以单施秸秆为对照,研究秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥对土壤温度、土壤根际微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)在水稻不同生育期,与对照相比秸秆还田配施化肥各处理在8:00和20:00均提高了土壤温度,而在14:00降低了土壤温度。从地温日较差...以单施秸秆为对照,研究秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥对土壤温度、土壤根际微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)在水稻不同生育期,与对照相比秸秆还田配施化肥各处理在8:00和20:00均提高了土壤温度,而在14:00降低了土壤温度。从地温日较差分析可知,秸秆还田配施化肥处理的整日地温变化幅度低于对照,且差异显著。此外随着土层深度的增加,秸秆还田配施化肥处理与对照间的差距逐渐减少,调温作用逐渐减弱。(2)秸秆还田配施化肥各处理能够增加根际土壤总细菌、放线菌、真菌、氨氧化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、亚硝酸细菌、磷细菌和好气性纤维素分解菌的数量,但普遍区组间差异不显著。除了秸秆还田配施低量NP处理(SNP1,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 150 kg hm-2+P2O575 kg hm-2)以外,秸秆还田配施化肥各处理的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶活性均高于对照,但区组间均未达到显著差异。因此,秸秆还田配施化肥能合理调节土壤温度,显著提高土壤微生物的数量与活性,有利于土壤生态环境的改善,其中秸秆还田配施NPK处理(SNPK1,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 150 kg hm-2+P2O575 kg hm-2+K2O 37.5 kg hm-2;SNPK2,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 225 kg hm-2+P2O5112.5 kg hm-2+K2O 56.3 kg hm-2)效果最为显著。展开更多
Soil microbes play a major role in ecological processes and are closely associated with the aboveground plant community. In order to understand the effects of vegetation type on the characteristics of soil microbial c...Soil microbes play a major role in ecological processes and are closely associated with the aboveground plant community. In order to understand the effects of vegetation type on the characteristics of soil microbial communities, the soil microbial communities were assessed by plate counts, phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） and Biolog microplate techniques in five plant communities, i.e., soybean field （SF）, artificial turf （AT）, artificial shrub （AS）, natural shrub （NS）, and maize field （MF） in Jinan, Shandong Province, North China. The results showed that plant diversity had little discernible effect on microbial biomass but a positive impact on the evenness of utilized substrates in Biolog microplate. Legumes could significantly enhance the number of cultural microorganisms, microbial biomass, and community catabolic diversity. Except for SF dominated by legumes, the biomass of fungi and the catabolic diversity of microbial community were higher in less disturbed soil beneath NS than in frequently disturbed soils beneath the other vegetation types. These results confirmed that high number of plant species, legumes, and natural vegetation types tend to support soil microbial communities with higher function. The present study also found a significant correlation between the number of cultured bacteria and catabolic diversity of the bacterial community. Different research methods led to varied results in this study. The combination of several approaches is recommended for accurately describing the characteristics of microbial communities in many respects.展开更多
BACKGROUND About one-third of refractory irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)cases are caused by gastrointestinal(GI)infection/inflammation,known as post-infectious/postinflammatory IBS(PI-IBS).Although it is known that inte...BACKGROUND About one-third of refractory irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)cases are caused by gastrointestinal(GI)infection/inflammation,known as post-infectious/postinflammatory IBS(PI-IBS).Although it is known that intestinal microbiota and host NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6(NLRP6)inflammsome signaling are closely related to PI-IBS and moxibustion has a therapeutic effect on PI-IBS,whether moxibustion regulates the intestinal flora and host NLRP6 events in PI-IBS remains unclear.AIM To examine the regulatory effect of moxibustion on intestinal microbiota and host NLRP6 inflammatory signaling in PI-IBS.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal control group,a model control group,a mild moxibustion group,and a sham mild moxibustion group.PI-IBS rats in the mild moxibustion group were treated with moxibusiton at bilateral Tianshu(ST 25)and Zusanli(ST36)for 7 consecutive days for 10 min each time.The sham group rats were given the same treatment as the mild moxibustion group except the moxa stick was not ignited.Abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)score was measured to assess the visceral sensitivity,and colon histopathology and ultrastructure,colonic myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity,and serum C-reactive protein(CRP)level were measured to evaluate low-grade colonic inflammation in rats.The relative abundance of selected intestinal bacteria in rat feces was detected by 16S rDNA PCR and the NLRP6 inflammsome signaling in the colon was detected by immunofluorescence,qRTPCR,and Western blot.RESULTS The AWR score was significantly decreased and the low-grade intestinal inflammation reflected by serum CRP and colonic MPO levels was inhibited in the mild moxibustion group compared with the sham group.Mild moxibustion remarkably increased the relative DNA abundances of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii but decreased that of Escherichia coli in the gut of PI-IBS rats.Additionally,mild moxibustion induced mRNA and protein expression of intestine lectin 1 but inhibited the ex展开更多
