During the storage and transportation of the mango fruit, the major source of disease is anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The objective of this study is to find an appropriate method t...During the storage and transportation of the mango fruit, the major source of disease is anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The objective of this study is to find an appropriate method that not only reduces mango decay but also maintains its postharvest quality. The effects of chemicals, the use of the yeast species Metschnikowia pulcherrima and their combination on storage quality, focusing on the enzyme activity related to disease of Tainong mangos was studied. By immersing the mangoes in M. pulcherrima suspension(1.0×10~8 cfu mL^(–1)), salicylic acid(SA) solution(50 mg L^(–1)) or calcium chloride(CaCl_2) solution(1.0 g L^(–1)), the lesion expansion and decay of the mango fruit caused by C. gloeosporioides could be significantly delayed. These treatments also delayed the changes in quality traits(a~* value, firmness, contents of total soluble solids(TSS) and vitamin C(Vc), while the activities of anti-disease enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase(PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL), chitinase(CHT) and β-1,3-glucanase(GUN) were enhanced as compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the combination of SA solution, CaCl_2 solution and M. pulcherrima suspension presented an additive effect, increasing the efficacy in controlling the disease and maintaining the storage quality of mango fruits. Taken together, our data suggest that the integration of chemical treatments combined with M. pulcherrima could be an alternative to the use of fungicides in postharvest treatment of the mango fruit, specifically for improving storage quality as well as the control of the anthracnose.展开更多
Viable cell count was used to determine whether Metschnikowia sp.C14 can colonize the intestine of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Sea cucumber individuals were divided into two groups,which were fed the ...Viable cell count was used to determine whether Metschnikowia sp.C14 can colonize the intestine of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Sea cucumber individuals were divided into two groups,which were fed the control diet for 38 days or the C14-supplemented diet at 105 cells g−1 diet for 28 days,then the control diet from day 29 to day 38.The number of C14 cells in the intestine of sea cucumber fed the C14-supplemented diet significantly increased from day 7 to day 28,and decreased from day 29 to day 38.Sea cucumber fed with the diet containing C14 showed a significant increase in trypsin activity and lipase activity from day 21 to day 33 compared with the control.Feeding C14 significantly improved the phagocytic activity and respiratory burst in coelomocytes from day 21 to day 35 and from day 14 to day 38,respectively.In addition,there was an obvious enhancement in lysozyme activity(from day 21 to day 38 or day 33),phenoloxidase activity(from day 21 to day 28)and total nitric oxide synthase activity(from day 14 to day 38)in coelomic fluid supernatant and/or coelomocyte cell lysate supernatant compared with the control.There were significant positive correlations between the number of C14 cells colonizing the intestine and trypsin activity of the intestine,lysozyme activity of the coelomic fluid supernatant and coelomocyte lysate supernatant from sea cucumber.These data suggested that the number of C14 cells should be maintained at 105 cfu(colony-forming units)g−1 intestine material for the maximum benefit.展开更多
The marine yeast strain W6b isolated from sediment of the South China Sea was found to produce a cell-bound acid protease.The crude acid protease produced by this marine yeast showed the highest activity at pH 3.5 and...The marine yeast strain W6b isolated from sediment of the South China Sea was found to produce a cell-bound acid protease.The crude acid protease produced by this marine yeast showed the highest activity at pH 3.5 and 40 ℃.The optimal pH and temperature for the crude acid protease were in agreement with those for acid protease produced by the terrestrial yeasts.The optimal medium of the acid protease production was seawater containing 1.0% glucose, 1.5% casein, and 0.5% yeast extract, and the optimal cultivation conditions of the acid protease production were pH 4.0, a temperature of 25 ℃ and a shaking speed of 140 rmin-1.Under the optimal conditions, 72.5 UmL-1 of acid protease activity could be obtained in cell suspension within 48 h of fermentation at shake flask level.The acid protease production was induced by high-molecular-weight nitrogen sources and repressed by low-molecu-lar-weight nitrogen sources.Skimmed-milk-clotting test showed that the crude acid protease from the cell suspension of the yeast W6b had high skimmed milk coagulability.The acid protease produced by M.reukaufii W6b may have highly potential applications in cheese, food and fermentation industries.展开更多
为确定2018年冬季以来江苏省沿海地区养殖脊尾白虾患“僵尸病”的病原及流行病学特点,实验采用LB培养基和PDA培养基从病虾血淋巴中分离得到直径为1~3 mm、边缘整齐、米黄色隆起菌落;人工回感实验结果显示,回感后的脊尾白虾表现出与自然...为确定2018年冬季以来江苏省沿海地区养殖脊尾白虾患“僵尸病”的病原及流行病学特点,实验采用LB培养基和PDA培养基从病虾血淋巴中分离得到直径为1~3 mm、边缘整齐、米黄色隆起菌落;人工回感实验结果显示,回感后的脊尾白虾表现出与自然患病脊尾白虾相同的症状,并在回感脊尾白虾体内也分离出了相同的菌株,符合科赫氏法则。对该菌株进行形态观察结合18S r RNA序列对比及系统发育分析,发现分离菌株MQ2101具有酵母的典型形态,且与二尖梅奇酵母相似度达99.82%,结果表明菌株MQ2101为二尖梅奇酵母。致病性结果初步分析显示,MQ2101对脊尾白虾的半致死浓度(LD_(50))为1.39×10^(7)CFU/尾。病理学观察发现,患病脊尾白虾鳃、肌肉和肝胰腺均发生不同程度的病变,其中肝胰腺病变最为严重,肝小管呈现空泡化,管腔体积变大;在鳃和肝胰腺组织中均存在大量定殖的菌体。流行病学调查结果显示,每年2—5月发病迅速,发病率为5%~30%,死亡率为3%~10%。本研究确定了二尖梅奇酵母为江苏沿海地区脊尾白虾“僵尸病”的病原,其对脊尾白虾具有较强致病性,主要侵染组织为肝胰腺和鳃。以上研究结果为脊尾白虾“僵尸病”的防控提供了相关科学依据。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660587 and 31660586)
