Introducing heterogeneities into the structure is an effective way to enhance the plasticity in metallic glasses (MGs). As natural heterogeneity, the original randomly distributed free volume in MGs has been found to ...Introducing heterogeneities into the structure is an effective way to enhance the plasticity in metallic glasses (MGs). As natural heterogeneity, the original randomly distributed free volume in MGs has been found to be in favor of plasticity. However, the exact correlation between the free volume distribution and mechanical response is still unclear. In this paper, we investigate the shear banding in MGs with different structural disorders, characterized by both the free volume concentration (FVC) and the free volume dispersion (FVD). It is found that, either high FVC or wide FVD leads to low activation stress of shear band; wide FVD promotes the multiplication of shear bands but high FVC restricts it. It reveals that the yield strength in MGs is dependent on the amount of free volume while the plasticity mainly relies on the distribution. An optimum combination of the two aspects probably helps to design a MG of both good plasticity and high strength.展开更多
首次将MSG-2(Meteosat Second Generation-2)卫星上的旋转增强可见光及红外成像仪(Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager,SEVIRI)的观测资料同化到美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP...首次将MSG-2(Meteosat Second Generation-2)卫星上的旋转增强可见光及红外成像仪(Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager,SEVIRI)的观测资料同化到美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)全球资料同化系统(global data assimilation system,GDAS)中。对当前的地球静止业务环境卫星(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite,GOES)成像仪资料的同化问题也进行了进一步探讨。利用CRTM(The Community Radiative Transfer Model)模式,对SEVIRI辐射率观测资料进行了模拟。为了对红外辐射率资料进行模拟,CRTM模式中的几个关键部分得到改进,例如:动态更新地面发射率资料以及采用了快速精确的气体吸收模块。为了改进对SEVIRI和GOES成像仪辐射率资料的模拟效果,采用了GSICS(The Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System)标定订正。初步研究结果表明,包含对SEVIRI辐射率资料的水汽通道(6.25和7.35μm)和二氧化碳通道(13.40μm)的同化对GFS(Global Forecast System)6d预报具有显著的正影响;而对其他5个SEVIRI红外窗口通道资料的同化则减小了这种正影响。通过应用GSICS标定算法,订正了SEVIRI和GOES-12成像仪观测资料的偏差,提高了对GFS预报的影响。此外,还需作进一步研究来提高对SEVIRI红外窗口通道辐射率资料同化的有效性。展开更多
火星电离层早期的观测数据非常少,除了Viking登陆器对火星电离层的在位测量外,火星电离层的主要物理信息是通过掩星观测方法得到的.近年来,Mars Global Surveyor和Mars Express轨道器通过掩星观测的方法对火星的上层大气和电离层进行了...火星电离层早期的观测数据非常少,除了Viking登陆器对火星电离层的在位测量外,火星电离层的主要物理信息是通过掩星观测方法得到的.近年来,Mars Global Surveyor和Mars Express轨道器通过掩星观测的方法对火星的上层大气和电离层进行了长期的观测,得到了大量的火星电离层电子密度廓线资料.火星电离层受到来自太阳EUV和X射线辐射、太阳风、太阳耀斑、中性大气、表面壳磁场、宇宙射线、流星等多种因素的影响,使其结构发生瞬态或季节性的变化.本文介绍了行星无线电掩星探测的基本原理和技术特点,回顾了国内外科学家们基于已有的火星掩星观测数据(主要是Mars GlobalSurveyor和Mars Express)在火星电离层研究中的一些最新科学成果,并详细介绍了火星电离层的结构和火星夜间电离层的主要特征.展开更多
借助SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件,对不同热装温度下无取向硅钢铸坯中夹杂物的析出行为进行研究。结果表明,铸坯中MgS、AlN容易以硅酸铝、硅酸镁、硅酸铝镁氧化物为核心析出,且复合夹杂物的形状与其中MgS和AlN的含量有关,...借助SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件,对不同热装温度下无取向硅钢铸坯中夹杂物的析出行为进行研究。结果表明,铸坯中MgS、AlN容易以硅酸铝、硅酸镁、硅酸铝镁氧化物为核心析出,且复合夹杂物的形状与其中MgS和AlN的含量有关,当AlN含量较高时,复合夹杂呈六棱柱状,当MgS含量较高时,复合夹杂一般呈球形。铸坯中硫化物主要以MgS的形式存在,少量以CaS形式存在,但试验钢中未检测到MnS。随着铸坯热装温度的降低,复合夹杂中MgS组分的含量增加,夹杂物平均尺寸也会随之增加,但CaS析出会对MgS的析出起抑制作用,热装温度可通过影响复合夹杂中AlN、MgS的析出来调控夹杂物尺寸。本试验条件下,最合适的铸坯热装温度为700℃,此时钢中尺寸小于0.5μm的微细夹杂物的数量最少。展开更多
Recently, Wei in proved that perturbed stiff weighted pseudoinverses and stiff weighted least squares problems are stable, if and only if the original and perturbed coefficient matrices A and A^- satisfy several row r...Recently, Wei in proved that perturbed stiff weighted pseudoinverses and stiff weighted least squares problems are stable, if and only if the original and perturbed coefficient matrices A and A^- satisfy several row rank preservation conditions. According to these conditions, in this paper we show that in general, ordinary modified Gram-Schmidt with column pivoting is not numerically stable for solving the stiff weighted