These new data suggest an older age, ca. 15.2-16.5 Ma, coinciding with the MMCO. We measured δ13C on bulk organic matter （3 Corg）, total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and C/N ratios at a high sample resolution to： （1） reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental changes in the lake catchment area, and （2） infer mechanisms responsible for these changes. Our results show that all four geochemical parameters demonstrate that a strong environmental change occurred around the middle of the section, shortly after the C5Cn/C5Br geomagnetic reversal and the Early/Middle Miocene boundary at 15.97 Ma. We propose that the environmental shift may be due to a combination of a change in climate, which became cooler, together with a change in organic matter cycling within the lake. This study provides a new insight into the MMCO and demonstrates that although the MMCO was generally a warm event, it was also a time of climatic instability and abrupt environmental changes.展开更多
The Eastern Kunlun Mountains play an important role in the growth and eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonic and sedimentary study of the Cenozoic Qaidam Basin, especially the southern part, provides key ...The Eastern Kunlun Mountains play an important role in the growth and eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonic and sedimentary study of the Cenozoic Qaidam Basin, especially the southern part, provides key evidence for understanding their evolution. Here we present evidence including isopach maps, seismic sections and sedimentary analysis of single well to illustrate the sedimentary development of the basin and the structural features of its southern margin. The Qaidam Basin extended across Qiman Tagh-Eastern Kunlun Mountains in the early Cenozoic and withdrew northward at ca. 35.5 Ma, and then buckled as an EW striking elliptical depression since ca. 14.9 Ma, with the main depocenter migrating eastward. Our results support the view that the Kumukol and Hoh Xil basins joined the Qaidam Basin in the early Cenozoic time and we propose the Eastern Kunlun Mountains uplifted in the mid-Miocene.展开更多
The northeastern Tibetan Plateau is located at the convergence of the Asian winter and summer monsoons and westerlies; thus, this area has witnessed historic climate changes.The Xunhua basin is an intermontane basin o...The northeastern Tibetan Plateau is located at the convergence of the Asian winter and summer monsoons and westerlies; thus, this area has witnessed historic climate changes.The Xunhua basin is an intermontane basin on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The basin contains more than 2000 m of Cenozoic fluvial–lacustrine sediments, recording a long history of climate and environmental changes.We collected the mid-Miocene sediments from the Xunhua basin and used palynological methods to discuss the relationship between aridification in the interior of Asia, global cooling, and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.Based on the palynological analysis of the Xigou section, Xunhua basin, the palynological diagram is subdivided into three pollen zones and past vegetation and climate are reconstructed.Zone I, Ephedripites–Nitraridites–Chenopodipollis–Quercoidites（14.0–12.5 Ma）, represents mixed shrub–steppe vegetation with a dry and cold climate.In zone II, Pinaceae–Betulaepollenites–Ephedripites–Chenopodipollis–Graminidites（12.5–8.0 Ma）, the vegetation and climate conditions improved, even though the vegetation was still dominated by shrub–steppe taxa.Zone III, Ephedripites–Nitrariadites–Chenopodipollis（8.0–5.0 Ma）, represents desert steppe vegetation with drier and colder climate.The palynological records suggest that shrub–steppe dominated the whole Xigou section and the content gradually increased, implying a protracted aridification process, although there was an obvious climate improvement during 12.5–8.0 Ma.The aridification in the Xunhua basin and surrounding mountains during 14.0–12.5 Ma was probably related to global cooling induced by the rapid expansion of the East Antarctic ice-sheets and the relatively higher evaporation rate.During the 12.5–8.0 Ma period, although topographic changes（uplift of Jishi Shan） decreased precipitation and strengthened aridification in the Xunhua basin on leeward slopes, the improved vegetation and climate conditions were 展开更多