文摘During the storage and transportation of the mango fruit, the major source of disease is anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The objective of this study is to find an appropriate method that not only reduces mango decay but also maintains its postharvest quality. The effects of chemicals, the use of the yeast species Metschnikowia pulcherrima and their combination on storage quality, focusing on the enzyme activity related to disease of Tainong mangos was studied. By immersing the mangoes in M. pulcherrima suspension(1.0×10~8 cfu mL^(–1)), salicylic acid(SA) solution(50 mg L^(–1)) or calcium chloride(CaCl_2) solution(1.0 g L^(–1)), the lesion expansion and decay of the mango fruit caused by C. gloeosporioides could be significantly delayed. These treatments also delayed the changes in quality traits(a~* value, firmness, contents of total soluble solids(TSS) and vitamin C(Vc), while the activities of anti-disease enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase(PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL), chitinase(CHT) and β-1,3-glucanase(GUN) were enhanced as compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the combination of SA solution, CaCl_2 solution and M. pulcherrima suspension presented an additive effect, increasing the efficacy in controlling the disease and maintaining the storage quality of mango fruits. Taken together, our data suggest that the integration of chemical treatments combined with M. pulcherrima could be an alternative to the use of fungicides in postharvest treatment of the mango fruit, specifically for improving storage quality as well as the control of the anthracnose.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project from the Department of Education of Liaoning Province (No. JL201903)
文摘Viable cell count was used to determine whether Metschnikowia sp.C14 can colonize the intestine of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Sea cucumber individuals were divided into two groups,which were fed the control diet for 38 days or the C14-supplemented diet at 105 cells g−1 diet for 28 days,then the control diet from day 29 to day 38.The number of C14 cells in the intestine of sea cucumber fed the C14-supplemented diet significantly increased from day 7 to day 28,and decreased from day 29 to day 38.Sea cucumber fed with the diet containing C14 showed a significant increase in trypsin activity and lipase activity from day 21 to day 33 compared with the control.Feeding C14 significantly improved the phagocytic activity and respiratory burst in coelomocytes from day 21 to day 35 and from day 14 to day 38,respectively.In addition,there was an obvious enhancement in lysozyme activity(from day 21 to day 38 or day 33),phenoloxidase activity(from day 21 to day 28)and total nitric oxide synthase activity(from day 14 to day 38)in coelomic fluid supernatant and/or coelomocyte cell lysate supernatant compared with the control.There were significant positive correlations between the number of C14 cells colonizing the intestine and trypsin activity of the intestine,lysozyme activity of the coelomic fluid supernatant and coelomocyte lysate supernatant from sea cucumber.These data suggested that the number of C14 cells should be maintained at 105 cfu(colony-forming units)g−1 intestine material for the maximum benefit.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA09Z403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771645)
文摘The marine yeast strain W6b isolated from sediment of the South China Sea was found to produce a cell-bound acid protease.The crude acid protease produced by this marine yeast showed the highest activity at pH 3.5 and 40 ℃.The optimal pH and temperature for the crude acid protease were in agreement with those for acid protease produced by the terrestrial yeasts.The optimal medium of the acid protease production was seawater containing 1.0% glucose, 1.5% casein, and 0.5% yeast extract, and the optimal cultivation conditions of the acid protease production were pH 4.0, a temperature of 25 ℃ and a shaking speed of 140 rmin-1.Under the optimal conditions, 72.5 UmL-1 of acid protease activity could be obtained in cell suspension within 48 h of fermentation at shake flask level.The acid protease production was induced by high-molecular-weight nitrogen sources and repressed by low-molecu-lar-weight nitrogen sources.Skimmed-milk-clotting test showed that the crude acid protease from the cell suspension of the yeast W6b had high skimmed milk coagulability.The acid protease produced by M.reukaufii W6b may have highly potential applications in cheese, food and fermentation industries.
文摘为确定2018年冬季以来江苏省沿海地区养殖脊尾白虾患“僵尸病”的病原及流行病学特点,实验采用LB培养基和PDA培养基从病虾血淋巴中分离得到直径为1~3 mm、边缘整齐、米黄色隆起菌落;人工回感实验结果显示,回感后的脊尾白虾表现出与自然患病脊尾白虾相同的症状,并在回感脊尾白虾体内也分离出了相同的菌株,符合科赫氏法则。对该菌株进行形态观察结合18S r RNA序列对比及系统发育分析,发现分离菌株MQ2101具有酵母的典型形态,且与二尖梅奇酵母相似度达99.82%,结果表明菌株MQ2101为二尖梅奇酵母。致病性结果初步分析显示,MQ2101对脊尾白虾的半致死浓度(LD_(50))为1.39×10^(7)CFU/尾。病理学观察发现,患病脊尾白虾鳃、肌肉和肝胰腺均发生不同程度的病变,其中肝胰腺病变最为严重,肝小管呈现空泡化,管腔体积变大;在鳃和肝胰腺组织中均存在大量定殖的菌体。流行病学调查结果显示,每年2—5月发病迅速,发病率为5%~30%,死亡率为3%~10%。本研究确定了二尖梅奇酵母为江苏沿海地区脊尾白虾“僵尸病”的病原,其对脊尾白虾具有较强致病性,主要侵染组织为肝胰腺和鳃。以上研究结果为脊尾白虾“僵尸病”的防控提供了相关科学依据。