least squares problem. We then propose a row block modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm with column pivoting, and show that with appropriately chosen tolerance, this algorithm can correctly determine the numerical ranks of these row partitioned sub-matrices, and the computed QR factor R^- contains small roundoff error which is row stable. Several numerical experiments are also provided to compare the results of the ordinary Modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm with column pivoting and the row block Modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm with column pivoting.展开更多
Computerized power management system with fast and optimal communication network overcomes all major dicrepencies of undue or inadequate load relief that were present in old conventional systems. This paper presents t...Computerized power management system with fast and optimal communication network overcomes all major dicrepencies of undue or inadequate load relief that were present in old conventional systems. This paper presents the basic perception and methodology of modern and true intelligent load management scheme in micro grids topology by employing TCP/IP protocol for fast and intelligent switching. The network understudy performs load management and power distribution intelligently in a unified network. Generated power is efficiently distributed among local loads through fast communication system of server in the form of source and clients in the form of loads through TCP/IP. The efficient use of information between server and clients enables to astutely control the load management in a power system of micro grids system. The processing time of above stated system comes out to be 10ms faster than others which ensure very less delay as compared to conventional methods. The Micro Grids system operating through TCP/IP control has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and results have been verified.展开更多
This paper proves that the weighting method via modified Gram-Schmidt（MGS） for solving the equality constrained least squares problem in the limit is equivalent to the direct elimination method via MGS（MGS-eliminat...This paper proves that the weighting method via modified Gram-Schmidt（MGS） for solving the equality constrained least squares problem in the limit is equivalent to the direct elimination method via MGS（MGS-elimination method）. By virtue of this equivalence, the backward and forward roundoff error analysis of the MGS-elimination method is proved. Numerical experiments are provided to verify the results.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 10725211, 11002144, 11021262)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-NSAF (Grant No. 10976100)+1 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB724401)the Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX2-YW-M04)
文摘Introducing heterogeneities into the structure is an effective way to enhance the plasticity in metallic glasses (MGs). As natural heterogeneity, the original randomly distributed free volume in MGs has been found to be in favor of plasticity. However, the exact correlation between the free volume distribution and mechanical response is still unclear. In this paper, we investigate the shear banding in MGs with different structural disorders, characterized by both the free volume concentration (FVC) and the free volume dispersion (FVD). It is found that, either high FVC or wide FVD leads to low activation stress of shear band; wide FVD promotes the multiplication of shear bands but high FVC restricts it. It reveals that the yield strength in MGs is dependent on the amount of free volume while the plasticity mainly relies on the distribution. An optimum combination of the two aspects probably helps to design a MG of both good plasticity and high strength.
