目的制备黄芩苷(baicalin,BCN)聚乙二醇维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS)纳米胶束(BCN-TPGS-PMs)以改善其溶解性和体外抗肿瘤效果。方法采用薄膜水化法制备BCN-TPGS-PMs;透射电子显微镜观察纳米胶束形态;粒度测定仪考察其粒径和Zeta电位;超速离心...目的制备黄芩苷(baicalin,BCN)聚乙二醇维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS)纳米胶束(BCN-TPGS-PMs)以改善其溶解性和体外抗肿瘤效果。方法采用薄膜水化法制备BCN-TPGS-PMs;透射电子显微镜观察纳米胶束形态;粒度测定仪考察其粒径和Zeta电位;超速离心法考察制剂的包封率及载药量;动态膜透析法考察体外释药特性;四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法考察其对人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)的抑制作用。结果所制备的BCN-TPGS-PMs平均粒径为(11.91±0.14)nm;载药量和包封率分别为(5.42±0.04)%和(95.83±7.34)%;在体外p H 7.4、6.5的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中24 h内分别释放28.53%和35.06%;表明所制备胶束粒径较小且均一,体外释放具有一定缓释性。同时体外细胞毒性实验表明BCN-TPGS-PMs较BCN能够显著地抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖(P<0.05)。结论所制备的BCN-TPGS-PMs粒径小,载药量高,稳定性好,能显著提高BCN的体外抗肿瘤效果。展开更多
In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery system...In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells.This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells.It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action.Overall,this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems,which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.展开更多
Dbait is a small double-stranded DNA molecule that has been utilized as a radiosensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of glioma to radiotherapy(RT). However, there is no effective drug delivery system to effectively ov...Dbait is a small double-stranded DNA molecule that has been utilized as a radiosensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of glioma to radiotherapy(RT). However, there is no effective drug delivery system to effectively overcome the blood–brain barrier(BBB). The aim of this study was to develop a gene delivery system by using the BBB and glioma dual-targeting and microenvironment-responsive micelles(ch-Kn(s-s)R8-An) to deliver Dbait into glioma for RT. Angiopep-2 can target the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(LRP1) that is overexpressed on brain capillary endothelial cells(BCECs) and glioma cells. In particular, due to upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) in the tumor microenvironment, we utilized MMP-2-responsive peptides as the enzymatically degradable linkers to conjugate angiopep-2. The results showed that ch-Kn(s-s)R8-An micelles maintained a reasonable size(80–160 nm) with a moderate distribution and a decreased mean diameter from the cross-linking as well as exhibited low critical micelle concentration(CMC) with positive surface charge, ranging from 15 to40 mV. The ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/pEGFP showed high gene transfection efficiency in vitro, improved uptake in glioma cells and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the combination of ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait with RT significantly inhibited the growth of U251 cells in vitro. Thus, ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait may prove to be a promising gene delivery system to target glioma and enhance the efficacy of RT on U251 cells.展开更多
Most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents used for cancer chemotherapy suffer from multidrug resistance of tumor cells and poor antitumor efficacy.Based on physiological differences between the normal tissue an...Most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents used for cancer chemotherapy suffer from multidrug resistance of tumor cells and poor antitumor efficacy.Based on physiological differences between the normal tissue and the tumor tissue,one effective approach to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is to develop pH-sensitive polymeric micellar delivery systems.The copolymers with reversible protonationedeprotonation core units or acid-liable bonds between the therapeutic agents and the micelle-forming copolymers can be used to form pH-sensitive polymeric micelles for extracellular and intracellular drug smart release.These systems can be triggered to release drug in response to the slightly acidic extracellular fluids of tumor tissue after accumulation in tumor tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention effect,or they can be triggered to release drug in endosomes or lysosomes by pH-controlled micelle hydrolysis or dissociation after uptake by cells via the endocytic pathway.The pH-sensitive micelles have been proved the specific tumor cell targeting,enhanced cellular internalization,rapid drug release,and multidrug resistance reversal.The multifunctional polymeric micelles combining extracellular pH-sensitivity with receptor-mediated active targeting strategies are of great interest for enhanced tumor targeting.The micelles with receptor-mediated and intracellular pH targeting functions are internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by endosomal-pH triggered drug release inside the cells,which reverses multidrug resistance.The pH sensitivity strategy of the polymeric micelles facilitates the specific drug delivery with reduced systemic side effects and improved chemotherapeutical efficacy,and is a novel promising platform for tumor-targeting drug delivery.展开更多
Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates (including human bile) have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) beginning with dog, o...Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates (including human bile) have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) beginning with dog, ox and common carp biles approximately in the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE). Overall, different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver, biliary, skin (including burns), gynecological and heart diseases, as well as diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and throat. We present an informed opinion of the clinical efficacy of the medicinal uses of the different animal biles based on their presently known principal chemical components which are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and the membrane lipids such as unesterified cholesterol and mixed phosphatidylcholines and sometimes sphingomyelin, as well as containing lipopigments derived from heme principally bilirubin glucuronides. All of the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses of biles in TCM were collated from the rich collection of ancient Chinese books on materia medica held in libraries in China and United States and the composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced chemical identification techniques published since the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century collected via library (Harvard’s Countway Library) and electronic searches (PubMed and Google Scholar). Our analysis of ethnomedical data and information on biliary chemistry shows that specific bile salts, as well as the common bile pigment bilirubin and its glucuronides plus the minor components of bile such as vitamins A, D, E, K, as well as melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) are salutary in improving liver function, dissolving gallstones, inhibiting bacterial and viral multiplication, promoting cardiac chronotropsim, as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, sedative, anti-convulsive, anti-allergic, anti-congestive, anti-diabetic and anti-spasmodic effects. Pig, wild boar a展开更多
文摘目的制备黄芩苷(baicalin,BCN)聚乙二醇维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS)纳米胶束(BCN-TPGS-PMs)以改善其溶解性和体外抗肿瘤效果。方法采用薄膜水化法制备BCN-TPGS-PMs;透射电子显微镜观察纳米胶束形态;粒度测定仪考察其粒径和Zeta电位;超速离心法考察制剂的包封率及载药量;动态膜透析法考察体外释药特性;四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法考察其对人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)的抑制作用。结果所制备的BCN-TPGS-PMs平均粒径为(11.91±0.14)nm;载药量和包封率分别为(5.42±0.04)%和(95.83±7.34)%;在体外p H 7.4、6.5的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中24 h内分别释放28.53%和35.06%;表明所制备胶束粒径较小且均一,体外释放具有一定缓释性。同时体外细胞毒性实验表明BCN-TPGS-PMs较BCN能够显著地抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖(P<0.05)。结论所制备的BCN-TPGS-PMs粒径小,载药量高,稳定性好,能显著提高BCN的体外抗肿瘤效果。
文摘In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells.This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells.It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action.Overall,this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems,which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.