甘肃临夏盆地因巨厚的新生代陆相沉积和大量的哺乳动物化石而闻名于世,其中奇蹄目化石因在生物地层和古环境研究方面有重要意义而备受关注。本文描述了甘肃省临夏盆地发现的3种爪兽和一种安琪马化石。椒子沟地点的Schizotherium ordosiu...甘肃临夏盆地因巨厚的新生代陆相沉积和大量的哺乳动物化石而闻名于世,其中奇蹄目化石因在生物地层和古环境研究方面有重要意义而备受关注。本文描述了甘肃省临夏盆地发现的3种爪兽和一种安琪马化石。椒子沟地点的Schizotherium ordosium进一步证实椒子沟组的时代当属晚渐新世;老沟地点和上沟地点的Schizotheriinae gen. et sp. indet.和Anisodon sp.表明在中中新世全球气候适宜期,我国北方爪兽类的生物多样性是比较高的;上沟地点的Anchitherium gobiense是通古尔期的代表物种之一,它的存在说明上沟化石地点的时代为中中新世晚期。爪兽类和安琪马都是林栖型的动物,指示了临夏盆地晚渐新世以疏林环境为主,中中新世晚期温湿森林更加普遍。展开更多
Three kinds of artiodactyl footprints from Tunggur Formation are described: 1) four-toe footprint with all four subequal toes distinct;2) two-toe footprint with the posterior part joined and the anterior part distinct...Three kinds of artiodactyl footprints from Tunggur Formation are described: 1) four-toe footprint with all four subequal toes distinct;2) two-toe footprint with the posterior part joined and the anterior part distinct;3) two-toe footprint with the third and the forth digits completely distinct The anterior part of the four-toe footprint made by the third and the forth digits was about the same size and the same level as the posterior part of the footprint made by the second and the fifth digits. This kind of footprint described in the present paper was left by primitive aniodactyls. At present this field of investigation is lying fallow. Although most of the artiodactyls in Tunggur period left only two-toe footprint four-toe footprint reflects a relatively early stage of evolution from four-toe to two-toe artiodactyls since the first appearance of artiodactyls in Early Eocene.展开更多
基金The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which significantly improved the manuscript. The authors thank fellow members of staff of the Palaeoecology group in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences for assistance during sample collection and productive critical discussions Professor Yun Fu from the Central Laboratory of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences for assistance during the TN mea- surements+1 种基金 Dr. Olesya V. Bondarenko, from the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, for her help and support during sample preparation Yi-Min Tian from the Faculty of Land Resource Engi- neering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, for her assistance when preparing and observing thin sections. The authors are grateful to Dr. Andrea Kern from the USGS and Dr. Dayou Zhai from Yunnan University for fruitful discussions and suggestions to improve the manuscript. This study was supported by National Nat- ural Science Foundation of China （U1502231）, the CAS 135 Program （XTBG-F01）, and a grant from the China Scholarship Council to J. Lebreton Anberr6e （2013GCX606）. Shihu Li and Chenglong Deng acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （41404056）, and the State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution （11431780）. Shu-Feng Li was supported by the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, CAS （15310）. This work is part of the NECLIME （Neogene Climate of Eurasia） network.
文摘The Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum （MMCO; 15-17 Ma） was one of the short-term climatic warm events that punctuated the Cenozoic long-term cooling trend. Because there are very few terrestrial records of this event, most of our understanding comes from marine cores. In this report, we first present new palaeomagnetic data that revises the dating of our 400 m-thick lacustrine section in Wenshan （Yunnan）, previously thought to be Late Mio- cene. These new data suggest an older age, ca. 15.2-16.5 Ma, coinciding with the MMCO. We measured δ13C on bulk organic matter （3 Corg）, total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and C/N ratios at a high sample resolution to： （1） reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental changes in the lake catchment area, and （2） infer mechanisms responsible for these changes. Our results show that all four geochemical parameters demonstrate that a strong environmental change occurred around the middle of the section, shortly after the C5Cn/C5Br geomagnetic reversal and the Early/Middle Miocene boundary at 15.97 Ma. We propose that the environmental shift may be due to a combination of a change in climate, which became cooler, together with a change in organic matter cycling within the lake. This study provides a new insight into the MMCO and demonstrates that although the MMCO was generally a warm event, it was also a time of climatic instability and abrupt environmental changes.