基金美国NOAA和NASA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group和GOES-R Risk Reduction关于地球静止卫星资料模拟和同化项目
文摘首次将MSG-2(Meteosat Second Generation-2)卫星上的旋转增强可见光及红外成像仪(Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager,SEVIRI)的观测资料同化到美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)全球资料同化系统(global data assimilation system,GDAS)中。对当前的地球静止业务环境卫星(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite,GOES)成像仪资料的同化问题也进行了进一步探讨。利用CRTM(The Community Radiative Transfer Model)模式,对SEVIRI辐射率观测资料进行了模拟。为了对红外辐射率资料进行模拟,CRTM模式中的几个关键部分得到改进,例如:动态更新地面发射率资料以及采用了快速精确的气体吸收模块。为了改进对SEVIRI和GOES成像仪辐射率资料的模拟效果,采用了GSICS(The Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System)标定订正。初步研究结果表明,包含对SEVIRI辐射率资料的水汽通道(6.25和7.35μm)和二氧化碳通道(13.40μm)的同化对GFS(Global Forecast System)6d预报具有显著的正影响;而对其他5个SEVIRI红外窗口通道资料的同化则减小了这种正影响。通过应用GSICS标定算法,订正了SEVIRI和GOES-12成像仪观测资料的偏差,提高了对GFS预报的影响。此外,还需作进一步研究来提高对SEVIRI红外窗口通道辐射率资料同化的有效性。
文摘借助SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件,对不同热装温度下无取向硅钢铸坯中夹杂物的析出行为进行研究。结果表明,铸坯中MgS、AlN容易以硅酸铝、硅酸镁、硅酸铝镁氧化物为核心析出,且复合夹杂物的形状与其中MgS和AlN的含量有关,当AlN含量较高时,复合夹杂呈六棱柱状,当MgS含量较高时,复合夹杂一般呈球形。铸坯中硫化物主要以MgS的形式存在,少量以CaS形式存在,但试验钢中未检测到MnS。随着铸坯热装温度的降低,复合夹杂中MgS组分的含量增加,夹杂物平均尺寸也会随之增加,但CaS析出会对MgS的析出起抑制作用,热装温度可通过影响复合夹杂中AlN、MgS的析出来调控夹杂物尺寸。本试验条件下,最合适的铸坯热装温度为700℃,此时钢中尺寸小于0.5μm的微细夹杂物的数量最少。
文摘Recently, Wei in proved that perturbed stiff weighted pseudoinverses and stiff weighted least squares problems are stable, if and only if the original and perturbed coefficient matrices A and A^- satisfy several row rank preservation conditions. According to these conditions, in this paper we show that in general, ordinary modified Gram-Schmidt with column pivoting is not numerically stable for solving the stiff weighted least squares problem. We then propose a row block modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm with column pivoting, and show that with appropriately chosen tolerance, this algorithm can correctly determine the numerical ranks of these row partitioned sub-matrices, and the computed QR factor R^- contains small roundoff error which is row stable. Several numerical experiments are also provided to compare the results of the ordinary Modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm with column pivoting and the row block Modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm with column pivoting.
文摘Computerized power management system with fast and optimal communication network overcomes all major dicrepencies of undue or inadequate load relief that were present in old conventional systems. This paper presents the basic perception and methodology of modern and true intelligent load management scheme in micro grids topology by employing TCP/IP protocol for fast and intelligent switching. The network understudy performs load management and power distribution intelligently in a unified network. Generated power is efficiently distributed among local loads through fast communication system of server in the form of source and clients in the form of loads through TCP/IP. The efficient use of information between server and clients enables to astutely control the load management in a power system of micro grids system. The processing time of above stated system comes out to be 10ms faster than others which ensure very less delay as compared to conventional methods. The Micro Grids system operating through TCP/IP control has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and results have been verified.
基金supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.J50101)
文摘This paper proves that the weighting method via modified Gram-Schmidt（MGS） for solving the equality constrained least squares problem in the limit is equivalent to the direct elimination method via MGS（MGS-elimination method）. By virtue of this equivalence, the backward and forward roundoff error analysis of the MGS-elimination method is proved. Numerical experiments are provided to verify the results.