基金the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81472349,81302714and 81201809,China)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.14ZR1433300,China)+3 种基金the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.0507N17014,China)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.15ZZ041,China)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ12H30005,China)the Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(No.LGF18H160034,China)
文摘Dbait is a small double-stranded DNA molecule that has been utilized as a radiosensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of glioma to radiotherapy(RT). However, there is no effective drug delivery system to effectively overcome the blood–brain barrier(BBB). The aim of this study was to develop a gene delivery system by using the BBB and glioma dual-targeting and microenvironment-responsive micelles(ch-Kn(s-s)R8-An) to deliver Dbait into glioma for RT. Angiopep-2 can target the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(LRP1) that is overexpressed on brain capillary endothelial cells(BCECs) and glioma cells. In particular, due to upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) in the tumor microenvironment, we utilized MMP-2-responsive peptides as the enzymatically degradable linkers to conjugate angiopep-2. The results showed that ch-Kn(s-s)R8-An micelles maintained a reasonable size(80–160 nm) with a moderate distribution and a decreased mean diameter from the cross-linking as well as exhibited low critical micelle concentration(CMC) with positive surface charge, ranging from 15 to40 mV. The ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/pEGFP showed high gene transfection efficiency in vitro, improved uptake in glioma cells and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the combination of ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait with RT significantly inhibited the growth of U251 cells in vitro. Thus, ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait may prove to be a promising gene delivery system to target glioma and enhance the efficacy of RT on U251 cells.
基金This work was financially supported from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NO.81360483)from the Nature Science Foundation of Ningxia(No.NZ12193).
文摘Most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents used for cancer chemotherapy suffer from multidrug resistance of tumor cells and poor antitumor efficacy.Based on physiological differences between the normal tissue and the tumor tissue,one effective approach to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is to develop pH-sensitive polymeric micellar delivery systems.The copolymers with reversible protonationedeprotonation core units or acid-liable bonds between the therapeutic agents and the micelle-forming copolymers can be used to form pH-sensitive polymeric micelles for extracellular and intracellular drug smart release.These systems can be triggered to release drug in response to the slightly acidic extracellular fluids of tumor tissue after accumulation in tumor tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention effect,or they can be triggered to release drug in endosomes or lysosomes by pH-controlled micelle hydrolysis or dissociation after uptake by cells via the endocytic pathway.The pH-sensitive micelles have been proved the specific tumor cell targeting,enhanced cellular internalization,rapid drug release,and multidrug resistance reversal.The multifunctional polymeric micelles combining extracellular pH-sensitivity with receptor-mediated active targeting strategies are of great interest for enhanced tumor targeting.The micelles with receptor-mediated and intracellular pH targeting functions are internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by endosomal-pH triggered drug release inside the cells,which reverses multidrug resistance.The pH sensitivity strategy of the polymeric micelles facilitates the specific drug delivery with reduced systemic side effects and improved chemotherapeutical efficacy,and is a novel promising platform for tumor-targeting drug delivery.
基金Supported by Grants DK54012,DK73917,to Wang DQ-HDK36588,DK34854,and DK73687,to Carey MCall from the National Institutes of Health(US Public Health Service)
文摘Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates (including human bile) have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) beginning with dog, ox and common carp biles approximately in the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE). Overall, different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver, biliary, skin (including burns), gynecological and heart diseases, as well as diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and throat. We present an informed opinion of the clinical efficacy of the medicinal uses of the different animal biles based on their presently known principal chemical components which are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and the membrane lipids such as unesterified cholesterol and mixed phosphatidylcholines and sometimes sphingomyelin, as well as containing lipopigments derived from heme principally bilirubin glucuronides. All of the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses of biles in TCM were collated from the rich collection of ancient Chinese books on materia medica held in libraries in China and United States and the composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced chemical identification techniques published since the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century collected via library (Harvard’s Countway Library) and electronic searches (PubMed and Google Scholar). Our analysis of ethnomedical data and information on biliary chemistry shows that specific bile salts, as well as the common bile pigment bilirubin and its glucuronides plus the minor components of bile such as vitamins A, D, E, K, as well as melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) are salutary in improving liver function, dissolving gallstones, inhibiting bacterial and viral multiplication, promoting cardiac chronotropsim, as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, sedative, anti-convulsive, anti-allergic, anti-congestive, anti-diabetic and anti-spasmodic effects. Pig, wild boar a
