Micro-/nano-motors(MNMs)or swimmers are minuscule machines that can convert various forms of energy,such as chemical,electrical,or magnetic energy,into motion.These devices have attracted significant attention owing t...Micro-/nano-motors(MNMs)or swimmers are minuscule machines that can convert various forms of energy,such as chemical,electrical,or magnetic energy,into motion.These devices have attracted significant attention owing to their potential application in a wide range of fields such as drug delivery,sensing,and microfabrication.However,owing to their diverse shapes,sizes,and structural/chemical compositions,the development of MNMs faces several challenges,such as understanding their structure-function relationships,which is crucial for achieving precise control over their motion within complex environments.In recent years,machine learning techniques have shown promise in addressing these challenges and improving the performance of MNMs.Machine learning techniques can analyze large amounts of data,learn from patterns,and make predictions,thereby enabling MNMs to navigate complex environments,avoid obstacles,and perform tasks with higher efficiency and reliability.This review introduces the current state-of-the-art machine learning techniques in MNM research,with a particular focus on employing machine learning to understand and manipulate the navigation and locomotion of MNMs.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities in this field and suggest future research directions.展开更多
Micro/nanomotors(MNMs)are miniaturized machines that can convert many kinds of energy into mechanical motion.Over the past decades,a variety of driving mechanisms have been developed,which have greatly extended the ap...Micro/nanomotors(MNMs)are miniaturized machines that can convert many kinds of energy into mechanical motion.Over the past decades,a variety of driving mechanisms have been developed,which have greatly extended the application scenarios of MNMs.Enzymes exist in natural organisms which can convert chemical energy into mechanical force.It is an innovative attempt to utilize enzymes as biocatalyst providing driving force for MNMs.The fuels for enzymatic reactions are biofriendly as compared to traditional counterparts,which makes enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors(EMNMs)of great value in biomedical field for their nature of biocompatibility.Until now,EMNMs with various shapes can be propelled by catalase,urease and many others.Also,they can be endowed with multiple functionalities to accomplish on-demand tasks.Herein,combined with the development process of EMNMs,we are committed to present a comprehensive understanding of EMNMs,including their types,propelling principles,and potential applications.In this review,we will introduce single enzyme that can be used as motor,enzyme powered molecule motors and other micro/nano-architectures.The fundamental mechanism of energy conversion process of EMNMs and crucial factors that affect their movement behavior will be discussed.The current progress of proof-of-concept applications of EMNMs will also be elaborated in detail.At last,we will summarize and prospect the opportunities and challenges that EMNMs will face in their future development.展开更多
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(DP210100422 and FT220100479)National Breast Cancer Foundation,Australia(IIRS-22–104)Scientia Program at UNSW,Sydney。
文摘Micro-/nano-motors(MNMs)or swimmers are minuscule machines that can convert various forms of energy,such as chemical,electrical,or magnetic energy,into motion.These devices have attracted significant attention owing to their potential application in a wide range of fields such as drug delivery,sensing,and microfabrication.However,owing to their diverse shapes,sizes,and structural/chemical compositions,the development of MNMs faces several challenges,such as understanding their structure-function relationships,which is crucial for achieving precise control over their motion within complex environments.In recent years,machine learning techniques have shown promise in addressing these challenges and improving the performance of MNMs.Machine learning techniques can analyze large amounts of data,learn from patterns,and make predictions,thereby enabling MNMs to navigate complex environments,avoid obstacles,and perform tasks with higher efficiency and reliability.This review introduces the current state-of-the-art machine learning techniques in MNM research,with a particular focus on employing machine learning to understand and manipulate the navigation and locomotion of MNMs.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities in this field and suggest future research directions.
基金The authors thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802060)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20170809110344233)+1 种基金Shenzhen Bay Laboratory(SZBL2019062801005)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2019A1515010762).
文摘Micro/nanomotors(MNMs)are miniaturized machines that can convert many kinds of energy into mechanical motion.Over the past decades,a variety of driving mechanisms have been developed,which have greatly extended the application scenarios of MNMs.Enzymes exist in natural organisms which can convert chemical energy into mechanical force.It is an innovative attempt to utilize enzymes as biocatalyst providing driving force for MNMs.The fuels for enzymatic reactions are biofriendly as compared to traditional counterparts,which makes enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors(EMNMs)of great value in biomedical field for their nature of biocompatibility.Until now,EMNMs with various shapes can be propelled by catalase,urease and many others.Also,they can be endowed with multiple functionalities to accomplish on-demand tasks.Herein,combined with the development process of EMNMs,we are committed to present a comprehensive understanding of EMNMs,including their types,propelling principles,and potential applications.In this review,we will introduce single enzyme that can be used as motor,enzyme powered molecule motors and other micro/nano-architectures.The fundamental mechanism of energy conversion process of EMNMs and crucial factors that affect their movement behavior will be discussed.The current progress of proof-of-concept applications of EMNMs will also be elaborated in detail.At last,we will summarize and prospect the opportunities and challenges that EMNMs will face in their future development.
