Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly este...Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.展开更多
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a critical role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications. The fast growing characteristics of LAB and their metabolic activity have been the key in most applications including f...Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a critical role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications. The fast growing characteristics of LAB and their metabolic activity have been the key in most applications including food production, agricultural industry, and probiotics. However, the biochemical and biophysical environments have significant effect on the growth and metabolic activity of LAB. While the biochemical conditions are most likely established, controlling and optimizing of biochemical conditions have many limitations and challenges. In addition to selecting the right strain, desirable metabolic processes required optimizing and controlling the available nutrients including sugars, peptides, free amino acids, minerals, and vitamins in addition to buffering agents. Thus, much of research was conducted to understand the impact of available nutrients on the growth and metabolic activities of LAB. However, only a few nutritional parameters could be controlled at a time while holding other parameters constant. The nutritional parameters may also interact with each other resulting in faulty results. Characteristics of LAB such as fastidiousness in their nutritional requirements, ability to produce acid and antimicrobial compounds, and variations in the nutritional requirements among strains have added additional limitations and challenges in this regard. Thus, chemically defined media (CDM) were suggested to deal with different limitations and challenges. However, due to differences in growth conditions, results obtained in CDM may face some obstacles when it comes to industrial applications. Thus, this paper aimed to review the recent data in regard to the role of the nutritional requirements of LAB in optimizing and controlling metabolic activities and to discuss the associated limitations and challenges.展开更多
目的:评价并总结代谢综合征患者饮食和运动管理的相关证据,为临床开展代谢综合征患者的饮食和运动管理提供循证依据。方法:系统检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心数据库、美国医疗...目的:评价并总结代谢综合征患者饮食和运动管理的相关证据,为临床开展代谢综合征患者的饮食和运动管理提供循证依据。方法:系统检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心数据库、美国医疗保健研究与质量局(AHRQ)网站、英国国家医疗保健优化研究所(NICE)网站、苏格兰学院指南网(SIGN)、国际指南协作网(GIN)、中国医脉通指南网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会(RNAO)网站、美国糖尿病协会(ADA)网站、新西兰指南协作组(NZGG)网站、加拿大医学会临床实践指南网站、PubMed、EmBase、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据知识服务平台和中国生物医学文献数据库以获取与代谢综合征患者饮食和运动相关的证据,包括指南、证据总结、专家共识、最佳实践信息册、临床决策、推荐实践、系统评价等。检索时限为建库至2021年11月。由2名具有循证医学背景的研究人员对所纳入的文献进行质量评价及证据级别评定。结果:共纳入36篇文献,包括3篇指南、5篇专家共识、1篇临床决策和27篇系统评价。总结了49条与代谢综合征患者饮食和运动相关的证据,包括饮食目标、饮食模式、饮食时间、碳水化合物摄入、脂肪摄入、纤维摄入、盐摄入、果蔬和谷物摄入、咖啡摄入、饮食效果、运动原则、运动强度/形式/时间、运动效果、代谢综合征合并心血管疾病患者的运动处方、饮食和运动联合效果等15个方面。结论:饮食和运动管理方案可以有效改善代谢综合征患者的健康结局,医护人员应结合临床情境、患者偏好有针对性地选择并采用最佳证据。展开更多
基金financially supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi
文摘Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.
文摘Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a critical role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications. The fast growing characteristics of LAB and their metabolic activity have been the key in most applications including food production, agricultural industry, and probiotics. However, the biochemical and biophysical environments have significant effect on the growth and metabolic activity of LAB. While the biochemical conditions are most likely established, controlling and optimizing of biochemical conditions have many limitations and challenges. In addition to selecting the right strain, desirable metabolic processes required optimizing and controlling the available nutrients including sugars, peptides, free amino acids, minerals, and vitamins in addition to buffering agents. Thus, much of research was conducted to understand the impact of available nutrients on the growth and metabolic activities of LAB. However, only a few nutritional parameters could be controlled at a time while holding other parameters constant. The nutritional parameters may also interact with each other resulting in faulty results. Characteristics of LAB such as fastidiousness in their nutritional requirements, ability to produce acid and antimicrobial compounds, and variations in the nutritional requirements among strains have added additional limitations and challenges in this regard. Thus, chemically defined media (CDM) were suggested to deal with different limitations and challenges. However, due to differences in growth conditions, results obtained in CDM may face some obstacles when it comes to industrial applications. Thus, this paper aimed to review the recent data in regard to the role of the nutritional requirements of LAB in optimizing and controlling metabolic activities and to discuss the associated limitations and challenges.
文摘目的:评价并总结代谢综合征患者饮食和运动管理的相关证据,为临床开展代谢综合征患者的饮食和运动管理提供循证依据。方法:系统检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心数据库、美国医疗保健研究与质量局(AHRQ)网站、英国国家医疗保健优化研究所(NICE)网站、苏格兰学院指南网(SIGN)、国际指南协作网(GIN)、中国医脉通指南网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会(RNAO)网站、美国糖尿病协会(ADA)网站、新西兰指南协作组(NZGG)网站、加拿大医学会临床实践指南网站、PubMed、EmBase、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据知识服务平台和中国生物医学文献数据库以获取与代谢综合征患者饮食和运动相关的证据,包括指南、证据总结、专家共识、最佳实践信息册、临床决策、推荐实践、系统评价等。检索时限为建库至2021年11月。由2名具有循证医学背景的研究人员对所纳入的文献进行质量评价及证据级别评定。结果:共纳入36篇文献,包括3篇指南、5篇专家共识、1篇临床决策和27篇系统评价。总结了49条与代谢综合征患者饮食和运动相关的证据,包括饮食目标、饮食模式、饮食时间、碳水化合物摄入、脂肪摄入、纤维摄入、盐摄入、果蔬和谷物摄入、咖啡摄入、饮食效果、运动原则、运动强度/形式/时间、运动效果、代谢综合征合并心血管疾病患者的运动处方、饮食和运动联合效果等15个方面。结论:饮食和运动管理方案可以有效改善代谢综合征患者的健康结局,医护人员应结合临床情境、患者偏好有针对性地选择并采用最佳证据。