基金supported by Qinghai Oilfield Company,PetroChina(Grant No.2007-technology-exploration-14)National Key Scientific and Technological Projects(Grant No.2008ZX05003-001)
文摘The Eastern Kunlun Mountains play an important role in the growth and eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonic and sedimentary study of the Cenozoic Qaidam Basin, especially the southern part, provides key evidence for understanding their evolution. Here we present evidence including isopach maps, seismic sections and sedimentary analysis of single well to illustrate the sedimentary development of the basin and the structural features of its southern margin. The Qaidam Basin extended across Qiman Tagh-Eastern Kunlun Mountains in the early Cenozoic and withdrew northward at ca. 35.5 Ma, and then buckled as an EW striking elliptical depression since ca. 14.9 Ma, with the main depocenter migrating eastward. Our results support the view that the Kumukol and Hoh Xil basins joined the Qaidam Basin in the early Cenozoic time and we propose the Eastern Kunlun Mountains uplifted in the mid-Miocene.
基金supported by Foundation of Geological Survey of China (no.1212011121261)the National Natural Science Foundation (no.40902049)the State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (no.GBL11307)
文摘The northeastern Tibetan Plateau is located at the convergence of the Asian winter and summer monsoons and westerlies; thus, this area has witnessed historic climate changes.The Xunhua basin is an intermontane basin on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The basin contains more than 2000 m of Cenozoic fluvial–lacustrine sediments, recording a long history of climate and environmental changes.We collected the mid-Miocene sediments from the Xunhua basin and used palynological methods to discuss the relationship between aridification in the interior of Asia, global cooling, and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.Based on the palynological analysis of the Xigou section, Xunhua basin, the palynological diagram is subdivided into three pollen zones and past vegetation and climate are reconstructed.Zone I, Ephedripites–Nitraridites–Chenopodipollis–Quercoidites（14.0–12.5 Ma）, represents mixed shrub–steppe vegetation with a dry and cold climate.In zone II, Pinaceae–Betulaepollenites–Ephedripites–Chenopodipollis–Graminidites（12.5–8.0 Ma）, the vegetation and climate conditions improved, even though the vegetation was still dominated by shrub–steppe taxa.Zone III, Ephedripites–Nitrariadites–Chenopodipollis（8.0–5.0 Ma）, represents desert steppe vegetation with drier and colder climate.The palynological records suggest that shrub–steppe dominated the whole Xigou section and the content gradually increased, implying a protracted aridification process, although there was an obvious climate improvement during 12.5–8.0 Ma.The aridification in the Xunhua basin and surrounding mountains during 14.0–12.5 Ma was probably related to global cooling induced by the rapid expansion of the East Antarctic ice-sheets and the relatively higher evaporation rate.During the 12.5–8.0 Ma period, although topographic changes（uplift of Jishi Shan） decreased precipitation and strengthened aridification in the Xunhua basin on leeward slopes, the improved vegetation and climate conditions were
文摘甘肃临夏盆地因巨厚的新生代陆相沉积和大量的哺乳动物化石而闻名于世,其中奇蹄目化石因在生物地层和古环境研究方面有重要意义而备受关注。本文描述了甘肃省临夏盆地发现的3种爪兽和一种安琪马化石。椒子沟地点的Schizotherium ordosium进一步证实椒子沟组的时代当属晚渐新世;老沟地点和上沟地点的Schizotheriinae gen. et sp. indet.和Anisodon sp.表明在中中新世全球气候适宜期,我国北方爪兽类的生物多样性是比较高的;上沟地点的Anchitherium gobiense是通古尔期的代表物种之一,它的存在说明上沟化石地点的时代为中中新世晚期。爪兽类和安琪马都是林栖型的动物,指示了临夏盆地晚渐新世以疏林环境为主,中中新世晚期温湿森林更加普遍。
文摘Three kinds of artiodactyl footprints from Tunggur Formation are described: 1) four-toe footprint with all four subequal toes distinct;2) two-toe footprint with the posterior part joined and the anterior part distinct;3) two-toe footprint with the third and the forth digits completely distinct The anterior part of the four-toe footprint made by the third and the forth digits was about the same size and the same level as the posterior part of the footprint made by the second and the fifth digits. This kind of footprint described in the present paper was left by primitive aniodactyls. At present this field of investigation is lying fallow. Although most of the artiodactyls in Tunggur period left only two-toe footprint four-toe footprint reflects a relatively early stage of evolution from four-toe to two-toe artiodactyls since the first appearance of artiodactyls in Early Eocene.
