A dragonfly wing consists of membranes and both longitudinal and cross veins.We observed the microstructure cross-section at several locations in the dragonfly wing using environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESE...A dragonfly wing consists of membranes and both longitudinal and cross veins.We observed the microstructure cross-section at several locations in the dragonfly wing using environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM).The organic nature of the junction between the vein and the membrane was clearly identifiable.The membrane was divided into two layers,the upper epidermis and the lower epidermis.These layers extend around the sandwich structure vein,and combine with the adjacent membrane at a symmetrical location along the vein.Thus,we defined this as an organic junction between the vein and the membranes. The organic junction is able to form a tight corrugation angle,which dramatically increases both the warping rigidity and the strength of the wing,but not the torsional rigidity.The torsional deformation is primarily controlled by the microstructure of the longitudinal veins,and is based on the relative rotation angle between the epidermal layer and the inner layer of the vein that forms the zigzag section.展开更多
A thick SOI LIGBT structure with a combination of uniform and variation in lateral doping profiles （UVLD） on partial membrane （UVLD PM LIGBT） is proposed. The silicon substrate under the drift region is selectivel...A thick SOI LIGBT structure with a combination of uniform and variation in lateral doping profiles （UVLD） on partial membrane （UVLD PM LIGBT） is proposed. The silicon substrate under the drift region is selectively etched to remove the charge beneath the buried oxide so that the potential lines can release below the membrane, resulting in an enhanced breakdown voltage. Moreover, the thick SOI LIGBT with the advantage of a large current flowing and a thermal diffusing area achieves a strong current carrying capability and a low junction temperature. The current carrying capability （VAnode = 6 V, VGate = 15 V） increases by 16% and the maximal junction temperature （1 mW/μm） decreases by 30 K in comparison with that of a conventional thin SO1 structure.展开更多
Congenital cataract is a crystallin severe blinding disease and genetic factors in disease development are important. Crystallin growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete ...Congenital cataract is a crystallin severe blinding disease and genetic factors in disease development are important. Crystallin growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Congenital cataract-related genes, included crystallin protein gene (CRYAA, CRYAB, CRYBA1/A3, CRYBA4, CRYBB1, CRYBB2, CRYBB3, CRYGC, CRYGD, CRYGS), gap junction channel protein gene (GJA1, GJA3, GJA8), membrane protein gene (GJA3, GJA8, MIP, LIM2), cytoskeletal protein gene (BF-SP2), transcription factor genes (HSF4, MAF, PITX3, PAX6), ferritin light chain gene (FTL), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and so on. Currently, there are about 39 genetic loci isolated to which primary cataracts have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. We summarized the recent advances on epidemiology and genetic locations of congenital cataract in this review.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10772091, 11072124)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB936803, 2010CB631006)
文摘A dragonfly wing consists of membranes and both longitudinal and cross veins.We observed the microstructure cross-section at several locations in the dragonfly wing using environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM).The organic nature of the junction between the vein and the membrane was clearly identifiable.The membrane was divided into two layers,the upper epidermis and the lower epidermis.These layers extend around the sandwich structure vein,and combine with the adjacent membrane at a symmetrical location along the vein.Thus,we defined this as an organic junction between the vein and the membranes. The organic junction is able to form a tight corrugation angle,which dramatically increases both the warping rigidity and the strength of the wing,but not the torsional rigidity.The torsional deformation is primarily controlled by the microstructure of the longitudinal veins,and is based on the relative rotation angle between the epidermal layer and the inner layer of the vein that forms the zigzag section.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60906038)the Science-Technology Foundation for Young Scientist of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(No.L08010301JX0831)
文摘A thick SOI LIGBT structure with a combination of uniform and variation in lateral doping profiles （UVLD） on partial membrane （UVLD PM LIGBT） is proposed. The silicon substrate under the drift region is selectively etched to remove the charge beneath the buried oxide so that the potential lines can release below the membrane, resulting in an enhanced breakdown voltage. Moreover, the thick SOI LIGBT with the advantage of a large current flowing and a thermal diffusing area achieves a strong current carrying capability and a low junction temperature. The current carrying capability （VAnode = 6 V, VGate = 15 V） increases by 16% and the maximal junction temperature （1 mW/μm） decreases by 30 K in comparison with that of a conventional thin SO1 structure.
文摘Congenital cataract is a crystallin severe blinding disease and genetic factors in disease development are important. Crystallin growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Congenital cataract-related genes, included crystallin protein gene (CRYAA, CRYAB, CRYBA1/A3, CRYBA4, CRYBB1, CRYBB2, CRYBB3, CRYGC, CRYGD, CRYGS), gap junction channel protein gene (GJA1, GJA3, GJA8), membrane protein gene (GJA3, GJA8, MIP, LIM2), cytoskeletal protein gene (BF-SP2), transcription factor genes (HSF4, MAF, PITX3, PAX6), ferritin light chain gene (FTL), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and so on. Currently, there are about 39 genetic loci isolated to which primary cataracts have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. We summarized the recent advances on epidemiology and genetic locations of congenital cataract in this review.