文摘以单施秸秆为对照,研究秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥对土壤温度、土壤根际微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)在水稻不同生育期,与对照相比秸秆还田配施化肥各处理在8:00和20:00均提高了土壤温度,而在14:00降低了土壤温度。从地温日较差分析可知,秸秆还田配施化肥处理的整日地温变化幅度低于对照,且差异显著。此外随着土层深度的增加,秸秆还田配施化肥处理与对照间的差距逐渐减少,调温作用逐渐减弱。(2)秸秆还田配施化肥各处理能够增加根际土壤总细菌、放线菌、真菌、氨氧化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、亚硝酸细菌、磷细菌和好气性纤维素分解菌的数量,但普遍区组间差异不显著。除了秸秆还田配施低量NP处理(SNP1,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 150 kg hm-2+P2O575 kg hm-2)以外,秸秆还田配施化肥各处理的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶活性均高于对照,但区组间均未达到显著差异。因此,秸秆还田配施化肥能合理调节土壤温度,显著提高土壤微生物的数量与活性,有利于土壤生态环境的改善,其中秸秆还田配施NPK处理(SNPK1,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 150 kg hm-2+P2O575 kg hm-2+K2O 37.5 kg hm-2;SNPK2,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 225 kg hm-2+P2O5112.5 kg hm-2+K2O 56.3 kg hm-2)效果最为显著。
基金Project supported by the Outstanding Young Scientists Foundation Grant of Shandong Province (No.2005BS08010)China Geological Survey Project (No.1212010310306)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.Z2006D04).
文摘Soil microbes play a major role in ecological processes and are closely associated with the aboveground plant community. In order to understand the effects of vegetation type on the characteristics of soil microbial communities, the soil microbial communities were assessed by plate counts, phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） and Biolog microplate techniques in five plant communities, i.e., soybean field （SF）, artificial turf （AT）, artificial shrub （AS）, natural shrub （NS）, and maize field （MF） in Jinan, Shandong Province, North China. The results showed that plant diversity had little discernible effect on microbial biomass but a positive impact on the evenness of utilized substrates in Biolog microplate. Legumes could significantly enhance the number of cultural microorganisms, microbial biomass, and community catabolic diversity. Except for SF dominated by legumes, the biomass of fungi and the catabolic diversity of microbial community were higher in less disturbed soil beneath NS than in frequently disturbed soils beneath the other vegetation types. These results confirmed that high number of plant species, legumes, and natural vegetation types tend to support soil microbial communities with higher function. The present study also found a significant correlation between the number of cultured bacteria and catabolic diversity of the bacterial community. Different research methods led to varied results in this study. The combination of several approaches is recommended for accurately describing the characteristics of microbial communities in many respects.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81503656the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2015CB554501 and No.2009CB522900
文摘BACKGROUND About one-third of refractory irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)cases are caused by gastrointestinal(GI)infection/inflammation,known as post-infectious/postinflammatory IBS(PI-IBS).Although it is known that intestinal microbiota and host NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6(NLRP6)inflammsome signaling are closely related to PI-IBS and moxibustion has a therapeutic effect on PI-IBS,whether moxibustion regulates the intestinal flora and host NLRP6 events in PI-IBS remains unclear.AIM To examine the regulatory effect of moxibustion on intestinal microbiota and host NLRP6 inflammatory signaling in PI-IBS.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal control group,a model control group,a mild moxibustion group,and a sham mild moxibustion group.PI-IBS rats in the mild moxibustion group were treated with moxibusiton at bilateral Tianshu(ST 25)and Zusanli(ST36)for 7 consecutive days for 10 min each time.The sham group rats were given the same treatment as the mild moxibustion group except the moxa stick was not ignited.Abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)score was measured to assess the visceral sensitivity,and colon histopathology and ultrastructure,colonic myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity,and serum C-reactive protein(CRP)level were measured to evaluate low-grade colonic inflammation in rats.The relative abundance of selected intestinal bacteria in rat feces was detected by 16S rDNA PCR and the NLRP6 inflammsome signaling in the colon was detected by immunofluorescence,qRTPCR,and Western blot.RESULTS The AWR score was significantly decreased and the low-grade intestinal inflammation reflected by serum CRP and colonic MPO levels was inhibited in the mild moxibustion group compared with the sham group.Mild moxibustion remarkably increased the relative DNA abundances of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii but decreased that of Escherichia coli in the gut of PI-IBS rats.Additionally,mild moxibustion induced mRNA and protein expression of intestine lectin 1 but inhibited the ex
