Agroecosystems in the Senegalese groundnut basin experience long periods of high temperatures and drought, which disrupt the stability of soil microbial communities. This study evaluated how that stability is affected...Agroecosystems in the Senegalese groundnut basin experience long periods of high temperatures and drought, which disrupt the stability of soil microbial communities. This study evaluated how that stability is affected by homefields and outfields’ agricultural practices and the duration of heat stress. Specifically, we collected soils from organically farmed fields that receive continual high inputs of manure (homefields), and from fields that are rarely manured (outfields). Soil samples were submitted to artificial heat stress at 60°C for 3, 14, and 28 days, followed by 28 days of recovery at 28°C. We examined the functional stability of microbial communities by quantifying C mineralization, and characterized the stability of the communities’ taxonomic compositions via high-throughput DNA sequencing. We found that the microbial communities have a low resistance to heat stress in soils from both types of fields. However, the manuring practice does affect how the functional stability of microbial communities responds to different durations of heat stress. Although functional stability was not recovered fully in either soil, microbial community resilience seemed to be greater in homefield soils. Differences in manuring practices also affected the structural taxonomic stability of microbial communities: relative abundances of Bacilli, Chloroflexia, Actinobacteria and Sordariomycetes increased in the homefield stressed-soils, but decreased significantly in outfield soils. In contrast, relative abundances of α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Eurotiomycetes increased significantly in outfield stressed-soils, while decreasing significantly in the homefield soils. Relative abundances of Bacilli changed little in outfield soils, indicating that this taxon is resistant to heat stress. In summary, the microbial communities’ capacities to resist heat stress and recover from it depend upon the organic richness of the soil (i.e., manuring practice) and the adaptation of soil microbes to environmental conditions.展开更多
Plant health and performance are highly dependent on the root microbiome.The impact of agricultural management on the soil microbiome has been studied extensively.However,a comprehensive understanding of how soil type...Plant health and performance are highly dependent on the root microbiome.The impact of agricultural management on the soil microbiome has been studied extensively.However,a comprehensive understanding of how soil types and fertilization regimes affect both soil and root microbiome is still lacking,such as how fertilization regimes affect the root microbiome's stability,and whether it follows the same patterns as the soil microbiome.In this study,we carried out a longterm experiment to see how different soil types,plant varieties,and fertilizer regimens affected the soil and root bacterial communities.Our results revealed higher stability of microbial networks under combined organic-inorganic fertilization than those relied solely on inorganic or organic fertilization.The root microbiome variation was predominantly caused by total nitrogen,while the soil microbiome variation was primarily caused by pH and soil organic matter.Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were major drivers when the soil was amended with organic fertilizer,but Actinobacteria was found to be enriched in the soil when the soil was treated with inorganic fertilizer.Our findings demonstrate how the soil and root microbiome respond to diverse fertilizing regimes,and hence contribute to a better understanding of smart fertilizer as a strategy for sustainable agriculture.展开更多
The microbial consortium GF-20(GF-20) can efficiently decompose corn stover at low temperatures. The present study explored the key microbes of GF-20 and evaluated different culture conditions on its composition stabi...The microbial consortium GF-20(GF-20) can efficiently decompose corn stover at low temperatures. The present study explored the key microbes of GF-20 and evaluated different culture conditions on its composition stability to promote the utilization of corn stover decomposing microbes in low temperature regions. GF-20 was subcultured to the 15 th generation under different temperatures, pHs, carbon, and nitrogen sources. Then, the dynamics of fermenting pH, cellulose enzyme activities, carbohydrate concentration, and oxidation reduction potential were determined to estimate the degradation efficiency of corn stover with GF-20. Furthermore, the structural stability and functional microbes of GF-20 were identified on the basis of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) profiling and principal component analysis. The results showed that the offspring of GF-20 subcultured under different temperatures(4–30°C) and pH(6.0–9.0) conditions maintained stable growth, decomposition function, and composition structure. Furthermore, consortia GF-20 had a stable composition structure, which induced GF-20 to secrete cellulose and promote substrate decomposition as corn stover and ammonium were used as sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. According to the PCR-DGGE profiles, the key strains of GF-20 were determined to be Bacillus licheniformis, Cellvibrio mixtus subsp. mixtus, Bacillus tequilensis, Clostridium populeti, and Clostridium xylanolyticum.展开更多
Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiom...Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases.Therefore,the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity,robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations.Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system.In this review,we present an overview of the swine gut microbiota,factors affecting the gut microbiome and the importance of microbial stability in promoting optimal intestinal health.Additionally,we discussed the current understanding of nutritional interventions using fibers and pre/probiotics supplementation as non-antibiotic alternatives to maintain microbiota resilience to replace diminished species.展开更多
文摘Agroecosystems in the Senegalese groundnut basin experience long periods of high temperatures and drought, which disrupt the stability of soil microbial communities. This study evaluated how that stability is affected by homefields and outfields’ agricultural practices and the duration of heat stress. Specifically, we collected soils from organically farmed fields that receive continual high inputs of manure (homefields), and from fields that are rarely manured (outfields). Soil samples were submitted to artificial heat stress at 60°C for 3, 14, and 28 days, followed by 28 days of recovery at 28°C. We examined the functional stability of microbial communities by quantifying C mineralization, and characterized the stability of the communities’ taxonomic compositions via high-throughput DNA sequencing. We found that the microbial communities have a low resistance to heat stress in soils from both types of fields. However, the manuring practice does affect how the functional stability of microbial communities responds to different durations of heat stress. Although functional stability was not recovered fully in either soil, microbial community resilience seemed to be greater in homefield soils. Differences in manuring practices also affected the structural taxonomic stability of microbial communities: relative abundances of Bacilli, Chloroflexia, Actinobacteria and Sordariomycetes increased in the homefield stressed-soils, but decreased significantly in outfield soils. In contrast, relative abundances of α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Eurotiomycetes increased significantly in outfield stressed-soils, while decreasing significantly in the homefield soils. Relative abundances of Bacilli changed little in outfield soils, indicating that this taxon is resistant to heat stress. In summary, the microbial communities’ capacities to resist heat stress and recover from it depend upon the organic richness of the soil (i.e., manuring practice) and the adaptation of soil microbes to environmental conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1700900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972519)the Taishan Industry Leading Talents HighEfficiency Agriculture Innovation Project(Grant No.LJNY202125).
文摘Plant health and performance are highly dependent on the root microbiome.The impact of agricultural management on the soil microbiome has been studied extensively.However,a comprehensive understanding of how soil types and fertilization regimes affect both soil and root microbiome is still lacking,such as how fertilization regimes affect the root microbiome's stability,and whether it follows the same patterns as the soil microbiome.In this study,we carried out a longterm experiment to see how different soil types,plant varieties,and fertilizer regimens affected the soil and root bacterial communities.Our results revealed higher stability of microbial networks under combined organic-inorganic fertilization than those relied solely on inorganic or organic fertilization.The root microbiome variation was predominantly caused by total nitrogen,while the soil microbiome variation was primarily caused by pH and soil organic matter.Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were major drivers when the soil was amended with organic fertilizer,but Actinobacteria was found to be enriched in the soil when the soil was treated with inorganic fertilizer.Our findings demonstrate how the soil and root microbiome respond to diverse fertilizing regimes,and hence contribute to a better understanding of smart fertilizer as a strategy for sustainable agriculture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760353 and 31560360)the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0300804 and 2016YFD0300103)+2 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-63)the Crop Science Observation & Experiment Station in Loess Plateau of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, China (25204120)the Advanced Talented Scholars of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China (NDYB2016-15)
文摘The microbial consortium GF-20(GF-20) can efficiently decompose corn stover at low temperatures. The present study explored the key microbes of GF-20 and evaluated different culture conditions on its composition stability to promote the utilization of corn stover decomposing microbes in low temperature regions. GF-20 was subcultured to the 15 th generation under different temperatures, pHs, carbon, and nitrogen sources. Then, the dynamics of fermenting pH, cellulose enzyme activities, carbohydrate concentration, and oxidation reduction potential were determined to estimate the degradation efficiency of corn stover with GF-20. Furthermore, the structural stability and functional microbes of GF-20 were identified on the basis of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) profiling and principal component analysis. The results showed that the offspring of GF-20 subcultured under different temperatures(4–30°C) and pH(6.0–9.0) conditions maintained stable growth, decomposition function, and composition structure. Furthermore, consortia GF-20 had a stable composition structure, which induced GF-20 to secrete cellulose and promote substrate decomposition as corn stover and ammonium were used as sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. According to the PCR-DGGE profiles, the key strains of GF-20 were determined to be Bacillus licheniformis, Cellvibrio mixtus subsp. mixtus, Bacillus tequilensis, Clostridium populeti, and Clostridium xylanolyticum.
基金supported by the Department of Animal Resources&Science through the Research Focused Department Promotion Project as a part of the University Innovation Support Program for Dankook University in 2022。
文摘Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases.Therefore,the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity,robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations.Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system.In this review,we present an overview of the swine gut microbiota,factors affecting the gut microbiome and the importance of microbial stability in promoting optimal intestinal health.Additionally,we discussed the current understanding of nutritional interventions using fibers and pre/probiotics supplementation as non-antibiotic alternatives to maintain microbiota resilience to replace diminished species.
